Mucosally administered Lactobacillus surface-displayed influenza antigens (sM2 and HA2) with cholera toxin subunit A1 (CTA1) Induce broadly protective immune responses against divergent influenza subtypes

Li, R.,Chowdhury, M.Y.E.,Kim, J.H.,Kim, T.H.,Pathinayake, P.,Koo, W.S.,Park, M.E.,Yoon, J.E.,Roh, J.B.,Hong, S.P.,Sung, M.H.,Lee, J.S.,Kim, C.J. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2015 Veterinary microbiology Vol.179 No.3

The development of a universal influenza vaccine that provides broad cross protection against existing and unforeseen influenza viruses is a critical challenge. In this study, we constructed and expressed conserved sM2 and HA2 influenza antigens with cholera toxin subunit A1 (CTA1) on the surface of Lactobacillus casei (pgsA-CTA1sM2HA2/L. casei). Oral and nasal administrations of recombinant L. casei into mice resulted in high levels of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and their isotypes (IgG1 & IgG2a) as well as mucosal IgA. The mucosal administration of pgsA-CTA1sM2HA2/L. casei may also significantly increase the levels of sM2- or HA2-specific cell-mediated immunity because increased release of both IFN-γ and IL-4 was observed. The recombinant pgsA-CTA1sM2HA2/L. casei provided better protection of BALB/c mice against 10 times the 50% mouse lethal doses (MLD<SUB>50</SUB>) of homologous A/EM/Korea/W149/06(H5N1) or A/Aquatic bird/Korea/W8½005 (H5N2) and heterologous A/Puerto Rico/8/34(H1N1), or A/Chicken/Korea/116/2004(H9N2) or A/Philippines/2/08(H3N2) viruses, compared with L. casei harboring sM2HA2 and also the protection was maintained up to seven months after administration. These results indicate that recombinant L. casei expressing the highly conserved sM2, HA2 of influenza and CTA1 as a mucosal adjuvant could be a potential mucosal vaccine candidate or tool to protect against divergent influenza viruses for human and animal.

Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Hainanmycin on Protein Degradation and Populations of Ammonia-producing Bacteria In vitro

Wang, Z.B.,Xin, H.S.,Wang, M.J.,Li, Z.Y.,Qu, Y.L.,Miao, S.J.,Zhang, Y.G. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2013 Animal Bioscience Vol.26 No.5

An in vitro fermentation was conducted to determine the effects of hainanmycin on protein degradation and populations of ammonia-producing bacteria. The substrates (DM basis) for in vitro fermentation consisted of alfalfa hay (31.7%), Chinese wild rye grass hay (28.3%), ground corn grain (24.5%), soybean meal (15.5%) with a forage: concentrate of 60:40. Treatments were the control (no additive) and hainanmycin supplemented at 0.1 (H0.1), 1 (H1), 10 (H10), and 100 mg/kg (H100) of the substrates. After 24 h of fermentation, the highest addition level of hainanmycin decreased total VFA concentration and increased the final pH. The high addition level of hainanmycin (H1, H10, and H100) reduced (p<0.05) branched-chain VFA concentration, the molar proportion of acetate and butyrate, and ratio of acetate to propionate; and increased the molar proportion of propionate, except that for H1 the in molar proportion of acetate and isobutyrate was not changed (p>0.05). After 24 h of fermentation, H10 and H100 increased (p<0.05) concentrations of peptide nitrogen and AA nitrogen and proteinase activity, and decreased (p<0.05) $NH_3$-N concentration and deaminase activity compared with control. Peptidase activitives were not affected by hainanmycin. Hainanmycin supplementation only inhibited the growth of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, which is one of the species of low deaminative activity. Hainanmycin supplementation also decreased (p<0.05) relative population sizes of hyper-ammonia-producing species, except for H0.1 on Clostridium aminophilum. It was concluded that dietary supplementation with hainanmycin could improve ruminal fermentation and modify protein degradation by changing population size of ammonia-producing bacteria in vitro; and the addition level of 10 mg/kg appeared to achieve the best results.

The PPARα activator fenofibrate inhibits voltage-dependent K⁺ channels in rabbit coronary arterial smooth muscle cells

Li, H.,Shin, S.E.,Seo, M.S.,An, J.R.,Jung, W.K.,Ha, K.S.,Han, E.T.,Hong, S.H.,Bang, H.,Bae, Y.M.,Firth, A.L.,Choi, I.W.,Park, W.S. North-Holland 2017 European journal of pharmacology Vol.812 No.-

<P>We examined the effects of the PPAR alpha activator fenofibrate on voltage-dependent K+ (Kv) channels using a patch clamp technique in native rabbit coronary arterial smooth muscle cells. Kv current was inhibited by application of fenofibrate in a concentration-dependent manner, with an apparent IC50 value of 6.39 +/- 0.53 mu M and a slope value (Hill coefficient) of 1.63 +/- 0.10. Fenofibrate accelerated the decay rate of Kv channel inactivation. The rate constants of association and dissociation for fenofibrate were 0.81 +/- 0.05 mu M-1 s(-1) and 4.70 +/- 0.47 s(-1), respectively. Although fenofibrate did not affect the steady-state activation curves, fenofibrate shifted the inactivation curves toward a more negative potential. Application of train pulses (1 or 2 Hz) progressively increased the fenofibrate-induced inhibition of the Kv channel, and the recovery time constant from inactivation was increased in the presence of fenofibrate, which suggested that the inhibitory effect of fenofibrate is use-dependent. Another PPAR alpha activator, bezafibrate and PPARa inhibitor, GW 6471, did not affect the Kv current and also did not change the inhibitory effect of fenofibrate on the Kv current. From these results, we suggest that fenofibrate inhibited Kv current in a state-, time-, and use-dependent manner, completely independent of PPAR alpha activation.</P>

Fungal diversity notes 253–366: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa

Li, G. J.,Hyde, K. D.,Zhao, R. L.,Hongsanan, S.,Abdel-Aziz, F. A.,Abdel-Wahab, M. A.,Alvarado, P.,Alves-Silva, G.,Ammirati, J. F.,Ariyawansa, H. A. Springer Science and Business Media 2016 FUNGAL DIVERSITY Vol.78 No.1

<P>Notes on 113 fungal taxa are compiled in this paper, including 11 new genera, 89 new species, one new subspecies, three new combinations and seven reference specimens. A wide geographic and taxonomic range of fungal taxa are detailed. In the Ascomycota the new genera Angustospora (Testudinaceae), Camporesia (Xylariaceae), Clematidis, Crassiparies (Pleosporales genera incertae sedis), Farasanispora, Longiostiolum (Pleosporales genera incertae sedis), Multilocularia (Parabambusicolaceae), Neophaeocryptopus (Dothideaceae), Parameliola (Pleosporales genera incertae sedis), and Towyspora (Lentitheciaceae) are introduced. Newly introduced species are Angustospora nilensis, Aniptodera aquibella, Annulohypoxylon albidiscum, Astrocystis thailandica, Camporesia sambuci, Clematidis italica, Colletotrichum menispermi, C. quinquefoliae, Comoclathris pimpinellae, Crassiparies quadrisporus, Cytospora salicicola, Diatrype thailandica, Dothiorella rhamni, Durotheca macrostroma, Farasanispora avicenniae, Halorosellinia rhizophorae, Humicola koreana, Hypoxylon lilloi, Kirschsteiniothelia tectonae, Lindgomyces okinawaensis, Longiostiolum tectonae, Lophiostoma pseudoarmatisporum, Moelleriella phukhiaoensis, M. pongdueatensis, Mucoharknessia anthoxanthi, Multilocularia bambusae, Multiseptospora thysanolaenae, Neophaeocryptopus cytisi, Ocellularia arachchigei, O. ratnapurensis, Ochronectria thailandica, Ophiocordyceps karstii, Parameliola acaciae, P. dimocarpi, Parastagonospora cumpignensis, Pseudodidymosphaeria phlei, Polyplosphaeria thailandica, Pseudolachnella brevifusiformis, Psiloglonium macrosporum, Rhabdodiscus albodenticulatus, Rosellinia chiangmaiensis, Saccothecium rubi, Seimatosporium pseudocornii, S. pseudorosae, Sigarispora ononidis and Towyspora aestuari. New combinations are provided for Eutiarosporella dactylidis (sexual morph described and illustrated) and Pseudocamarosporium pini. Descriptions, illustrations and/or reference specimens are designated for Aposphaeria corallinolutea, Cryptovalsa ampelina, Dothiorella vidmadera, Ophiocordyceps formosana, Petrakia echinata, Phragmoporthe conformis and Pseudocamarosporium pini. The new species of Basidiomycota are Agaricus coccyginus, A. luteofibrillosus, Amanita atrobrunnea, A. digitosa, A. gleocystidiosa, A. pyriformis, A. strobilipes, Bondarzewia tibetica, Cortinarius albosericeus, C. badioflavidus, C. dentigratus, C. duboisensis, C. fragrantissimus, C. roseobasilis, C. vinaceobrunneus, C. vinaceogrisescens, C. wahkiacus, Cyanoboletus hymenoglutinosus, Fomitiporia atlantica, F. subtilissima, Ganoderma wuzhishanensis, Inonotus shoreicola, Lactifluus armeniacus, L. ramipilosus, Leccinum indoaurantiacum, Musumecia alpina, M. sardoa, Russula amethystina subp. tengii and R. wangii are introduced. Descriptions, illustrations, notes and / or reference specimens are designated for Clarkeinda trachodes, Dentocorticium ussuricum, Galzinia longibasidia, Lentinus stuppeus and Leptocorticium tenellum. The other new genera, species new combinations are Anaeromyces robustus, Neocallimastix californiae and Piromyces finnis from Neocallimastigomycota, Phytophthora estuarina, P. rhizophorae, Salispina, S. intermedia, S. lobata and S. spinosa from Oomycota, and Absidia stercoraria, Gongronella orasabula, Mortierella calciphila, Mucor caatinguensis, M. koreanus, M. merdicola and Rhizopus koreanus in Zygomycota.</P>

Characteristics and composition of atmospheric aerosols in Phimai, central Thailand during BASE-ASIA

Li, C.,Tsay, S.C.,Hsu, N.C.,Kim, J.Y.,Howell, S.G.,Huebert, B.J.,Ji, Q.,Jeong, M.J.,Wang, S.H.,Hansell, R.A.,Bell, S.W. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier [distribution] 2013 Atmospheric environment Vol.78 No.-

Comprehensive measurements of atmospheric aerosols were made in Phimai, central Thailand (15.183<SUP>o</SUP>N, 102.565<SUP>o</SUP>E, elevation: 206 m) during the BASE-ASIA field experiment from late February to early May in 2006. The observed aerosol loading was sizable for this rural site (mean aerosol scattering: 108 +/- 64 Mm<SUP>-1</SUP>; absorption: 15 +/- 8 Mm<SUP>-1</SUP>; PM<SUB>10</SUB> concentration: 33 +/- 17 μg m<SUP>-3</SUP>), and dominated by submicron particles. Major aerosol compounds included carbonaceous (OC: 9.5 +/- 3.6 μg m<SUP>-3</SUP>; EC: 2.0 +/- 2.3 μg m<SUP>-3</SUP>) and secondary species (SO<SUB>4</SUB><SUP>2-</SUP>: 6.4 +/- 3.7 μg m<SUP>-3</SUP>, NH<SUB>4</SUB><SUP>+</SUP>: 2.2 +/- 1.3 μg m<SUP>-3</SUP>). While the site was seldom under the direct influence of large forest fires to its north, agricultural fires were ubiquitous during the experiment, as suggested by the substantial concentration of K<SUP>+</SUP> (0.56 +/- 0.33 μg m<SUP>-3</SUP>). Besides biomass burning, aerosols in Phimai during the experiment were also strongly influenced by industrial and vehicular emissions from the Bangkok metropolitan region and long-range transport from southern China. High humidity played an important role in determining the aerosol composition and properties in the region. Sulfate was primarily formed via aqueous phase reactions, and hygroscopic growth could enhance the aerosol light scattering by up to 60%, at the typical morning RH level of 85%. The aerosol single scattering albedo demonstrated distinct diurnal variation, ranging from 0.86 +/- 0.04 in the evening to 0.92 +/- 0.02 in the morning. This experiment marks the first time such comprehensive characterization of aerosols was made for rural central Thailand. Our results indicate that aerosol pollution has developed into a regional problem for northern Indochina, and may become more severe as the region's population and economy continue to grow.

Decoration of carbon nanotube films with iridium nanoparticles and their electrochemical characterization

Irfan, M.,Pham, X. H.,Han, K. N.,Li, C. A.,Hong, M. H.,Seong, G. H. Korean BioChip Society 2014 BioChip Journal Vol.8 No.2

We report the development of a novel nonenzymatic glucose sensor based on single-walled carbon nanotube film electrodes coated with iridium nano-particles (IrNPs-SWCNT). The SWCNT film electrode was first loaded with iridium nanoparticles (IrNPs) by an easily controllable chronocoulometry technique. The SWCNT film electrode coated with IrNPs was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical techniques like cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometry. There was no current response for glucose oxidation in neutral and acidic media, but a couple of oxidative and reductive peaks were observed when the IrNPs-SWCNT electrode was scanned in alkaline media, showing the strong electrocatalytic activity toward glucose oxidation. Amperometric measurements showed a high sensitivity of 63 mu Acm(-2) mM(-1) and a detection limit of 17 mu M; further, the measurements showed a linear range of 0.59-14 mM. To improve the selectivity of the electrode, the prepared IrNPs-SWCNT film electrode was coated using a 1.0% Nafion aqueous solution. When the electrodes were exposed to interfering substances such as uric acid and ascorbic acid, there were no significant signals observed from these substances, indicating that Nafion is an effective permselective polymer barrier. The sensitivity of the Nafion-coated electrode was 23 mu Acm(-2) mM(-1) and the detection limit was 47 mu M. In addition, the electro-catalytic activity of the Nafion-coated electrode was still stable after 50 cycles in the presence of a 3.0 mM glucose solution. as measured by CV.

Charge transfer bands of Mo-O and photoluminescence properties of micro-material Y₂MoO₆:Eu³⁺ red phosphor

Wang, M.,Zhang, H.,Li, L.,Liu, X.,Hong, F.,Li, R.,Song, H.,Gui, M.,Shen, J.,Zhu, W.,Wang, J.,Zhou, L.,Jeong, J.H. Elsevier Sequoia 2014 JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS Vol.585 No.-

Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> activated micrometer Y<SUB>2</SUB>MoO<SUB>6</SUB> phosphors with strong red emission bands, under a broad-band excitation wavelength range of 340-400nm, have been prepared by solid-state reaction and sol-gel technique. The photoluminescence indicates that the materials exhibit a characteristic red emission peak of Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> ions at 612nm. Compared with the material obtained by sol-gel method, the Y<SUB>2</SUB>MoO<SUB>6</SUB>:Eu prepared using solid state method showed much stronger red emission under the n-UV excitation. The broad excitation bands are assigned to charge transfer (CT) bands originating from the ligands (O) to the central ions Mo<SUP>6+</SUP>. About 12nm shift of excitation bands in Y<SUB>2</SUB>MoO<SUB>6</SUB>:Eu was found. With a decrease of the crystalline size, the excitation bands of O-Mo CT shift to the short wavelength. The origin of CT shift in macromaterial Y<SUB>2</SUB>MoO<SUB>6</SUB>:Eu was investigated quantitatively from the chemical bond viewpoint. All constituent chemical bonds in the crystal with or without oxygen vacancy were considered. The changes of average energy gap of the chemical bond Mo-O and the environmental factor (h<SUB>e</SUB>) surrounding Mo<SUP>6+</SUP> ions in the crystals were discussed quantitatively. Calculated results from two different methods analysis specifications showed that the origin of CT blue-shifts mainly come from the vacancies of O6 sites within the crystals.

POLARIMETRY OF DG TAU AT 350 μm

Krejny, M.,Matthews, T. G.,Novak, G.,Cho, J.,Li, H.,Shinnaga, H.,Vaillancourt, J. E. IOP Publishing 2009 The Astrophysical journal Vol.705 No.1

<P>We present the first 350 mu m polarization measurement for the disk of the T Tauri star (TTS) DG Tau. The data were obtained using the SHARP polarimeter at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory. We measured normalized Stokes parameters q = -0.0086 +/- 0.0060 and u = -0.0012 +/- 0.0061, which gives a 2 sigma upper limit for the percent polarization of 1.7%. We obtain information about the polarization spectrum by comparing our 350 mu m measurement with an 850 mu m polarization detection previously published for this source. Comparing the two measurements in Stokes space ( not in percent polarization) shows that the two data points are not consistent, i.e., either the degree of polarization or the angle of polarization (or both) must change significantly as one moves from 850 mu m to 350 mu m. This conclusion concerning the polarization spectrum disagrees with the predictions of a recent model for TTS disk polarization. We show that this discrepancy can be explained by optical depth effects. Specifically, we demonstrate that if one were to add more mass to the model disk, one would expect to obtain a model polarization spectrum in which the polarization degree falls sharply with increasing frequency, consistent with the observations at the two wavelengths. We suggest that multiwavelength polarimetry of TTS disk emission may provide a promising method for probing the opacity of TTS disks.</P>

Microstructural Stability and Creep Performance of a Novel Low-Cost Single Crystal Superalloy

Z. H. Tan,X. G. Wang,Y. L. Du,Y. M. Li,Y. H. Yang,J. L. Liu,J. D. Liu,J. G. Li,Y. Z. Zhou,X. F. Sun 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.7

The increasing pursuit of advanced aero-engines with lower ratio between the cost and performance has greatly promotedthe demanding of single crystal superalloys characterized by low cost and outstanding temperature capability. In this study,a novel low-cost single crystal superalloy was designed and the creep tests as well as micro-characterization were carried outon the experimental alloy. The results illustrated that the novel single crystal alloy exhibited an ideal microstructural stabilitywithout precipitating TCP phases, after long-term thermal exposure at the ultimate service temperature of third generationsingle crystal superalloys. Moreover, the experimental alloy with only 3 wt% Re addition demonstrated remarkable creepresistance and maintained a very low minimum creep rate at 1100 °C/137 MPa and 1120 °C/137 MPa, while the accumulationand coalescence of micro-pores had eventually led to the alloy fracture. Apart from that, the compact interfacial dislocationnetworks the 2nd γ′ phase were observed after high-temperature creep rupture, and the typical a < 010 > superdislocationswith relatively poor mobility was found at 1120 °C. At 760 °C/800 MPa, both the minimum creep velocity and entire creepstain was increased evidently, however, the ultimate creep rupture life of the alloy had still reached 200 h. The correspondingdeformation mechanism was identified as the combination of superdislocation pairs shearing and a/3 < 121 > partial dislocationcutting the γ′ phase with a SISF being generated. In general, the novel single crystal alloy characterized by remarkablemechanical properties and cost reduction possesses a great potential for future application in the advanced aircraft engines.

Boron adsorption mechanism of a hybrid gel derived from tetraethoxysilane and bis(trimethoxysilylpropyl)amine

Liu, H.,Qing, B.,Ye, X.,Guo, M.,Li, Q.,Wu, Z.,Lee, K.,Lee, D.,Lee, K. 한국물리학회 2009 Current Applied Physics Vol.9 No.4_SUP

An organic/inorganic hybrid gel was prepared with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and bis(trimethoxysilylpropyl)amine (TSPA) as precursors. The adsorption of boron on the hybrid gel in aqueous solutions was investigated comprehensively by varying the initial boron concentration, pH, ionic strength, and temperature. The equilibrium adsorption amount of boron increases with the increase in initial boron concentration and ionic strength, but decreases with the increase in temperature. The adsorption amount exhibits a maximum at initial pH of 4-10. Boron appears to be adsorbed in both H<SUB>3</SUB>BO<SUB>3</SUB> and B(OH)<SUB>4</SUB><SUP>-</SUP> forms through the hydrogen bonding, electrostatic and hydrophobic attractions.