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Temporal and Spatial PFC Temperature Profiles in KSTAR 2010
Bang, E. N.,Hong, S. H.,Kim, K. M.,Kim, H. T.,Kim, H. K.,Lee, K. S.,Jeon, Y. M.,Bak, J. G.,Yang, H. L.,Kim, W. C.,Oh, Y. S.,Chung, K. S. IEEE 2012 IEEE transactions on plasma science Vol.40 No.6
<P>In and outboard plasma facing components (PFCs) of Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) have been fully installed in 2010 for D-shaped diverted plasmas. Before the start of plasma operation, the PFCs were baked up to 200 by hot nitrogen gas circulation system to remove impurities including water. The surface temperature of the PFC tiles was monitored by 200 thermocouple sensors during the plasma operation [plasma shot or glow discharge cleaning (GDC)], and the temporal and spatial (poloidal) temperature profiles are obtained. Depending on the heat flux on each tile, the surface temperature shows time-dependent behavior. After 1-h morning He GDC, the temperature of the PFCs at the inboard side has reached to 40 . After an H-mode shot, the temperature of divertor tiles around the striking points was substantially increased. The time-averaged total heat flux after a few of L- and H-modes in 2010 was estimated to be approximately 0.010 .</P>
전동차용 IGBT형 추진제어장치의 본선시험에 관한 연구
김태완(T.Y.KIM),박건태(G.T.PARK),정만규(M.K.JEONG),고영철(Y.C.GOO),방이석(L.S.BANG) 전력전자학회 2000 전력전자학술대회 논문집 Vol.2000 No.11
This paper describes about the field test of IGBT VVVF inverter for the propulsion system, The 1650kVA class IGBT VVVF inverter has been developed. Therefore, the field test is performed in SMG 6 Line to confirm its the reliability and performance, The train consists of 4M4T and the electrical equipment for field test are as follows: VVVF inverter 4 sets, 16 traction motors and Z SNs, The propulsion system is composed with 1 C4M. The results of propulsion system which have the excellent acceleration/deceleration and the jerk characteristics as well as starting ability on slope are taken through the field test.
An, E.,Ock, C.-Y.,Kim, T.-Y.,Lee, K.-H.,Han, S.-W.,Im, S.-A.,Kim, T.-Y.,Liao, W.-L.,Cecchi, F.,Blackler, A.,Thyparambil, S.,Kim, W. H.,Burrows, J.,Hembrough, T.,Catenacci, D. V. T.,Oh, D.-Y.,Bang, Y.- KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS GROUP 2017 Annals of Oncology Vol. No.
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>Background</B></P><P>A wide range of response rates have been reported in HER2-positive gastric cancer (GC) patients treated with trastuzumab. Other HER2-targeted therapies for GC have yet to show efficacy in clinical trials. These findings raise question about the ability of standard HER2 diagnostics to accurately distinguish between GC patients who would and would not benefit from anti-HER2 therapies.</P><P><B>Patients and methods</B></P><P>GC patients (<I>n </I>=<I> </I>237), including a subset from the Trastuzumab in GC (ToGA) trial were divided into three groups based on HER2 status and history of treatment with standard chemotherapy or chemotherapy plus trastuzumab. We applied mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis to quantify HER2 protein expression in formalin-fixed tumor samples. Using HER2 expression as a continuous variable, we defined a predictive protein level cutoff to identify which patients would benefit from trastuzumab. We compared quantitated protein level with clinical outcome and HER2 status as determined by conventional HER2 diagnostics.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Quantitative proteomics detected a 115-fold range of HER2 protein expression among patients diagnosed as HER2 positive by standard methods. A protein level of 1825 amol/µg was predicted to determine benefit from the addition of trastuzumab to chemotherapy. Trastuzumab treated patients with HER2 protein levels above this cutoff had twice the median overall survival (OS) of their counterparts below the cutoff (35.0 versus 17.5 months, <I>P </I>=<I> </I>0.011). Conversely, trastuzumab-treated patients with HER2 levels below the cutoff had outcomes similar to HER2-positive patients treated with chemotherapy. (Progression-free survival = 7.0 versus 6.5 months: <I>P </I>=<I> </I>0.504; OS = 17.5 versus 12.6 months: <I>P </I>=<I> </I>0.520). HER2 levels were not prognostic for response to chemotherapy.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Proteomic analysis of HER2 expression demonstrated a quantitative cutoff that improves selection of GC patients for trastuzumab as compared with current diagnostic methods.</P>
Bang, B.H.,Ahn, C.S.,Lee, J.G.,Kim, Y.T.,Lee, M.H.,Horn, B.,Malik, D.,Thomas, K.,James, S.C.,Yarin, A.L.,Yoon, S.S. ELSEVIER 2017 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES Vol.120 No.-
Estimating pressure rise due to deflagration in a fully or partially confined space is of practical importance in safety design of a petrochemical plant. Herein, we have developed a new theoretical model to predict the pressure rise due to deflagration in both fully and partially confined spaces. First, the theoretical model was compared and validated against experimental data from the closed-space experiments with hydrogen, methane, propane, and ethane. The theory predicted accurate pressure rises near the stoichiometric regime for all fuel types; outside the stoichiometric regime, especially, for rich mixtures of hydrocarbons with air, the theory over-predicted pressure rise since it does not account for soot formation and the associated energy losses by radiation. Experimental investigation of propane and hydrogen deflagration was conducted in a partially confined space and the theory-based predictions agreed with the data up to 5%. Parametric numerical study was performed to investigate the effect of the initial pressure and temperature of gaseous fuels on pressure rise.
Facile Routes to Patterned Surface Neutralization Layers for Block Copolymer Lithography
Bang, J.,Bae, J.,Lö,wenhielm, P.,Spiessberger, C.,Given-Beck, S. A.,Russell, T. P.,Hawker, C. J. WILEY-VCH Verlag 2007 Advanced Materials Vol.19 No.24
<B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>A new crosslinking system based on azide-functionalized random copolymers has been defined for the preparation of substrates with controllable surface interactions. The azido group is used for both thermal- and photo-crosslinking, which is found to be very efficient. Furthermore, the use of UV irradiation for crosslinking enables the preparation of patterned surfaces by conventional photolithographic techniques, combining the “bottom-up” self-assembly of block copolymer strategies with traditional “top-down” photolithographic methods. <img src='wiley_img/09359648-2007-19-24-ADMA200701866-content.gif' alt='wiley_img/09359648-2007-19-24-ADMA200701866-content'> </P>
황토, 갯벌 및 머드의 중금속 흡착율에 관한 실험적 연구
이인숙(l.S.Lee),이미영(M.Y.Lee),이택중(T.J.Lee),김현정(H.J.Kim),이병창(B.C.Lee),정명상(M.S.Jeong),방은옥(E.O.Bang),송현실(H.S.Song),황혜경(H.K.Hwang),이중호(J.H.Lee),조영채(Y.C.Cho) 대한환경위생공학회 2004 대한환경위생공학회지 Vol.19 No.2
Yellow loess, Tidal plat sediment, and mud are known to be high in adsorption though they have great distinction according to the ratio of clay minerals content and their kinds. Thus one of the samples for this study can be obtained by drying of Yellow loess, Tidal plat sediment, and the mud which is semifinished products that are from the progress of heat treatment and making homogeneity which can be found everywhere in our country. Another sample can be prepared by reducing pollutants with the adsorbent and by burning heavy metals of their own. With the samples, noxious heavy metals such as Pb, Cd, and essential trace elements such as Cu, Fe, Mn by each concentration is tested for adsorption according to pH, the kinds of adsorbents and the amount of injection. With the help of these steps, this study shows that the adsorbents, which are green, reducing the additional pollution and low in price, can be found. It also shows that the optimal condition for removing pollutants can be found and the basic materials for treating water can be offered. The results were as follows;<br/> Yellow loess shows the rates of adsorption by more than 50% and Tidal plat sediment and Mud show it by more than 90%. Thus Tidal plat sediment and Mud are higher than Yellow loess the rates of adsorption.<br/> The pH should be treated in natural condition because the rates of adsorption of Pb, Cd, Cu, Mn excepting Fe in mud is higher in pH 7 than in pH 3 of Yellow loess, Tidal plat sediment, and Mud.<br/> The drying adsorbents are good to use because the rates of adsorption of heavy metals has tendency to be higher in the drying method than in the burning method.<br/> It is considered that the more the amount of the injection of the adsorbent is , the higher the rates of adsorption is, and one gram is reasonable for the amount of the injection of Tidal plat sediment and mud.<br/> Yellow loess is suitable for the treatment of the water that includes low concentration of heavy metals because it has the lower rate of adsorption as the concentration of noxious heavy metals is higher.<br/> It is thought that Tidal plat sediment and Mud is proper for the treatment of the water that includes high concentration of heavy metals because the rates of adsorption has not been changed as the concentration of heavy metals increases.