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Yoo, Ki-Yeon,Yoo, Dae Young,Hwang, In Koo,Park, Joon Ha,Lee, Choong Hyun,Choi, Jung Hoon,Kwon, Seung-Hae,Her, Song,Lee, Yun Lyul,Won, Moo-Ho Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers 2011 Neurochem Res Vol.36 No.12
<P>Innate immune system is very important to modulate the host defense against a large variety of pathogens. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a key role in controlling innate immune response. Among TLRs, TLR4 is a specific receptor for lipopolysaccharide and associated with the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In the present study, we investigated ischemia-related changes of TLR4 immunoreactivity and its protein level, and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65 immunoreactivity regarding inflammatory responses in the hippocampal CA1 region after 5 min of transient cerebral ischemia to identify the correlation between transient ischemia and inflammation. In the sham-operated group, TLR4 immunoreactivity was easily detected in pyramidal neurons of the hippocampal CA1 region (CA1). TLR4 immunoreactivity in pyramidal neurons was distinctively decreased after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R); instead, based on double immunofluorescence study, TLR4 immunoreactivity was expressed in non-pyramidal neurons and astrocytes from 2 days postischemia. In addition, TLR4 protein level was lowest at 1 day postischemia and highest 4 days after I/R. On the other hand, NF-κB p65 immunoreactivity was not detected in the CA1 of the sham-operated group, and NF-κB p65 immunoreactivity was not observed until 1 day after I/R. However, NF-κB p65 immunoreactivity began to be expressed in astrocytes at 2 days postischemia, and the immunoreactivity was strong 4 days postischemia. Our results indicate that TLR4 and NF-κB p65 immunoreactivity are changed in CA1 pyramidal neurons and newly expressed in astrocytes, not in microglia, in the CA1 region after transient cerebral ischemia.</P>
Jung Hoon Choi,Chung Hyun Lee,Ki-Yeon Yoo,Moo-Ho Won,In Koo Hwang,Yun Lyul Lee,Hyung-Cheul Shin 한국실험동물학회 2009 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.25 No.1
The aim of the present study was to determine the distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP) in the gerbil cerebellum by immunohistochemical method. After injection of colchicine into the lateral ventricle, CGRP and SP immunoreactions were detected in Purkinje cells and their dendrites. We also examined the colocalization of these neurotransmitters in Purkinje cells in consecutive sections. About 20% of CGRP immunoreactive Purkinje cells colocalized with SP contained Purkinje cells in the gerbil cerebellum. These results suggest that CGRP and SP may have a potential for playing a complex role in modulating circuitry in the cerebellar cortex of the gerbil.