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Genetic characterization of porcine circovirus-2 field isolates from PMWS pigs
Young S. Lyoo,YoungS.Lyoo 대한수의학회 2002 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.3 No.1
PMWS is a new emerging disease in swine herdsworldwide. Field isolates of PCV-2, a putative majorcausative agent of PMWS, were isolated and geneticalycharacterized. Viral genome of two field isolates(PC201DJ and PC201SS) from pigs showing typicalPMWS was equenced. The nucleotide sequence homologywith other PCV-2 isolates was ranging from 95% to99% in complete viral genomic sequence. The highlywas identical to that of other PCV-2 isolates. Todetermine the genetic heterogeneity of PCV-2 isolates,t h e p h y l o g e n e t i c t r e e b a s e d o n t h e c o m p l e t e g e n o m eof PCV-2 isolates were constructed. Two PCV-2 fieldisolates were closely related to Canadian isolates ofPCV-2. PCV-2 isolated from field may have an originof North America nd is posibly originated fromimportation of breding stocks. The result indicatesthat although the genome of PCV-2 is relatively stablein general, minor genetic variations exist amongPCV-2 isolates from the diferent geographic locations.important implication for genetic characteristics ofPCV-2 infection. Thre major imunorelevant epitopesof capsid protein showed variations in amino acidsequences. Also, the variance of amino acid sequencein antigenic epitope xisted betwen two KoreanPCV-2 isolates.
Virulence of a novel reassortant canine H3N2 influenza virus in ferret, dog and mouse models
Lyoo, K. S.,Na, W.,Yeom, M.,Jeong, D. G.,Kim, C. U.,Kim, J. K.,Song, D. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 Archives of virology Vol.161 No.7
<P>An outbreak of a canine influenza virus (CIV) H3N2 reassortant derived from pandemic (pdm) H1N1 and CIV H3N2 in companion animals has underscored the urgent need to monitor CIV infections for potential zoonotic transmission of influenza viruses to humans. In this study, we assessed the virulence of a novel CIV H3N2 reassortant, VC378, which was obtained from a dog that was coinfected with pdm H1N1 and CIV H3N2, in ferrets, dogs, and mice. Significantly enhanced virulence of VC378 was demonstrated in mice, although the transmissibility and pathogenicity of VC378 were similar to those of classical H3N2 in ferrets and dogs. This is notable because mice inoculated with an equivalent dose of classical CIV H3N2 showed no clinical signs and no lethality. We found that the PA and NS gene segments of VC378 were introduced from pdmH1N1, and these genes included the amino acid substitutions PA-P224S and NS-I123V, which were previously found to be associated with increased virulence in mice. Thus, we speculate that the natural reassortment between pdm H1N1 and CIV H3N2 can confer virulence and that continuous surveillance is needed to monitor the evolution of CIV in companion animals.</P>
Lyoo, Won Seok,Yeum, Jeong Hyun,Park, Joo Min,Kwak, Jin Woo,Kim, Joon Ho,Kim, Sam Soo,Ji, Byung Chul,Noh, Seok Kyun Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2005 Journal of applied polymer science Vol.96 No.4
<P>To precisely identify the effect of molecular weight of atactic poly(vinyl alcohol) (a-PVA) on the durability and polarizing efficiency (PE) of a-PVA/dye polarizing film, we prepared two (a-PVA)s with similar syndiotactic diad contents of 54.0%, degrees of saponification of 99.9%, and with different number-average degrees of polymerization [(P<SUB>n</SUB>)s] of 1700 and 4000, respectively. Through a series of experiments, it was found that molecular weight of a-PVA had a significant influence on the durability of a-PVA/dye film in heat and humidity conditions (relative humidity of 80% and temperature of 90°C). That is, both desorption of dye in a-PVA/dye film and transmittance of film decreased with increasing molecular weight of PVA. The change of PE (durability) of a-PVA/dye film in heat and humidity conditions was limited to about below 5%. The change of PE of PVA/dye film having P<SUB>n</SUB> of 4000 especially was limited to 1%, whereas that of a-PVA/iodine film with P<SUB>n</SUB> of 4000, was almost 80% under the same condition. Also, transmittance of the drawn a-PVA/dye film was far higher than that of the undrawn one. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 967–974, 2005</P>
Lyoo, Chul Hyoung,Aalto, Sargo,Rinne, Juha O,Lee, Ki Ook,Oh, Seung Hun,Chang, Jin Woo,Lee, Myung Sik Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2007 Movement disorders Vol.22 No.15
<P>Inconsistent response in freezing of gait (FOG) with levodopa treatment or STN DBS makes the pathogenesis difficult to understand. We studied brain areas associated with the expression of STN DBS effect on parkinsonian motor deficits and FOG. Ten Parkinson's disease patients with typical FOG were included. One month before STN DBS, we performed [<SUP>18</SUP>F]-deoxyglucose PET scans and measured the UPDRS motor and modified FOG (mFOG) scores during levodopa off and on periods. At two months after STN DBS, same rating scores were measured. The percentage improvement of mFOG and UPDRS motor scores by STN DBS during levodopa off period was calculated. We searched for brain areas in which glucose metabolism correlated with the improvement of mFOG and UPDRS motor scores by DBS. During levodopa off period, STN DBS improved the UPDRS motor scores by 32.3% and the mFOG scores by 56.6%. There was no correlation between the improvements of both scores. The improvement of UPDRS motor score by DBS correlated with the metabolic activities of rostral supplementary motor area (Brodmann's area 8; BA8), anterior cingulate cortex (BA32), and prefrontal cortex (BA9). On the other hand, there was a positive correlation between the improvement of mFOG score by DBS and the metabolic activity of the parietal, occipital, and temporal sensory association cortices. In conclusion, dysfunction of different cerebral cortical areas limits the beneficial effects of DBS on parkinsonian motor deficits and FOG. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society</P>
Lyoo, Chul Hyoung,Ryu, Young Hoon,Lee, Myung Sik Springer-Verlag [etc.] 2011 Journal of neurology: Zeitschrift für Neurolo Vol.258 No.10
<P>The pathology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is not confined to the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway, but also involves widespread cerebral cortical areas. Such non-nigrostriatal lesions may contribute to disabling dopa-resistant parkinsonian motor deficits. We performed cortical thickness analysis to identify cerebral cortical brain areas in which thickness correlates with the severity of parkinsonian motor deficits. We performed T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging studies in 142 PD patients. Motor scores on the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) were measured, and subscores were calculated for bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor, and axial motor deficits. Using FreeSurfer software, we studied cortical areas in which thickness correlates with disease duration or the severity of parkinsonian motor deficits. The cortical thickness of the parieto-temporal association cortex, including the inferior parietal and posterior parietal cortices, showed a negative correlation with disease duration, total UPDRS motor score, and UPDRS subscores for bradykinesia and axial motor deficits. We found no cortical areas in which thickness correlated with subscores for tremor and rigidity. In addition to nigrostriatal dopaminergic deficit, progressive thinning of the parieto-temporal sensory association cortices related to disease duration seems to be related in part to the exacerbation of bradykinesia and the axial motor symptoms of PD.</P>
Lyoo, Hwang-Tae 동의대학교 인문사회연구소 2004 인간과 문화 연구 Vol.- No.9
The Transcendentalist Controversy in the mid 19th century in America is a conflict in the Unitarian sect. The Unitarians who called themselves liberals challenged the authority of Christianity with the spirit of free inquiry and free expression. Among them more radical Transcendentalist ministers denied the authority of Jesus, the Bible and the church by assailing the miracles in the Bible which were based on the authority of "sense" of John Locke's empiricism. Their new epistemological basis was "intuition" which was originated from German idealism, especially that of Kant. Even though Unitarians had successfully protected their version of Christianity from Theodore Parker's Absolute Religion, it has eventually flowed into Parker's direction to the blink of losing the characteristics of Christianity. It seems to be a sect of humanism. Thus, the main concern will be the matter of its survival as religion. However, there are many positive contributions of the Unitarian tradition to the civilization of America. It is liberalization and democratization in religion with the spirit of Yankee. It contributed to the flowering of American literature and many other fields. It also shows a possibility of the communication between Christianity and eastern religions, especially Zen Buddhism.
Lyoo, Won Seok,Yeum, Jeong Hyun,Kwon, Oh Wook,Shin, Dong Soo,Han, Sung Soo,Kim, Byoung Chul,Jeon, Han Yong,Noh, Seok Kyun Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2006 Journal of applied polymer science Vol.102 No.4
<P>To identify the effect of blend ratios of syndiotacticity-rich poly(vinyl alcohol) (s-PVA)/atactic PVA (a-PVA) having similar number-average degrees of polymerization (P<SUB>n</SUB>)s of 4000 and degrees of saponification (DS)s of 99.9% on the rheological properties of s-PVA/a-PVA/water solutions, water-soluble s-PVA and a-PVA with different syndiotactic diad contents of 58.5 and 54.0%, respectively, were prepared by bulk copolymerization of vinyl pivalate and vinyl acetate (VAc) and solution polymerization of VAc, followed by saponifying the corresponding copoly(vinyl pivalate/vinyl acetate) and poly(vinyl acetate). The blend ratios played a significant role in rheological behavior. Over the frequency range of 10<SUP>−1</SUP>–10<SUP>2</SUP> rad/s, s-PVA/a-PVA blend solutions with larger s-PVA content show more shear thinning at similar (P<SUB>n</SUB>)s and (DS)s of polymer, suggesting that PVA molecules are more readily oriented as s-PVA content increases. Yield stress is higher for s-PVA/a-PVA blend solutions with larger s-PVA content at similar (P<SUB>n</SUB>)s and (DS)s of polymer. This indicates that more domains with internal order are produced at larger s-PVA content in s-PVA/a-PVA blend solutions. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 3934–3939, 2006</P>