Towards Attacks and Defenses of Anonymous Communication Systems

Tianbo Lu,Puxin Yao1,Lingling Zhao,Yang Li,Feng Xie,Yamei Xia 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.9 No.1

Anonymous communication system has been hot topic in the field of information security, and attack techniques against anonymous systems are endless. This paper first classifies and summarizes the study of attacks against anonymous communication system in recent years, then analyzes the trend of the research on different attack technologies; secondly, it provides a comparative analysis of defense capability the mainstream anonymous communication system to the various attacks; Finally, combining the advantages and disadvantages of different systems, the authors propose an improved node selection and router forwarding algorithms for anonymous communication systems, and design an architecture of anonymous communications software based on the algorithm.

Phase transition, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of NaNbO3-Bi0.5Li0.5TiO3 lead-free ceramics

Lingling Fu,Dunmin Lin,Qiaoji Zheng,Xiaochun Wu,Lang Wu,Hailing Sun,Yang Wan,Ximing Fan,Chenggang Xu 한국물리학회 2012 Current Applied Physics Vol.12 No.6

Lead-free ceramics (1-x)NaNbO3-xBi0.5Li0.5TiO3 have been fabricated by an ordinary sintering technique,and their electric properties and temperature characteristics have been studied. All the ceramics possess a perovskite structure with orthorhombic symmetry, indicating that (Bi0.5Li0.5)TiO3 diffuses into NaNbO3 lattices to form a new solid solution. A low (Bi0.5Li0.5)TiO3 doping level transforms the NaNbO3ceramics from antiferroelectric to ferroelectric. The ceramics with x ≤ 0.075 are normal ferroelectric, and the ferroelectric-paraelectric phase become diffusives with the doping level of Bi0.5Li0.5TiO3 increasing. As x increases, the Curie temperature of the ceramics decreases linearly, while the relative permittivity εr increases. 0.925NaNbO3e0.075(Bi0.5Li0.5)TiO3 ceramic exhibits the relatively large piezoelectric constant (d33 = 58 pC/N), high Curie temperature (TC = 228 ℃) and good temperature stability, suggesting that the ceramics are one of new possible candidates for lead-free piezoelectric materials. Lead-free ceramics (1-x)NaNbO3-xBi0.5Li0.5TiO3 have been fabricated by an ordinary sintering technique,and their electric properties and temperature characteristics have been studied. All the ceramics possess a perovskite structure with orthorhombic symmetry, indicating that (Bi0.5Li0.5)TiO3 diffuses into NaNbO3 lattices to form a new solid solution. A low (Bi0.5Li0.5)TiO3 doping level transforms the NaNbO3ceramics from antiferroelectric to ferroelectric. The ceramics with x ≤ 0.075 are normal ferroelectric, and the ferroelectric-paraelectric phase become diffusives with the doping level of Bi0.5Li0.5TiO3 increasing. As x increases, the Curie temperature of the ceramics decreases linearly, while the relative permittivity εr increases. 0.925NaNbO3e0.075(Bi0.5Li0.5)TiO3 ceramic exhibits the relatively large piezoelectric constant (d33 = 58 pC/N), high Curie temperature (TC = 228 ℃) and good temperature stability, suggesting that the ceramics are one of new possible candidates for lead-free piezoelectric materials.

Catalpol Inhibits Tregs-to-Th17 Cell Transdifferentiation by Up-Regulating Let-7g-5p to Reduce STAT3 Protein Levels

Lingling Zhou,Yuxi Di,Mingfei Zhang,Yichang Chen,Ruonan Sun,Meiyu Shen,Fengxiang Tian,Pei Yang,Feiya Qian 연세대학교의과대학 2022 Yonsei medical journal Vol.63 No.1

Purpose: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease, and Th17 cells are key factors in the pathogenesis of human inflammatory conditions, such as RA. Catalpol (CAT), a component in Rehmanniae Radix (RR), has been found to regulate human immunity. However, the effects of CAT on Th17 cell differentiation and improvement of RA are not clear. Materials and Methods: Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice were constructed to detect the effects of CAT on arthritis and Th17 cells. The effect of CAT on Th17 differentiation was evaluated with let-7g-5p transfection experiments. Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of Th17 cells after CAT treatment. Levels of interleukin-17 and RORγt were assessed by qRT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was determined by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Results: We found that the proportion of Th17 cells was negatively associated with let-7g-5p expression in CIA mice. In in vitro experiments, CAT suppressed traditional differentiation of Th17 cells. Simultaneously, CAT significantly decreased Tregs-to-Th17 cells transdifferentiation. Our results demonstrated that CAT inhibited Tregs-to-Th17 cells transdifferentiation by up-regulating let-7g-5p and that the suppressive effect of CAT on traditional differentiation of Th17 cells is not related with let-7-5p. Conclusion: Our data indicate that CAT may be a potential modulator of Tregs-to-Th17 cells transdifferentiation by up-regulating let-7g-5p to reduce the expression of STAT3. These results provide new directions for research into RA treatment.

Extending absorption of near-infrared wavelength range for high efficiency CIGS solar cell via adjusting energy band

Lingling Yan,Yiming Bai,Bo Yang,Nuofu Chen,Zhan'ao Tan,Tasawar Hayat,Ahmed Alsaedi 한국물리학회 2018 Current Applied Physics Vol.18 No.4

The efficient photon harvesting in near infrared wavelength range is still a challenging problem for high performance Cu(In1-x, Gax)Se2 (CIGS) solar cell. Herein, adjusting the energy band distribution of CIGS solar cell could provide significant academic guidance for devices with superior output electric power. To understand the role of each functional layer, the optimal 3000 nm CIGS absorber layer with 1.3 eV bandgap and 30 nm CdS buffer layer were firstly obtained via simulating the uniform band-gap structures. By introducing CIGS absorber layer with a double grading Ga/(GaþIn) profile, the power conversion efficiency of the double gradient band gap cell is superior to that of uniform band-gap cell through extending absorption of near-infrared wavelength range. Upon optimization, the best power conversion efficiency of CIGS with a double gradient band gap solar cell is improved significantly to 24.90%, among the best values reported in literatures, which is an 8.17% relative increase compared with that of the uniform band-gap cell. Our findings provide a theoretical guide toward the design of high performance solar cells and enrich the understandings of the energy band engineering for developing of novel semiconductor devices.

Study of Distribution Model under Disaster Relief Logistics System

Lingling-Chen,Jiaqi-Yang,Jianjun-Liu 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Grid and Distributed Comp Vol.9 No.11

This paper mainly using the supplies distribution model in emergency situation, conducted a in-depth research on the problem of supplies distribution in the disaster relief, including single supplies and multiple supplies respectively with and without transport capacity constraints, and then implement its calculation through computer program; next, emergency supplies distribution model of multiple target and dynamic conditions is discussed in further, that is to say, considering some conditions such as the road condition change in the existing logistics system when disasters occur, in this case, the disaster relief supplies distribution model of object-oriented is introduced to guarantee the supplies. At present, there is still no systematic disaster relief logistics system in our country, so the study results of this paper have a certain reference value to the build and implementation of disaster relief logistic system in our country.

Changes in element accumulation, phenolic metabolism, and antioxidative enzyme activities in the red-skin roots of Panax ginseng

Zhou, Ying,Yang, Zhenming,Gao, Lingling,Liu, Wen,Liu, Rongkun,Zhao, Junting,You, Jiangfeng The Korean Society of Ginseng 2017 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.41 No.3

Background: Red-skin root disease has seriously decreased the quality and production of Panax ginseng (ginseng). Methods: To explore the disease's origin, comparative analysis was performed in different parts of the plant, particularly the epidermis, cortex, and/or fibrous roots of 5-yr-old healthy and diseased red-skin ginseng. The inorganic element composition, phenolic compound concentration, reactive oxidation system, antioxidant concentrations such as ascorbate and glutathione, activities of enzymes related to phenolic metabolism and oxidation, and antioxidative system particularly the ascorbate-glutathione cycle were examined using conventional methods. Results: Aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), magnesium, and phosphorus were increased, whereas manganese was unchanged and calcium was decreased in the epidermis and fibrous root of red-skin ginseng, which also contained higher levels of phenolic compounds, higher activities of the phenolic compound-synthesizing enzyme phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and the phenolic compound oxidation-related enzymes guaiacol peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase. As the substrate of guaiacol peroxidase, higher levels of $H_2O_2$ and correspondingly higher activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were found in red-skin ginseng. Increased levels of ascorbate and glutathione; increased activities of $\text\tiny L$-galactose 1-dehydrogenase, ascorbate peroxidase, ascorbic acid oxidase, and glutathione reductase; and lower activities of dehydroascorbate reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione peroxidase were found in red-skin ginseng. Glutathione-S-transferase activity remained constant. Conclusion: Hence, higher element accumulation, particularly Al and Fe, activated multiple enzymes related to accumulation of phenolic compounds and their oxidation. This might contribute to red-skin symptoms in ginseng. It is proposed that antioxidant and antioxidative enzymes, especially those involved in ascorbate-glutathione cycles, are activated to protect against phenolic compound oxidation.

RPK118, a PX Domain-containing Protein, Interacts with Peroxiredoxin-3 through Pseudo-Kinase Domains

Long Yu,Lingling Liu,Chenyi Yang,Jian Yuan,Xiujuan Chen,Jianing Xu,Youheng Wei,Jingchun Yang,Gang Lin 한국분자세포생물학회 2005 Molecules and cells Vol.19 No.1

RPK118 is a sphingosine kinase-1-binding protein that has been implicated in sphingosine 1 phosphate-mediated signaling. It contains a PX (phox homology) domain and two pseudo-kinase domains, and co-localizes with sphingosine kinase-1 on early endosomes. In this study we identified a novel RPK118-binding protein, PRDX3 (peroxiredoxin-3), by yeast two-hybrid screening. The interaction between these proteins was confirmed by pull-down assays and co-immunoprecipitation experi-ments. Deletion studies showed that RPK118 inter-acted with PRDX3 through its pseudokinase domains, and with early endosomes through its PX domain. Dou-ble immunofluorescence experiments demonstrated that PRDX3 co-localized with RPK118 on early endosomes in COS7 cells. PRDX3 is a member of the antioxidant family of proteins synthesized in the cytoplasm and functioning in mitochondria. Our findings indicate that RPK118 is a PRDX3-binding protein that may be involved in transporting PRDX3 from the cytoplasm to its mitochondrial site of function or to other mem-brane structures via endosome trafficking

Transcriptome analysis reveals sunflower cytochrome P450 CYP93A1 responses to high salinity treatment at the seedling stage

Peng Wang,Lingling Ma,Ya Li,Shu’an Wang,Linfang Li,Rutong Yang 한국유전학회 2017 Genes & Genomics Vol.39 No.6

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) is an important global source of plant lipids and protein for food and other industries. Salinity is an abiotic stress that affects sunflower yield. Although recent studies have revealed that the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 93 family is involved in biotic and abiotic stresses, the relationship between the CYP93A gene and salt stress is not well understood in sunflower. In the present study, we performed transcriptome analysis of a relatively salt-tolerant sunflower variety ‘Xinkui 10’ at the seedling stage under high salinity treatment. Following de novo assembly, 66,426 unigenes were obtained, 45,724 (68.83%) of which were annotated. 5,852 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified 11 distinct clusters in which three main clusters (K1–K3) accounted for 94.39% of DEGs. Mapman analysis showed that CYP450 genes were greatly enriched in cluster K3 and one continuously up-regulated gene, HaCYP93A1, was identified among 248 common DEGs in the transcriptome of ‘Xinkui 10’. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis indicated that transcript levels of HaCYP93A1 were induced by high salinity and jasmonic acid (JA) in roots. Meanwhile, three JA-biosynthesis genes (allene oxide cyclase 3 [AOC3], lipoxygenase 3 [LOX3], and allene oxide synthase [AOS]) in roots were up-regulated under salinity treatment. Moreover, correlation analysis indicated that the expression of HaCYP93A1 was markedly related with the JA-biosynthesis genes. Our results suggested that HaCYP93A1 might be involved in the salt tolerance pathway by regulating JA signaling in sunflower.

Towards a Framework for Assuring Cyber Physical System Security

Tianbo Lu,Jinyang Zhao,Lingling Zhao,Yang Li,Xiaoyan Zhang 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.9 No.3

Today, cyber physical systems (CPS) are becoming popular in power networks, healthcare devices, transportation networks, industrial process and infrastructures. As cyber physical systems are used more and more extensively and thoroughly, security of cyber physical systems has become the utmost important concern in system design, implementation and research. Many kinds of attacks arise (e.g. the Stuxnet worm), causing heavy losses and serious potential security risks. For the past few years, researchers are focusing their researches on different aspects of security of cyber physical systems. In this paper, we propose a security framework assuring the security of cyber physical systems and analyze main universities and institutes studying CPS security and their relations in three levels: CPS security objectives, CPS security approaches and security in specific CPS applications. Finally, a conclusion of this article is given.

NSDA : A Novel Node Selecting Optimal Algorithm Based on Dijkstra

Tianbo Lu,Jiao Zhang,Lingling Zhao,Yang Li,Xiaoyan Zhang 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Future Generation Communi Vol.9 No.6

This paper first represent the basic conceptions of anonymous communication, then introduce the fundamentals in Anonymous Communication. Afterwards, we went deep to the classification of anonymous network topological, therefore we could get a better understanding on P2P anonymous communication system. We also systematically analyzes the existing node-select algorithms. Furthermore, we propose and implement a new node selection algorithm based on Dijkstra algorithm, named NSDA algorithm. We give a belief description about the backgrounds and design of NSDA Algorithm. The algorithm can combine the node properties with link properties to select node, which can adjust the system performancing and anonymity. In order to evaluate the NSDA algorithm, we have done experiments in Network Simulator 3, and we also explain the reason why we choose Network Simulator 3 as the simulate tool. In the end, we analyze the characteristics of NSDA algorithm according to the results of experiments.