Modified Ethanol Atmosphere to Control Decay of Table Grapes during Storage

Susan Lurie,Tanya Kaplonov,Yohanan Zutahy,Amnon Lichter 한국원예학회 2006 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-

世界의 文字史와 『萬葉集』

데이비드 바넷 루리(David Barnett Lurie),이병호(번역자) 한국목간학회 2016 목간과 문자 Vol.0 No.16

본고는 세계 문자사의 입장에서 『만엽집(萬葉集)』의 표기 방식에 관해 소개하면서 특히 『만엽집』의 表音과 表語 표기에 주목하여 그 특징과 역사성을 논하였다. 본고의 서론에서는 『만엽집』에 보이는 쓰기의 다양성, 표음문자와 표어문자라는 시각에 대해 소개하였다. 2장에서는 세계 문자사의 전통적인 사관에서 ‘표어’와 ‘표음’의 관계를 논하였다. 이 장에서는 표어에서 표음으로 진화한다는 인식이 가진 문제점과 알파벳=문명이라는 신화가 만들어지는 과정, 세계 문자사를 표어에서 표음으로 진화한다는 도식으로는 설명할 수 없음을 밝혔다. 3장에서는 표음으로 진화한다는 개념을 일본에 적용시키는 과정을 설명하였다. 20세기 중엽 알파넷 역사 연구의 권위자인 디링거 사관이 가진 한계와 일본의 문자사를 ‘동양사에서의 비극’으로 평가한 산섬의 견해, 언문일치가 결코 당연하지 않다는 것에 관한 설명, 그리고 일본의 복잡한 문자체계에 관한 새로운 관점의 평가 필요성 등을 언급하였다. 4장에서는 『만엽집』이 세계 문자사 연구에서 가지는 의미에 관해 설명하였다. 먼저 『만엽집』에는 표어문자 주체의 쓰기 보다는 표음문자 주체의 쓰기가 많다는 점을 확인하고, 1970~80년대에 표어문자 주체에서 표음문자로 변화하는 것으로 보는 것이 정설이었음을 언급하였다. 하지만 1990년대 중반부터 우타목간(歌木簡)이 발견되면서 표음문자 주체의 쓰기가 더 먼저 출현했다는 것이 확인되면서 기존의 정설이 바뀌게 되었음을 논하였다. 그리고 『만엽집』에서 쓰기는 다양한 요인에 의해 표어문자로 쓰기도 하고 표음문자로 쓰기도 했으며, 표음문자 쓰기가 매우 다양했음을 밝히고 있다. 그리고 향후에는 표음문자의 사용보다는 표어문자의 배제라는 문제가 중요한 과제라는 점을 언급하였다. Until recently, studies of the history of writing were shaped by the assumption that it continually evolved toward greater phonography. Ancient scripts—Mesopotamian, Egyptian, Chinese, and Mayan—had pictographic origins, but developed logographs(word-signs) as they became fully functioning writing systems. In those early systems, logographs were accompanied by phonographic indications of the sounds of language, whether as separate graphs or as components of compound graphs, but most later-developing scripts are largely or entirely phonographic. Since the early modern period, western scholars saw this progression towards greater phonography as an evolution towards more efficient and rational methods of writing, culminating in the development of the Latin alphabet. Less phonographic scripts, and especially those that maintained large logographic components, were accordingly seen as inferior and backward products of cultural interference with this “natural” evolutionary process. Contemporary scholarship has called into question much of this narrative. There are many cases of scripts progressing toward greater phonography, but there are also numerous examples of the persistence of logography, or even of shifts toward greater logography. Notions of the alphabet as a uniquely superior system of writing, or as the culmination of evolution toward greater efficiency and rationality, are products of Eurocentric models of human history rather than neutral descriptions of the principles of inscription. One of the great counter-examples to the old narrative of progression towards greater phonography is provided by the early Japanese experience of writing, especially as exemplified in the voluminous 8th century poetry anthology, the Man’yōshū. The poetry of this anthology is written in a variety of styles, from purely(or nearly purely) logographic, to a mixture of logographic and phonographic, to purely phonographic. Under the influence of the now outmoded evolutionary paradigm for writing in general, scholars of the Man’yōshū once saw this variety as the product of a historical development toward phonography, but this perspective was overturned by late 20th and early 21st century archaeological discoveries of all-phonograph poems that predate the compilation of the anthology itself. It is now clear that the variety of this work, and more generally of premodern Japanese inscription in general, was the product of complex decisions made by authors and scribes who selected among multiple co-existing styles of inscription, corresponding to different textual genres and modes of literacy. In this context there were rational reasons to preserve, or even to increase, the logographic components of writing.

개념의 위계수준과 심리적 본질주의 : 기본수준 그리고 속성간 상관관계

이루리,신현정 심리과학연구소 2005 심리과학연구 Vol.4 No.-

본 연구는 개념 위계상에서 기본 수준과 심리적 본질주의의 관계를 정량적으로 규명하고자 하였다. 기본수준은 위계 내에서 가장 응집적인 수준이라고 알려져 있으며 심리적 본질주의는 사람들은 실제로 대상이 본질을 갖고 있는지에 상관없이 마치 자연물이 어떠한 본질을 갖고 있는 것처럼 생각하고 행동한다는 것을 말한다. 만약 대상이 본질을 갖고 있다면 이것은 직접적으로 지각될 수 없으므로 사람들은 표면 특질을 가지고 추론하여야 한다. 따라서 속성끼리는 어떤 상관을 갖게 되며 이러한 상관의 강도는 가장 응집적인 수준인 기본수준에서 가장 높을 것이다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 상관관계와 강도를 속성 a에 대한 단순확률 P(a)와 어떤 속성이 주어졌을 때의 속성 a에 대한 조건확률 P(a|b) 비의 전체 합이라고 조직적으로 정의하였다. 참가자들은 상위수준, 기본수준, 하위수준의 각 속성들에 대해 단순확률과 조건확률을 추정하였다. 기본수준에서 각 속성들의 상관강도는 가장 높았으므로 결과는 가설을 지지하였다. 연구의 의의와 한계점은 논의에 언급되었다. This study was conducted to quantitatively verify a relationship between basic level in the conceptual hierarchy and the view of psychological essentialism. The basic level has been known as the most coherent level. The psychological essentialism argues that people think about and act to natural objects as if they have any essence(s) regardless of whether they really have the essences or not. And if people really assume that the external attributes are originated from the essences, they perceive correlated structures among the external attributes and the correlational strength should be the strongest in the basic level because the basic level is psychologically basic. In this study, correlational strength among the attributes in a concept was operationally defined as a sum of ratio between a simple probability of as attribute(P(a)) and a conditional probability of that attribute given another attribute(P(a|b)). Participants estimated the simple probabilities and the conditional probabilities of the attributes relevant to superordinate basic and, subordinate level natural concepts. The results showed that the correlational strength among the attributes is the strongest in basic level concepts and those of superordinate and subordinate level concepts are indifferent.

Chronic osteitic rhinosinusitis as a manifestation of cystic fibrosis: A case report

Jadhav, Aniket B.,Lurie, Alan G.,Tadinada, Aditya Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology 2014 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.44 No.3

A 28-year-old male patient with a history of cystic fibrosis (CF) was referred to the University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine for an evaluation of a cystic lesion in the right maxilla using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). CF is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by an abnormal production of viscous mucus, affecting the mucociliary clearance. The CBCT scan revealed a large cystic lesion in the right maxilla extending from the right maxillary second molar to the midline in the region of the right central incisor with a significant buccal expansion. Further evaluation revealed complete opacification of the paranasal sinuses with medial bulging of the lateral maxillary sinus walls. The maxillary and sphenoid sinuses also appeared hypoplastic. The peculiar finding seen in this case was the presence of marked sclerosis and an increase in the thickness of the adjacent bony framework. This report aimed to describe the common sinonasal findings associated with CF and its underlying pathophysiology.

Evaluation of linear measurements of implant sites based on head orientation during acquisition: An ex vivo study using cone-beam computed tomography

Sabban, Hanadi,Mahdian, Mina,Dhingra, Ajay,Lurie, Alan G.,Tadinada, Aditya Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology 2015 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.45 No.2

Purpose: This study evaluated the effect of various head orientations during cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) image acquisition on linear measurements of potential implant sites. Materials and Methods: Six dry human skulls with a total of 28 implant sites were evaluated for seven different head orientations. The scans were acquired using a Hitachi CB-MercuRay CBCT machine. The scanned volumes were reconstructed. Horizontal and vertical measurements were made and were compared to measurements made after simulating the head position to corrected head angulations. Data was analyzed using a two-way ANOVA test. Results: Statistical analysis revealed a significant interaction between the mean errors in vertical measurements with a marked difference observed at the extension head position (P<0.05). Statistical analysis failed to yield any significant interaction between the mean errors in horizontal measurements at various head positions. Conclusion: Head orientation could significantly affect the vertical measurements in CBCT scans. The main head position influencing the measurements is extension.

Chronic osteitic rhinosinusitis as a manifestation of cystic fibrosis: A case report

Aniket B. Jadhav,Alan G. Lurie,Aditya Tadinada 대한영상치의학회 2014 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.44 No.3

A 28-year-old male patient with a history of cystic fibrosis (CF) was referred to the University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine for an evaluation of a cystic lesion in the right maxilla using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). CF is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by an abnormal production of viscous mucus, affecting the mucociliary clearance. The CBCT scan revealed a large cystic lesion in the right maxilla extending from the right maxillary second molar to the midline in the region of the right central incisor with a significant buccal expansion. Further evaluation revealed complete opacification of the paranasal sinuses with medial bulging of the lateral maxillary sinus walls. The maxillary and sphenoid sinuses also appeared hypopla tic. The peculiar finding seen in this case was the presence of marked sclerosis and an increase in the thickness of the adjacent bony framework. This report aimed to describe the common sinonasal findings associated with CF and its underlying pathophysiology.

Clival lesion incidentally discovered on cone-beam computed tomography: A case report and review of the literature

Jadhav, Aniket B.,Tadinada, Aditya,Rengasamy, Kandasamy,Fellows, Douglas,Lurie, Alan G. Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology 2014 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.44 No.2

An osteolytic lesion with a small central area of mineralization and sclerotic borders was discovered incidentally in the clivus on the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) of a 27-year-old male patient. This benign appearance indicated a primary differential diagnosis of non-aggressive lesions such as fibro-osseous lesions and arrested pneumatization. Further, on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the lesion showed a homogenously low T1 signal intensity with mild internal enhancement after post-gadolinium and a heterogeneous T2 signal intensity. These signal characteristics might be attributed to the fibrous tissues, chondroid matrix, calcific material, or cystic component of the lesion; thus, chondroblastoma and chondromyxoid fibroma were added to the differential diagnosis. Although this report was limited by the lack of final diagnosis and the patient lost to follow-up, the incidental skull base finding would be important for interpreting the entire volume of CBCT by a qualified oral and maxillofacial radiologist.

Incidental findings of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis and its variability based on age and sex

Adel Alzahrani,Sumit Yadav,Vaibhav Gandhi,Alan G. Lurie,Aditya Tadinada 대한영상치의학회 2020 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.50 No.3

Purpose: This study investigated the prevalence of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA) using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders image analysis criteria, assessed the severity of incidental osteoarthritic changes affecting the TMJ, and evaluated the correlations of sex and age with the prevalence and severity of TMJ-OA. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study assessed 145 randomly selected cone-beam computed tomography scans (261 TMJs) from the authors’ institutional maxillofacial radiology archive following the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The criteria described by Ahmad et al. were used to determine whether each TMJ was affected by OA, and the severity of the osteoarthritic changes was scored for each joint based on the method described by Alexiou et al. The chi-square, McNemar, Bhapkar chi-square, and Stuart-Maxwell chi-square tests were applied to evaluate the significance of the relationships between variables (age and sex). Results: Sixteen TMJs (6.1%) had no OA, 74 (28.6%) were indeterminate for OA, and 171 (65.5%) had OA. Flattening and sclerosis were observed in 86.6% and 12.3% of cases, respectively, while resorption was observed in 7.3% of the joints. Only 21 (8.1%) of the examined TMJs had subchondral cysts. Erosion of the articular eminence was observed in 58 (22.1%) cases, while sclerosis and resorption were found in 68 (25.9%) and 16 (6.1%) TMJs, respectively. Conclusion: Female patients had a higher prevalence and severity of TMJ-OA than male patients. The prevalence and severity of TMJ-OA increased with age, with peaks in the fifth and seventh decades of life.

Clival lesion incidentally discovered on cone-beam computed tomography: A case report and review of the literature

Aniket B. Jadhav,Aditya Tadinada,Kandasamy Rengasamy,Douglas Fellows,Alan G. Lurie 대한영상치의학회 2014 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.44 No.2

An osteolytic lesion with a small central area of mineralization and sclerotic borders was discovered incidentally in the clivus on the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) of a 27-year-old male patient. This benign appearance indicated a primary differential diagnosis of non-aggressive lesions such as fibro-osseous lesions and arrested pneumatization. Further, on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the lesion showed a homogenously low T1 signal intensity with mild internal enhancement after post-gadolinium and a heterogeneous T2 signal intensity. These signal characteristics might be attributed to the fibrous tissues, chondroid matrix, calcific material, or cystic component of the lesion; thus, chondroblastoma and chondromyxoid fibroma were added to the differential diagnosis. Although this report was limited by the lack of final diagnosis and the patient lost to follow-up, the incidental skull base finding would be important for interpreting the entire volume of CBCT by a qualified oral and maxillofacial radiologist.

Evaluation of linear measurements of implant sites based on head orientation during acquisition: An ex vivo study using cone-beam computed tomography

Hanadi Sabban,Mina Mahdian,Ajay Dhingra,Alan G. Lurie,Aditya Tadinada 대한영상치의학회 2015 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.45 No.2

Purpose: This study evaluated the effect of various head orientations during cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) image acquisition on linear measurements of potential implant sites. Materials and Methods: Six dry human skulls with a total of 28 implant sites were evaluated for seven different head orientations. The scans were acquired using a Hitachi CB-MercuRay CBCT machine. The scanned volumes were reconstructed. Horizontal and vertical measurements were made and were compared to measurements made after simulating the head position to corrected head angulations. Data was analyzed using a two-way ANOVA test. Results: Statistical analysis revealed a significant interaction between the mean errors in vertical measurements with a marked difference observed at the extension head position (P<0.05). Statistical analysis failed to yield any significant interaction between the mean errors in horizontal measurements at various head positions. Conclusion: Head orientation could significantly affect the vertical measurements in CBCT scans. The main head position influencing the measurements is extension.