Chronic Hepatitis B Infection Is Significantly Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease: a Population-based, Matched Case-control Study

Kim, Sung-Eun,Jang, Eun Sun,Ki, Moran,Gwak, Geum-Youn,Kim, Kyung-Ah,Kim, Gi-Ae,Kim, Do Young,Kim, Dong Joon,Kim, Man Woo,Kim, Yun Soo,Kim, Young Seok,Kim, In Hee,Kim, Chang Wook,Kim, Ho Dong,Kim, Hyun The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2018 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.33 No.42

<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection leads to hepatic and extrahepatic manifestations including chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the association between HBV and CKD is not clear. This study investigated the association between chronic HBV infection and CKD in a nationwide multicenter study.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>A total of 265,086 subjects who underwent health-check examinations in 33 hospitals from January 2015 to December 2015 were enrolled. HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) positive cases (n = 10,048), and age- and gender-matched HBsAg negative controls (n = 40,192) were identified. CKD was defined as a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73 m<SUP>2</SUP> or proteinuria as at least grade 2+ of urine protein.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>HBsAg positive cases showed a significantly higher prevalence of GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m<SUP>2</SUP> (3.3%), and proteinuria (18.9%) than that of the controls (2.6%, <I>P</I> < 0.001, and 14.1%, <I>P</I> < 0.001, respectively). In the multivariate analysis, HBsAg positivity was an independent factor associated with GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m<SUP>2</SUP> along with age, blood levels of albumin, bilirubin, anemia, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Likewise, HBsAg positivity was an independent factor for proteinuria along with age, male, blood levels of bilirubin, protein, albumin, and HbA1c. A subgroup analysis showed that HBsAg positive men but not women had a significantly increased risk for GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m<SUP>2</SUP>.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>Chronic HBV infection was significantly associated with a GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m<SUP>2</SUP> and proteinuria (≥ 2+). Therefore, clinical concern about CKD in chronic HBV infected patients, especially in male, is warranted.</P>

Hepatitis B Virus Infection Is Significantly Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Population-Based, Matched Case-Control Study in Korea

( Sung Eun Kim ),( Eun Sun Jang ),( Moran Ki ),( Geum-youn Gwak ),( Kyung-ah Kim ),( Gi-ae Kim ),( Do Young Kim ),( Dong Joon Kim ),( Man Woo Kim ),( Yun Soo Kim ),( Young Seok Kim ),( In Hee Kim ),( 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1

Aims: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection leads to hepatic and extrahepatic manifestations including chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the association between HBV and CKD is not clear. This study aimed to investigate the association between CKD and HBV infection in a population-based, nationwide multicenter study. Methods: A total of 268,422 subjects who underwent health-check examination in nationwide 33 hospitals from Jan 2015 to Dec 2015, were enrolled. We identified 10,473 adults who had chronic HBV infection by hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity (cases), and 41,892 age-and sex-matched HBsAg negative people (controls) in the same dataset. CKD is defined as GFR<60ml/min/1.73² (GFR categories G3a-G5), according to KDIGO 2010 clinical practice guideline. Proteinuria was defined as the presence of urine protein of at least grade 2+. Results: HBsAg positive cases showed significantly higher frequency of CKD (3.3%) than in controls (2.7%) (P=0.006). Also, the prevalence of proteinuria in HBV cases (18.4%) was significantly higher than in controls (13.9%) (P<0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis for associated factors of CKD revealed that age, serum protein, serum albumin, hemoglobin, hemoglobinA1c and HBsAg positivity were independent predictors (P<0.05). Also, age, sex, HBsAg positivity, serum protein, hemoglobin, hemoglobinA1c and platelet were independent predictors of the proteinuria (P <0.05). Conclusions: HBV infection was significantly associated with GFR<60 ml/min/1.73² and proteinuria (≥2+). Therefore, in the era of effective antiviral therapy, clinical concern on the extrahepatic manifestations including kidney disease is warranted.

Hepatitis C Virus Infection Is Associated with Lower Levels of Serum Cholesterol, Triglyceride, and LDL-Cholesterol Level: A Population-Based, Matched Case-Control Study in Korea

( Sung Eun Kim ),( Eun Sun Jang ),( Moran Ki ),( Geum-Youn Gwak ),( Kyung-Ah Kim ),( Gi-Ae Kim ),( Do Young Kim ),( Dong Joon Kim ),( Man Woo Kim ),( Yun Soo Kim ),( Young Seok Kim ),( In Hee Kim ),( 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1

Aims: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) entry and replication is associated with interruption of lipid metabolism. We aimed to investigate the association between anti-HCV positivity and serum lipid profiles in a nationwide, multicenter study. Methods: A total of 268,422 subjects who underwent health-check examination in nationwide 33 hospitals from Jan 2015 to Dec 2015 were enrolled. Data on the anti-HCV positivity, and biochemical laboratory results including serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol were obtained and analyzed. Among the subjects, 1,360 anti-HCV antibody positive cases (0.6%), and 5,440 anti-HCV negative controls matched for age and sex to the cases were identified in same dataset. Results: Though body mass index (BMI) was not different between case and control group, the mean serum levels of total cholesterol (185 mg/dL), triglyceride (111.8 mg/dL), LDL cholesterol (117.4 mg/dL), and HDL cholesterol (54.5 mg/dL) were all significantly lower in anti-HCV positive group than in controls (192.5, 119.1, 125.1, and 55.8 mg/dL, respectively). By multivariable analyses using logistic regression, the independent factors associated with elevated serum total cholesterol (≥200 mg/dL) were age, male sex, anti-HCV positivity or HCV-RNA positivity. In addition, the independent factors associated with elevated serum triglyceride(≥150 mg/dL) were age, male sex, BMI (≥25kg/m2) HbA1C (≥5.5%), ALT (≥40IU/L), anti-HCV positivity or HCV-RNA positivity. Moreover, the independent factors associated with elevated LDL-cholesterol (≥130 mg/dL) were age, male sex, and anti-HCV positivity or HCV-RNA positivity. Conclusions: In this large population-based data, HCV infection independently associated with lower serum total cholesterol level, lower triglyceride level and lower LDL cholesterol level.

The Nationwide Seroprevalence of Anti-HCV Is Decreasing from 2009 to 2015 in South Korea

( Eun Sun Jang ),( Moran Ki ),( Geum-youn Gwak ),( Kyung-ah Kim ),( Gi-ae Kim ),( Do Young Kim ),( Dong Joon Kim ),( Man Woo Kim ),( Sung Eun Kim ),( Yun Soo Kim ),( Young Seok Kim ),( In Hee Kim ),( 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1

Aims: This study aimed to reveal nationwide anti-HCV prevalence in 2015, and to compare it with a previous survey in 2009, South Korea. Methods: A total of 268,422 subjects who underwent health-check examination including anti-HCV antibody in nationwide 33 hospitals from Jan 2015-Dec 2015, were enrolled in this study. For those showing positive anti-HCV, medical records were reviewed to search whether tests of HCV RNA or the antiviral treatment were performed. Results: Age, gender and area-adjusted anti-HCV positive rate was 0.60% (95% CI 0.57-0.63%) based on the estimated standard population of Korea in 2015. Anti-HCV prevalence was higher in females (0.66%, 95% CI 0.61-0.71) rather than in males (0.54%, 95% CI 0.51-0.58). It showed gradual increase according to age (0.38% in 40s, 0.61% in 50s, 1.06% in 60s, and 1.63% in 70s). The most prevalent area of anti-HCV in South Korea was Jeju (1.54%), followed by Gyeongbuk (0.95%), Gyeongnam (0.89%) and Busan (0.88%). Compared to the previous nationwide data in 2009, the odds ratio of adjusted anti-HCV prevalence was 0.70 (95% CI 0.70-0.71), showing 30% decrease of anti-HCV positivity. Among 7 metropolitan cities and 9 provinces, Chungbuk (0.62%, OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.18-1.26) and Jeju (1.54%, OR 5.35, 95% CI 5.00-5.72) showed increased anti-HCV positivity compared to those in 2009. Of 1,359 anti-HCV positive subjects, 776 (57.1%) had tested for HCV RNA, showing an increased testing rate compared to it in 2009 (27.8%). A total of 251 (18.4%) of anti-HCV positive subjects had received antiviral therapy until Dec 2016. Conclusions: The anti-HCV seroprevalence in South Korea decreased from 2009 to 2015. Moreover, subsequent HCV RNA test rate was increased, though not optimal yet. Regional variation of anti-HCV positivity and change of the prevalence warrants continuous monitoring of HCV epidemiology for optimal strategy of national HCV control.

Expression of the Novel Wheat Gene<i>TM20</i>Confers Enhanced Cadmium Tolerance to Bakers' Yeast

Kim, Yu-Young,Kim, Do-Young,Shim, Donghwan,Song, Won-Yong,Lee, Joohyun,Schroeder, Julian I.,Kim, Sanguk,Moran, Nava,Lee, Youngsook American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bi 2008 The Journal of biological chemistry Vol.283 No.23

<P>Cadmium causes the generation of reactive oxygen species, which in turn causes cell damage. We isolated a novel gene from a wheat root cDNA library, which conferred Cd(II)-specific tolerance when expressed in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The gene, which we called TaTM20, for Triticum aestivum transmembrane 20, encodes a putative hydrophobic polypeptide of 889 amino acids, containing 20 transmembrane domains arranged as a 5-fold internal repeating unit of 4 transmembrane domains each. Expression of TaTM20 in yeast cells stimulated Cd(II) efflux resulting in a decrease in the content of yeast intracellular cadmium. TaTM20-induced Cd(II) tolerance was maintained in yeast even under conditions of reduced GSH. These results demonstrate that TaTM20 enhances Cd(II) tolerance in yeast through the stimulation of Cd(II) efflux from the cell, partially independent of GSH. Treatment of wheat seedlings with Cd(II) induced their expression of TaTM20, decreasing subsequent root Cd(II) accumulation and suggesting a possible role for TaTM20 in Cd(II) tolerance in wheat.</P>

Incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in Vietnam and Korea (1999-2017)

Kim Ngoc Tran,Yoon Park,Byung-Woo Kim,Jin-Kyoung Oh,Moran Ki 한국역학회 2020 Epidemiology and Health Vol.42 No.-

OBJECTIVES: Cervical cancer is a major disease burden in Vietnam. This study aimed to estimate the incidence and mortality rates of cervical cancer in Vietnam (1999-2017) in comparison to those in Korea, where a population-based cancer registry and national cervical cancer screening program have been implemented. METHODS: The estimated incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in Vietnam and Korea (1999-2017) were collected from Global Burden of Disease 2017 study. Estimated age-standardized rates (ASRs) in both countries were calculated utilizing the 1999-2017 population of each country and the World Health Organization standard population. The reported ASRs in Korea were also computed using data on incidence and mortality (1999-2017) and the Korean population from the Korea Statistical Information Service. RESULTS: In Vietnam, the estimated incidence and mortality of cervical cancer decreased annually by 0.84% and 1.01%. In Korea, the trend of reported incidence showed a dramatic drop (1999-2007 annual percent change [APC], -4.53%) before stably declining (2007-2017 APC, -2.71%). Reported mortality also significantly decreased (2003-2008 APC, -6.63%), and then maintained a stable decline (2008-2017 APC, -3.78%). The incidence and mortality rates were higher in Vietnam than in Korea. The declining trend of incidence and mortality in Vietnam was slower than the corresponding trends in Korea. CONCLUSIONS: A national screening program should be implemented for Vietnamese women aged over 30 to maintain, or even hasten, the decline in cervical cancer incidence and mortality. A population-based cancer registry may help monitor the effectiveness of a cervical cancer screening program.

AN ELEMENTARY PROOF OF THE OPTIMAL RECOVERY OF THE THIN PLATE SPLINE RADIAL BASIS FUNCTION

MORAN KIM,CHOHONG MIN 한국산업응용수학회 2015 Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and A Vol.19 No.4

In many practical applications, we face the problem of reconstruction of an unknown function sampled at some data points. Among infinitely many possible reconstructions, the thin plate spline interpolation is known to be the least oscillatory one in the Beppo-Levi semi norm, when the data points are sampled in R<SUP>2</SUP>. The traditional proofs supporting the argument are quite lengthy and complicated, keeping students and researchers off its understanding. In this article, we introduce a simple and short proof for the optimal reconstruction. Our proof is unique and reguires only elementary mathematical background.

Prevention and control of plant disease and pest of prototype in the field

Moran Lee,Hyeju Jeong,Jaeyoon Kim,Roland bocco,Dayeon Kim,Seung Ho Ahn,Sang-Yeob Lee,Ji-Hee Han 한국농약과학회 2018 한국농약과학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2018 No.10

총채벌레 및 고추탄저병의 동시 방제를 위한 곤충병원성 곰팡이 Isaria javanica FT333 선발

이모란 ( Moran Lee ),정혜주 ( Hyeju Jeong ),김재윤 ( Jaeyoon Kim ),김다연 ( Dayeon Kim ),안성호 ( Seung Ho Ahn ),이상엽 ( Sangyeob Lee ),한지희 ( Ji Hee Han ) 한국균학회 2018 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.46 No.4

Red pepper is seriously damaged by thrips (Thrips palmi) and anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum acutatum throughout its development. Because of biotic constraints, producers often depend on chemicals that are expensive and have adverse effects on the environment, operator, and beneficial insects. In addition, resistance is developed because of the repeated use of chemicals. In recent decades, the use of microorganisms in crop protection has become a credible alternative because it is eco-friendly. In this study, we aimed to select isolates with insecticidal and fungicidal activities against the pathogens that cause anthracnose and thrips. We treated T. palmi adults and juveniles with 13 strains of entomopathogenic fungi (isolated from the soil by using the insect-bait method), and 6 strains showed excellent insecticidal activity (70-100%) 5 days after the treatment. The selected isolates were cultured with C. acutatum to screen for the strain with excellent anti-fungal activities, among which an isolate FT333 showed more than 95% control efficacy against C. acutatum in vitro. The isolate was identified as Isaria javanica through its morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of the ITS and β-tubulin nucleotide sequences. The Isaria javanica FT333 isolate could be used effectively for dual bio-control of thrips and anthracnose during red pepper cultivation.

Risk of Diabetes after Hepatitis B or C Infection in Korea, 2002-2013: A Population-Based Cohort Study

( Yeerae Kim ),( Hwa Young Choi ),( Hyunsoon Cho ),( Bo Hyun Kim ),( Moran Ki ) 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1

Aims: While the association between hepatitis C virus infection and diabetes is established, the association between hepatitis B virus infection and diabetes is still unclear. We assess the association between hepatitis B and C virus infections and diabetes development using population-based cohort data. Methods: Data from the National Health Insurance Service―National Sample Cohort, which consists of 514,791 persons aged 40-79 years, representing approximately 10% of the Korean adult population, who had a health check-up between 2002 and 2003, were used. Adults with hepatitis B or C virus infection during 2002-2003, without a prior history of diabetes, were selected as subjects. Results: The cumulative incidences, incidence rates, and hazard ratios of diabetes were highest in the co-infection group, followed by those of hepatitis C, hepatitis B, and the non-infection groups. The cumulative incidence of 12 years was 43.5% in the co-infected, 30.4% in hepatitis C-, 22% in hepatitis B-, and 16.0% in the non-infected groups. The incidence rates per 1,000 person-years were 238.5, 221.9, 172.2, and 145.0 for the co-infected, hepatitis C virus-infected, hepatitis B virus -infected, and non-infected groups, respectively. The risk factor-adjusted hazard ratios for diabetes development were 1.90, 1.62, and 1.41 for the co-infected, hepatitis C virus infected, and hepatitis B virus infected groups, respectively. Conclusions: The study findings suggest that diabetes is associated with both hepatitis C and B virus infections. Thus, it is important to prevent, screen for, and treat hepatitis B and C virus infections to reduce the risk of diabetes.