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Son, S.,Ko, S.K.,Kim, J.W.,Lee, J.K.,Jang, M.,Ryoo, I.J.,Hwang, G.J.,Kwon, M.C.,Shin, K.S.,Futamura, Y.,Hong, Y.S.,Oh, H.,Kim, B.Y.,Ueki, M.,Takahashi, S.,Osada, H.,Jang, J.H.,Ahn, J.S. Pergamon Press 2016 Phytochemistry Vol.122 No.-
Twelve metabolites, including five highly oxygenated azaphilones, geumsanols A-E, along with seven known analogues were isolated from Penicillium sp. KCB11A109, a fungus derived from a ginseng field. Their structures were assigned by spectroscopic means (NMR and MS), and stereochemistries were determined by extensive spectroscopic analyses (<SUP>1</SUP>H-<SUP>1</SUP>H coupling constants, NOESY, and HETLOC) and chemical derivatizations (modified Mosher's method and acetonide formation). The isolates were evaluated for their anticancer, antimicrobial, antimalarial activities, and phenotypic effects in zebrafish development. Of these compounds possessing no pyranoquinone core, only geumsanol E exhibited cytotoxic activities and toxic effects on zebrafish embryos, suggesting that a double bond at C-11 and C-12 is important for biological activity.
Kaku, K.,Ikeguchi, A.,Ogino, A.,Osada, T.,Hojito, M.,Shimada, K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2004 Animal Bioscience Vol.17 No.7
In this study, we assess the recent changes in the amount of excretion by the livestock industry, and discuss the effects of increasing the ratio of cultivated land on the reduction of surplus nitrogen from a cost-performance perspective. Nitrogen has contributed to acidification of ecosystems and nitrate concentrations in groundwater, especially in Europe. Therefore, we assessed the level of nitrogen waste from the domestic Japanese livestock industry, including cattle, swine and poultry during the period 1987-2001. This assessment assumed that 40% of the nitrogen from the domestic livestock industry was emitted as gas into the air and that 60% of the nitrogen was contained in manure used on domestic cultivated land. Nitrogen excreted from livestock, excluding gas emission, decreased by 11% from 0.504 million tons to 0.447 million tons during 1993-2001. Thus, the peak period of nitrogen excretion from livestock is already past in Japan. However, the area of cultivated land under management also decreased during 1990-2000. In addition, the area of paddy and upland fields left unplanted for a year increased during 1990-2000. Therefore, if all manure from the domestic livestock industry had been utilized on the fields as organic fertilizer, but not on arable land left uncultivated for the past year, the nitrogen per net area of cultivated land would have increased by 5%, from 125 to 131 N kg/ha, during 1990-2000. To reduce the nitrogen ratio on cultivated land through the planting of feed grain to utilize the nitrogen, a comparison of the cost performance of feed grains indicated that barley would be more suitable than wheat, rice or soybean. Had barley been planted in 100% of the land left fallow for the past year in 2000, 4% (20,000 tons) of the nitrogen from livestock waste would have been used in the harvest, and the nitrogen per land unit would have not increased but decreased from 125 to 121 N kg/ha during the same decade. Furthermore, when converted into Total Digestible Nutrients, 7% of imported feed corn could have been replaced with the harvested barley in 2000. Planting barley on this fallow land had three benefits; reducing the risk of manure overload on the land, slowing down the decrease in cultivated land, and raising the feed self-sufficiency ratio. Thus, it would be beneficial to plant feed grain such as barley in land left fallow for the past year through utilization of manure.
ATM blocks tunicamycin-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress
He, L.,Kim, S.O.,Kwon, O.,Jeong, S.J.,Kim, M.S.,Lee, H.G.,Osada, H.,Jung, M.,Ahn, J.S.,Kim, B.Y. North-Holland Pub ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2009 FEBS letters Vol.583 No.5
Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER-stress) is associated with ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene. We present here conclusive data showing that ATM blocks ER-stress induced by tunicamycin or ionizing radiation (IR). X-box protein-1 (XBP-1) splicing, GRP78 expression and caspase-12 activation were increased by tunicamycin or IR in Atm-deficient AT5BIVA fibroblasts. Activation of caspase-12 and caspase-3 by tunicamycin was significantly reduced in cells transfected with wild-type Atm (AT5BIVA/wtATM). Atm knockdown by siRNA, however, noticeably elevated ER-stress and chemosensitivity to tunicamycin. In summary, we present substantial data demonstrating that ATM blocks the ER stress signaling associated with cancer cell proliferation.
Structural Changes and Microstructures of Ba1−xSrxAl2O4 for 0 < x < 0.4
E. Tanaka,Y. Ishii,H. Tsukasaki,S. Mori,M. Osada,H. Taniguchi,Y. Sato,Y. Kubota 한국물리학회 2015 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.66 No.9
We have investigated the structural changes and the microstructures of Ba1−xSrxAl2O4 for 0 < x < 0.4 by using transmission electron microscope (TEM) and synchrotron radiation powder X-ray diffraction experiments. The TEM experiments revealed the existence of a structural phase boundary at approximately x = 0.1, at which the superlattice reflection spots at the 1/2 0 0 −type positions change into diffuse streaks along three equivalent <110> directions in the hexagonal structure. In addition, real-space images of Ba1−xSrxAl2O4 for 0 < x < 0.4 reveal that BaAl2O4 should be characterized as a modulated structure with triple-q modulation vectors along the <100> directions and on the other hand, Ba1−xSrxAl2O4 for 0.1 < x < 0.4 be characterized as an intermediate (precursor) state with a rigid unit mode due to structural instability. These experimental results implied that the partial substitution of Sr2+ for Ba2+ should suppress a structural instability due to the AlO4 tetrahedral network and decrease the structural phase transition temperature.