High Plasma Sphingosine 1-phosphate Levels Predict Osteoporotic Fractures in Postmenopausal Women: The Center of Excellence for Osteoporosis Research Study

Mohammed-Salleh M. Ardawi,Abdulrahim A. Rouzi,Nawal S. Al-Senani,Mohammed H. Qari,Ayman Z. Elsamanoudy,Shaker A. Mousa 대한골대사학회 2018 대한골대사학회지 Vol.25 No.2

Background: Higher sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) plasma levels are associated with decreased bone mineral density (BMD), and increased risk of prevalent vertebral fracture. So, we hypothesized that postmenopausal women with increased baseline plasma S1P levels have a greater risk for future incident fracture (osteoporosis-related fractures [ORFs]). Methods: This study was conducted in a prospective longitudinal cohort of 707 women recruited in 2004 and followed up annually for a mean period of 5.2±1.3 years. They were postmenopausal (aged ≥50 years). The primary outcome measure was the time to the first confirmed ORF event using radiographs and/or a surgical report. Results: The plasma S1P levels (μmol/L) were significantly higher in the women with incident fracture (7.23±0.79) than in those without ORFs (5.02±0.51; P<0.001). High S1P levels were strongly associated with increased fracture risk. After adjustment for age and other confounders, the hazard ratio (HR) was 6.12 (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.92-7.66) for each 1-standard deviation increase in plasma S1P levels. The women in the highest quartile of S1P levels had a significant increase in fracture risk (HR, 9.89; 95% CI, 2.83-34.44). Results were similar when we compared plasma S1P levels at the 1-year visit. Conclusions: The associations between plasma S1P levels and fracture risk were independent of BMD and other confounders. These findings demonstrate that high plasma S1P level at baseline and at years 1 to 5 is a strong and independent risk factor for future [ORFs] among postmenopausal women and could be a useful biomarker for fracture risk assessment in this population.

Cellulitis in Broiler Chickens

AMER, Mohamed M.,MEKKY, Hoda M.,FEDAWY, Hanaa S.,AMER, Aziza M.,ELBAYOUMI, Khalid M. Korea FoodHealth Convergence Association 2020 식품보건융합연구 (KJFHC) Vol.6 No.5

Cellulitis in broiler chickens is one of the economically important problems that facing the broiler industry due to the presence of the lesion leads to condemnation of part of /or the entire carcasses. Broiler with cellulitis lesions showed lower body weight. Cellulitis was recorded on different body regions including the head, dorsum, thighs, breast, legs, and abdomen. Cellulitis results from the invasion of subcutaneous (s.c.) tissues by bacteria through disruption of skin integrity. Lesions revealed the existence of the characteristic s.c colored exudate varies from yellowish to green, which were either serosanguineous, fibrinous s.c exudate yellowish, greenish or suppurative. Many bacterial isolates including E. coli, Staphylococci, Clostridia, Aeromonas spp., Enterobacter spp., Proteus mirabilis, P. aeruginosa, and Streptococci were isolated from the lesion. Chickens exposed to immunosuppression proved to have a greater probability of developing cellulitis. The condition was experimentally induced by s.c inoculation of 25-day-old broiler chickens with E. coli, S. aureus and clostridia. Usually, bacterial isolates were multidrug-resistant. The usage of Bifidobacterium bifidum or antibiotic with avoiding immunosuppression can reduce lesion and condemnation rate resulted from cellulitis. The objective of this review is to collect different literature written about cellulitis to be available to students, researchers, and veterinarians in poultry practical.

Inducing Potential Mutants in Bread Wheat Using Different Doses of Certain Physical and Chemical Mutagens

Ghada M.Sh.M. Abaza,Hassan A. Awaad,Zakaria M. Attia,Khalid S. Abdel-lateif,Mohamed A. Gomaa,Safy M.Sh.M. Abaza,Elsayed Mansour 한국육종학회 2020 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.8 No.3

Mutation is an effective strategy not only for creating novel variation into crop genome but also for direct releasing adapted and high-yielding genotypes. The current work explores inducing genetic variability in bread wheat using physical and chemical mutagens. Three wheat cultivars were treated by three mutagens; gamma irradiation (five doses; 250, 300, 350, 400 and 450 Gray); laser ray (three treatments; 1, 1.5, and 2 hour exposure) and EMS (three concentrations; 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4%). Besides, a combination of physical (laser) and chemical (EMS) mutagens using middle range of each treatment (1.5 hour laser and 0.3% EMS) was attempted to be applied. The treated seeds were sown in the first season and 4050 M1 plants were harvested. The harvested seeds were sown in the second season, and 78750 M2 plants were obtained. The selection was performed in second season (M2) based on morpho-physiological and yield traits; flag leaf area, flag leaf chlorophyll content, plant height, spike length, grain yield per plant and its components. Based on evaluated traits fourteen mutants were selected to be evaluated in the third generation (M3). The results indicated that the used mutagens had direct impact and significantly improved agronomic traits in derivative mutants compared to their parent cultivars. Moreover, the maximum increment in yield related traits were obtained by 0.4% EMS, 1 and 2 hour-laser, 350-Gy, 1.5 hour × 0.3% EMS and 250-Gy. The obtained results highlighted the importance of these doses of applied mutagens to induce useful genetic variability in bread wheat for improving grain yield and contributing traits.

Increased Hypermethylation of Glutathione S-Transferase P1, DNA-Binding Protein Inhibitor, Death Associated Protein Kinase and Paired Box Protein-5 Genes in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Saudi Females

Hafez, Mohamed M.,Al-Shabanah, Othman A.,Al-Rejaie, Salim S.,Al-Harbi, Naif O.,Hassan, Zeinab K.,Alsheikh, Abdulmalik,Theyab, Abdurrahman I. Al,Aldelemy, Meshan L.,Sayed-Ahmed, Mohamed M. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.2

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer (BC) with higher metastatic rate and both local and systemic recurrence compared to non-TNBC. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) secondary to oxidative stress is associated with DNA damage, chromosomal degradation and alterations of both hypermethylation and hypomethylation of DNA. This study concerns differential methylation of promoter regions in specific groups of genes in TNBC and non-TNBC Saudi females in an effort to understand whether epigenetic events might be involved in breast carcinogenesis, and whether they might be used as markers for Saudi BCs. Methylation of glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1), T-cadherin (CDH13), Paired box protein 5 (PAX5), death associated protein kinase (DAPK), twist-related protein (TWIST), DNA-binding protein inhibitor (ID4), High In Normal-1 (HIN-1), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (p16), cyclin D2 and retinoic acid receptor-${\beta}$ ($RAR{\beta}1$) genes was analyzed by methylation specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) in 200 archival formalin-fixed paraffin embedded BC tissues divided into 3 groups; benign breast tissues (20), TNBC (80) and non-TNBC (100). The relationships between methylation status, and clinical and pathological characteristics of patients and tumors were assessed. Higher frequencies of GSTP1, ID4, TWIST, DAPK, PAX5 and HIN-1 hypermethylation were found in TNBC than in non-TNBC. Hypermethylation of GSTP1, CDH13, ID4, DAPK, HIN-1 and PAX5 increased with tumor grade increasing. Other statistically significant correlations were identified with studied genes. Data from this study suggest that increased hypermethylation of GSTP1, ID4, TWIST, DAPK, PAX5 and HIN-1 genes in TNBC than in non-TNBC can act as useful biomarker for BCs in the Saudi population. The higher frequency of specific hypermethylated genes paralleling tumor grade, size and lymph node involvement suggests contributions to breast cancer initiation and progression.

Improved Interlaminar Shear Behaviour of a New Hybrid Kevlar/Cocos Nucifera Sheath Composites with Graphene Nanoplatelets Modified Epoxy Matrix

J. Naveen,M. Jawaid,E. S. Zainudin,Mohamed T. H. Sultan,R. Yahaya 한국섬유공학회 2019 Fibers and polymers Vol.20 No.8

This research investigated the effect of hybridizing Kevlar/cocos nucifera sheath and the effect of adding differentwt.% of Graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) on the interlaminar shear behaviour of laminated composites. Initially, different wt.% (0,0.25, 0.50, and 0.75) of GNP’s were mixed with epoxy resin through Ultrasonic-sonication. Then the laminated compositeswere fabricated by hand lay-up method followed by hot pressing. The weight ratio of Kevlar (K) and cocous nucifera sheath(CS) are 100/0 (S1), 75/25(S2), 50/50 (S3), 25/75(S4), and 0/100(S5). Interlaminar shear strengths (ILSS) of differentlaminates were evaluated using a short beam shear test. The results revealed that hybrid composites S2 (75/25) possess higherILSS than other laminates in the absence of GNP. Addition of GNP at 0.25 wt.% exhibited higher ILSS in all the laminates(S1 to S5) due to the improved interfacial properties. Further addition of GNP (0.50, and 0.75 wt.%) has declined the ILSS ofthe laminated composites due to aggregation and overlapping of GNP. XRD analysis reveals that at 0.25 wt.% of GNP, all thehybrid composites exhibited higher crystallinity index. Statistical analysis of the results has been performed using one way-ANOVA (Analysis of variance) and it shows that there is a statistically significant difference between the obtainedinterlaminar shear strength of the laminated composites.

Functional topography of the primary motor cortex during motor execution and motor imagery as revealed by functional MRI

Makary, Meena M.,Eun, Seulgi,Soliman, Ramy S.,Mohamed, Abdalla Z.,Lee, Jeungchan,Park, Kyungmo Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams Wilkin 2017 NEUROREPORT - Vol.28 No.12

<P>Controversy exists regarding the involvement of the primary motor cortex (M1) during motor imagery (MI) and also regarding the differential somatotopic representation of motor execution (ME) and mental simulation of movement, that is, MI within M1. Although some research reported clear M1 involvement during MI without overt motor output, others did not. However, possible somatotopic representation between execution and imagery has not been clearly investigated to date. The aim of the present study was to aid in the resolution of this controversy by investigating the possible involvement of M1 during MI, and the differential, within M1, somatotopic representation between execution and imagery by quantitatively assessing different location markers such as activation peak and center of mass as well as intensity differences between the two tasks in case of with and without the overlap between the two representations. Forty-one healthy volunteers participated in two functional MRI runs of mouth-stretching ME and MI tasks. Our findings suggest the clear involvement of M1 (BA 4) during MI with lower signal intensity compared with ME, and further showed distinct centers for each representation along the y-axis (anteroposterior plane), with MI showing more involvement of the anterior sector of M1 (BA 4a), whereas ME recruited more of the posterior sector (BA 4p). These results parallel the pioneering findings of a functional distinction between BA 4a and BA 4p, where BA 4a is more involved in the cognitive aspects of MI, whereas BA 4p is more related to executive function, promoting the idea of distinctive somatotopic mapping between execution and imagery within M1 sectors.</P>

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of Heritiera fomes (Buch.-Ham), a mangrove plant of the Sundarbans

Islam Md. Emdadul,Islam Kazi Mohammed Didarul,Billah Md. Morsaline,Biswas Rana,Sohrab Md. Hossain,Rahman S. M. Mahbubur 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2020 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.20 No.2

The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of Heritiera fomes ethanolic extract was evaluated.Query Ethanolic extraction of dried and grinded plant leaves and bark was performed. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and β-carotene bleaching inhibition assay. Total phenolic and flavonoid content were also determined. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by in vitro human RBC membrane stabilizing assay and in vivo mice paw edema test. Ethanolic bark and leaf extracts of H. fomes (S1 and S2, respectively) showed significant scavenging effect on DPPH scavenging 68.51 µg/ml for S1 and 108.64 µg/ml for S2. Potent reduction potential (FRAP) was observed in S1 (83.75 mM of ferrous equivalent) while the FRAP of standard ascorbic acid was found 86.66 μM of ferrous equivalent. S1 also exhibited 87.43% β-carotene bleaching inhibition as comparable to standard butylated hydroxytoluene with 98.85% inhibition. Substantial phenolic and flavonoid content was also observed in S1 (136.83 μg gallic acid equivalent/g of extract and 76.67 μg quercetin equivalent/g of extract, respectively). S1 could provide 61.73% and 53.27% protection of RBC membrane in hypotonicity and heat induced lysis of RBC, respectively while the standard diclofenac sodium provided 91.66% and 86.66% protection, respectively. Furthermore, 44.16% reduction in mice paw edema at 40 μg/kg bw concentration was observed in S1 as compared to standard indomethacine (53.54% in 10 μg/kg bw concentration). The results revealed that the bark extract (S1) of H. fomes possesses significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.

First Measurements of Carbonaceous Aerosol across Urban, Rural and Residential Areas in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia

Iqbal M. Ismail,Ahmad S. Summan,Jalal M. Basahi,Essam Hammam,Mohamed F. Yassin,Ibrahim A. Hassan 한국대기환경학회 2021 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.15 No.2

Concentrations of black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), and total suspended particulate matter (TSP) were simultaneously assessed in urban, rural and residential areas in Jeddah city for one year from January to December 2017. It was aimed in the present study to provide information about the spatial and seasonal variability of these aerosol species in Jeddah, and insight into sources, processes and effects of meteorological conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the variability of carbonaceous aerosols (OC and BC) in Saudi Arabia. The average concentrations of OC, BC, and TSP varied spatially and temporally. The annual average concentrations of OC, BC, and TSP were 134.05, 7.16, and 569.41 μg m-3 and 34.32, 5.14, and 240.64 μg m-3 and 10.67, 4.39 and 101.31 μg m-3 in the urban, residential and rural areas, respectively. Moreover, there was a clear seasonal variation in the concentration of carbonaceous aerosols; the highest concentrations were recorded in February and September, while the lowest concentrations of OC were recorded during April, May and August in the urban, residential and rural sites, respectively. Nevertheless, the lowest concentrations of BC were recorded during March in the urban and residential sites and during November in the rural site. The relative concentrations of OC and BC to the TSP were relatively high, and they have a significant correlation with prevalent wind speed (-0.636, and -0.581 in the urban area), (-0.539 and -0.511 in the residential area), and (-0.508 and -0.501 in the rural area), respectively. The marked differences in the concentrations of BC and OC were reflected on OC/BC ratio, which is a good representative of different source types. This preliminary study showed that the potential local sources were emissions from traffic (fossil fuel), biomass burning, anthropogenic activities (e.g. car drifting and outdoor cooking), and industrial activities. The present study suggest the presence of highly inefficient combustion sources and highlight the need for the regulation of such emissions.

Thiazolylazo 화합물의 분광학적, 자기적, 그리고 열적성질

Masoud, M.S.,Mohamed, G.B.,Abdul-Razek Y.H.,Ali A.E.,Khairy F.N. 대한화학회 2002 대한화학회지 Vol.46 No.2

Thiazolylazo 화합물과 barbituric산, uracil, thiouracil, citrazinic산 chromotrotropic산, gallict산, pyrogallol 그리고 salicylic산의 Co(II), Ni(II) 그리고 Cu(II) 착화합물의 제조하였고, $^1H$ NMR, IR, 그리고 전기 흡수 스펙트럼에 대한 pHdudgid에 의하여 규명하였다. 이온화형태, 전기적 전이 그리고 해리상수에 대하여 설명하였다. 구리 착화합물은 등방형 ESR스펙트럼이었으며 자기적으로 궤도 기여를 갖는 묽은 성질이었다. 상세한 DTA데이타를 얻었고, 그 결과를 토론하였다. The thiazolylazo compounds and their Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes of barbituric acid, uracil, thiouracil, citrazinic acid, chromotropic acid, gallic acid, pyrogallol and salicylic acid were pre-pared and characterized by $^1H$ NMR , IR and the effect of pH on the electronic absorption spectra . The mode of ionization, the electronic transitions and the dissociation constants were discussed. The stoichiometries of the complexes were of 1:1, 2:1 and 3:2 (M:L). The copper complexes are of isotropic ESR spectra (except that of gallic acid which showed a complicated one) and are of magnetically diluted behaviour with orbital con-tribution. Detailed DTA data were obtained and discussed.

Comparative toxicity, growth inhibitory and biochemical effects of terpenes and phenylpropenes on Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.)

Nagwa M.A. Al-Nagar,Hamdy K. Abou-Taleb,Mohamed S. Shawir,Samir A.M. Abdelgaleil 한국응용곤충학회 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.23 No.1

Eleven monoterpenes, phenylpropenes and sesquiterpenes were evaluated for their insecticidal and growth inhibitory activities against the second and fourth larval instars of Spodoptera littoralis. Among the tested compounds, 1,8-cineole revealed the highest fumigant toxicity against the 2nd and 4th larval instars with LC 50 values of 2.32 and 3.13 mg/L air, respectively. The monoterpenes, p-cymene, α-terpinene, (−)α-pinene and (−)-carvone were highly toxic to both larval stages as their LC 50 values ranged between 7.35 and 13.79 mg/L air against 2nd larval instar and between 14.66 and 32.02 mg/L air against 4th larval instar. In topical application assay against the 4th larval instar, (−)-carvone (LD 50 = 0.15 mg/larva) and cuminaldehyde (LD 50 = 0.27 mg/larva) were the most potent contact toxicants. In residual film assay, trans-cinnamaldehyde, (−)-citronellal and pcymene showed the highest insecticidal activity against the 2nd larval instar, while α-terpinene and (−)-carvone were most effective compounds against the 4th larval instar. Moreover, the tested compounds caused strong growth reduction of both larval stages with growth inhibition higher than 80% in the 2nd larval instar and higher than 70% in the 4th larval instar. On the other hand, (−)-carvone, cuminaldehyde and (Z,E)-nerolidol showed pronounced inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases) activity of S. littoralis larvae. Cuminaldehyde (IC 50 = 1.04 mM) and (Z,E)-nerolidol (IC 50 = 0.02 mM) caused the highest inhibition of AChE and ATPases, respectively. Taken together, the results indicate that monoterpenes, phenylpropenes and phenylpropenes could be used to develop new botanical insecticides for S. littoralis management.