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LU X.,HUANG Z.,ZHANG W.,LI D. The Korean Society of Automotive Engineers 2005 International journal of automotive technology Vol.6 No.1
The purpose of this paper is to experimentally investigate the engine pollutant emissions and combustion characteristics of diesel engine fueled with ethanol-diesel blended fuel (bio-diesohol). The experiments were performed on a single-cylinder DI diesel engine. Two blend fuels were consisted of $15\%$ ethanol, $83.5\%$ diesel and $1.5\%$ solublizer (by volume) were evaluated: one without cetane improver (E15-D) and one with a cetane improver (E15-D+CN improver). The engine performance parameters and emissions including fuel consumption, exhaust temperature, lubricating oil temperature, Bosch smoke number, CO, NOx, and THC were measured, and compared to the baseline diesel fuel. In order to gain insight into the combustion characteristics of bio-diesohol blends, the engine combustion processes for blended fuels and diesel fuel were observed using an Engine Video System (AVL 513). The results showed that the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) increased at overall engine operating conditions, but it is worth noting that the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) increased by up to $1-2.3\%$ with two blends when compared to diesel fuel. It is found that the engine fueled with ethanol-diesel blend fuels has higher emissions of THC, lower emissions of CO, NOx, and smoke. And the results also indicated that the cetane improver has positive effects on CO and NOx emissions, but negative effect on THC emission. Based on engine combustion visualization, it is found that ignition delay increased, combustion duration and the luminosity of flame decreased for the diesohol blends. The combustion is improved when the CN improver was added to the blend fuel.
Lupus Risk Variant Increases pSTAT1 Binding and Decreases ETS1 Expression
Lu, X.,Zoller, Erin E.,Weirauch, Matthew T.,Wu, Z.,Namjou, B.,Williams, Adrienne H.,Ziegler, Julie T.,Comeau, Mary E.,Marion, Miranda C.,Glenn, Stuart B.,Adler, A.,Shen, N.,Nath, Swapan K.,Stevens, An University of Chicago Press [etc.] 2015 American journal of human genetics Vol.96 No.5
Genetic variants at chromosomal region 11q23.3, near the gene ETS1, have been associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), or lupus, in independent cohorts of Asian ancestry. Several recent studies have implicated ETS1 as a critical driver of immune cell function and differentiation, and mice deficient in ETS1 develop an SLE-like autoimmunity. We performed a fine-mapping study of 14,551 subjects from multi-ancestral cohorts by starting with genotyped variants and imputing to all common variants spanning ETS1. By constructing genetic models via frequentist and Bayesian association methods, we identified 16 variants that are statistically likely to be causal. We functionally assessed each of these variants on the basis of their likelihood of affecting transcription factor binding, miRNA binding, or chromatin state. Of the four variants that we experimentally examined, only rs6590330 differentially binds lysate from B cells. Using mass spectrometry, we found more binding of the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) to DNA near the risk allele of rs6590330 than near the non-risk allele. Immunoblot analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation of pSTAT1 in B cells heterozygous for rs6590330 confirmed that the risk allele increased binding to the active form of STAT1. Analysis with expression quantitative trait loci indicated that the risk allele of rs6590330 is associated with decreased ETS1 expression in Han Chinese, but not other ancestral cohorts. We propose a model in which the risk allele of rs6590330 is associated with decreased ETS1 expression and increases SLE risk by enhancing the binding of pSTAT1.
Wei Hu,Jing Wang,Ian McHardy,Renate Lux,Zhe Yang,Yuezhong Li,Wenyuan Shi 한국미생물학회 2012 The journal of microbiology Vol.50 No.2
Exopolysaccharide (EPS) of Myxococcus xanthus is a wellregulated cell surface component. In addition to its known functions for social motility and fruiting body formation on solid surfaces, EPS has also been proposed to play a role in multi-cellular clumping in liquid medium, though this phenomenon has not been well studied. In this report, we confirmed that M. xanthus clumps formed in liquid were correlated with EPS levels and demonstrated that the EPS encased cell clumps exhibited biofilm-like structures. The clumps protected the cells at physiologically relevant EPS concentrations, while cells lacking EPS exhibited significant reduction in long-term viability and resistance to stressful conditions. However, excess EPS production was counterproductive to vegetative growth and viable cell recovery declined in extended late stationary phase as cells became trapped in the matrix of clumps. Therefore, optimal EPS production by M. xanthus is important for normal physiological functions in liquid.
The reaction kinetics of CO2 methanation on a bifunctional Ni/MgO catalyst
A. Loder,M. Siebenhofer,S. Lux 한국공업화학회 2020 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.85 No.-
A bifunctional Ni/MgO catalyst was prepared to catalyze CO2 methanation and make use of CO2 as anabundant hydrogen storage facility. The effect of Ni loading and MgO quality on the rate of methanationwas tested in a temperature range of 533–648 K. The Ni loading was varied between 0 to 27 wt.% onMgO. To investigate the impact of matrix elements, a MgO/CaO support was tested with 21 wt.%. nickelloading. Further, the role of MgO in the bifunctional catalyst was proven. The reaction kinetics wasmodeled with a Langmuir–Hinshelwood approach considering the bifunctional character of thecatalyst. Nickel provides the adsorbent capacity for hydrogen and is highly selective for methane. MgOactivates CO2 through chemisorption. Increasing Ni loading of the catalyst increased the rate of CO2conversion. According to the results, the mechanism of CO2 methanation did not change with Niloading. The Ni/MgO catalyst acted as a robust, active and highly selective catalyst for CO2methanation. With CO2 conversion of 87%, the selectivity to methane was99%. Besides excellent catalytic activitythe catalysts suffice the necessity of simple catalyst preparation, usage and recyclability for industrialapplicability of CO2 methanation.
Crystal growth from melt in combined heater-magnet modules
Rudolph, P.,Czupalla, M.,Dropka, N.,Frank-Rotsch, Ch.,KieBling, F.M.,Klein, O.,Lux, B.,Miller, W.,Rehse, U.,Root, O. The Korea Association of Crystal Growth 2009 韓國結晶成長學會誌 Vol.19 No.5
Many concepts of external magnetic field applications in crystal growth processes have been developed to control melt convection, impurity content and growing interface shape. Especially, travelling magnetic fields (TMF) are of certain advantages. However, strong shielding effects appear when the TMF coils are placed outside the growth vessel. To achieve a solution of industrial relevance within the framework of the $KRISTMAG^{(R)}$ project inner heater-magnet modules(HMM) for simultaneous generation of temperature and magnetic field have been developed. At the same time, as the temperature is controlled as usual, e.g. by DC, the characteristics of the magnetic field can be adjusted via frequency, phase shift of the alternating current (AC) and by changing the amplitude via the AC/DC ratio. Global modelling and dummy measurements were used to optimize and validate the HMM configuration and process parameters. GaAs and Ge single crystals with improved parameters were grown in HMM-equipped industrial liquid encapsulated Czochralski (LEC) puller and commercial vertical gradient freeze (VGF) furnace, respectively. The vapour pressure controlled Czochralski (VCz) variant without boric oxide encapsulation was used to study the movement of floating particles by the TMF-driven vortices.