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Targeted Genome Editing, an Alternative Tool for Trait Improvement in Horticultural Crops
Saminathan Subburaj,Luhua Tu,진용태,배상수,서필준,정유진,이긍주 한국원예학회 2016 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.57 No.6
Improving crops through plant breeding, an important approach for sustainable agriculture, has been utilized to increase the yield and quality of foods and other biomaterials for human use. Crops, including cereals, vegetables, ornamental flowers, fruits, and trees, have long been cultivated to produce high-quality products for human consumption. Conventional breeding technologies, such as natural cross-hybridization, mutation induction through physical or chemical mutagenesis, and modern transgenic tools are often used to enhance crop production. However, these breeding methods are sometimes laborious and complicated, especially when attempting to improve desired traits without inducing pleiotropic effects. Recently, targeted genome editing (TGE) technology using engineered nucleases, including meganucleases, zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) nucleases, has been used to improve the traits of economically important plants. TGE has emerged as a novel plant-breeding tool that represents an alternative approach to classical breeding, but with higher mutagenic efficiency. Here, we briefly describe the basic principles of TGE and the types of engineered nucleases utilized, along with their advantages and disadvantages. We also discuss their potential use to improve the traits of horticultural crops through genome engineering.
Subburaj, Saminathan,Jeon, Yongsam,Tu, Luhua,Jin, Yong-Tae,Kumari, Shipra,Lee, Geung-Joo Nijhoff/Junk 2018 Plant growth regulation Vol.86 No.1
<P>Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of RNA regulatory molecules having roles in wide range of biological processes. They have been demonstrated to regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional and transcriptional levels and to function in stress responses in plants and animals, but nothing is known about lncRNAs in Camelina (Camelina sativa L.), an emerging oil crop. Here, we report the first prediction of lncRNAs in the Camelina genome using comprehensive genomic approaches. We examined a Camelina drought stress cDNA library, and 5390 candidate Camelina sativa lncRNAs (CsalncRNAs) were identified, including 670 sense, 692 antisense, 1347 intergenic, and 2681 intronic harboring CsalncRNAs. The identified CsalncRNAs had an average nucleotide (nt) length of 497 bp and were mapped on each chromosome of C. sativa. Functional characterization through gene ontology (GO) and GO motif (GOMo) analysis of neighboring protein coding (PC) genes and motifs in the intergenic CsalncRNAs, respectively, indicated that these CsalncRNAs were involved in transcription-related activity, proteins, DNA and RNA binding, and abiotic/biotic stress response. Approximately 4.6% of CsalncRNA sequences were masked as repeat elements enriched with many repetitive sequences of transposable elements (TE), indicating the involvement of transposon silencing. Additionally, 55 intergenic CsalncRNAs were predicted as targets of miRNA, whereas nine target mimics were identified. Expression profiling of seven randomly selected CsalncRNAs using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) showed tissue-specific expression, and these were highly up-regulated in Camelina leaves under extreme drought. Results of expression profiling indicated that these CsalncRNAs are involved in the progression of Camelina growth and development as well as its response to drought stress. Our results provide a basis for the functional study of lncRNAs in C. sativa that will serve as a valuable resource for future studies of the regulatory mechanisms underlying its growth and development as well as its stress response.</P>