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- 저자 : Lindo, Laura (검색결과 4 건)
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Anderson-Jackson, Lennox,McGrowder, Donovan A.,Alexander-Lindo, Ruby Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.4
Background: Prostate cancer is the most common malignant tumour in men and the second most common cause of male cancer death. The study examines the clinicopathological features of patients with prostate cancer consecutively diagnosed at a private Diagnostic Radiology Centre in Western Jamaica over a 6-year period. Method: The medical records, including the pathology reports of 423 consecutive patients who had transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) - guided prostate biopsy between January 2006 and December 2011 were reviewed. Results: The mean age at diagnosis of the 191 men with prostate adenocarcinoma was $68.5{\pm}0.59$ years with the majority in the 70 - 79 year age group (43.5%). Moderately differentiated carcinomas (Gleason score of 6) comprised the largest group with 72 cases (37.9%); poorly differentiated cancers with Gleason scores of 8 - 10 comprised 49 cases (25.8%). The PSA levels increased with Gleason score. The mean PSA levels for men with Gleason score of 6 was $50.1{\pm}30.0$ ng/mL compared with $136.5 {\pm}59.9$ ng/mL in patients with Gleason score of 8 and $140.5{\pm}31.8$ ng/mL in patients with Gleason score of 9. Perineural invasion was present in 7.85% of the cases overall; high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) was present in 4.71% of the biopsies. Conclusion: Although the majority of patients had moderate, and moderate to poor differentiated carcinomas, the number with poorly differentiated carcinoma was high. This is a reflection of the patients' late clinical presentation at the time of diagnosis.
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Designing an Integrated Curriculum for Preschool
Greg Tabios Pawilen,Jaeson P. Arre,Eloida F. Lindo 환태평양유아교육연구학회 2010 Asia-Pacific journal of research in early childhoo Vol.4 No.2
Integrated curriculum is a popular curriculum design used in organizing preschool curriculum. This study aims to analyze how teachers design an integrated curriculum. Specifically, it describes: (1) how do teachers plan an integrated curriculum; (2) what common themes are used; and (3) what factors are influential or considered in integrating the curriculum. Since the study was conducted in a Christian school, it also analyzes the influence of the Christian faith in the curriculum. Curriculum analysis and focus-group discussion with preschool teachers and administrators were done to gather the necessary data for the study. The results of the study show that the thematic approach is dominantly used in integrating the curriculum. The themes usually derived from big ideas or topics related to science, social studies, and some concepts and activities that are interesting to the learners. Several factors are also found to be influential in designing the curriculum. The study also found out that Christianity has a great impact or influence in designing the curriculum. Biblical stories, and Christian values are always integrated in the selection of sub-topics and activities in the curriculum.
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Proctor, Robert H.,McCormick, Susan P.,Kim, Hye-Seon,Cardoza, Rosa E.,Stanley, April M.,Lindo, Laura,Kelly, Amy,Brown, Daren W.,Lee, Theresa,Vaughan, Martha M.,Alexander, Nancy J.,Busman, Mark,Guti&ea Public Library of Science 2018 PLoS pathogens Vol.14 No.4
<▼1><P>Trichothecenes are a family of terpenoid toxins produced by multiple genera of fungi, including plant and insect pathogens. Some trichothecenes produced by the fungus <I>Fusarium</I> are among the mycotoxins of greatest concern to food and feed safety because of their toxicity and frequent occurrence in cereal crops, and trichothecene production contributes to pathogenesis of some <I>Fusarium</I> species on plants. Collectively, fungi produce over 150 trichothecene analogs: i.e., molecules that share the same core structure but differ in patterns of substituents attached to the core structure. Here, we carried out genomic, phylogenetic, gene-function, and analytical chemistry studies of strains from nine fungal genera to identify genetic variation responsible for trichothecene structural diversity and to gain insight into evolutionary processes that have contributed to the variation. The results indicate that structural diversity has resulted from gain, loss, and functional changes of trichothecene biosynthetic (<I>TRI</I>) genes. The results also indicate that the presence of some substituents has arisen independently in different fungi by gain of different genes with the same function. Variation in <I>TRI</I> gene duplication and number of <I>TRI</I> loci was also observed among the fungi examined, but there was no evidence that such genetic differences have contributed to trichothecene structural variation. We also inferred ancestral states of the <I>TRI</I> cluster and trichothecene biosynthetic pathway, and proposed scenarios for changes in trichothecene structures during divergence of <I>TRI</I> cluster homologs. Together, our findings provide insight into evolutionary processes responsible for structural diversification of toxins produced by pathogenic fungi.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author summary</B></P><P>Toxins produced by pathogens can contribute to infection and/or colonization of hosts. Some toxins consist of a family of metabolites with similar but distinct chemical structures. This structural variation can affect biological activity, which in turn likely contributes to adaptation to different environments, including to different hosts. Trichothecene toxins consist of over 150 structurally distinct molecules produced by certain fungi, including some plant and insect pathogens. In multiple systems that have been examined, trichothecenes contribute to pathogenesis on plants. To elucidate the evolutionary processes that have given rise to trichothecene structural variation, we conducted comparative analyses of nine fungal genera, most of which produce different trichothecene structures. Using genomic, molecular biology, phylogenetic, and analytical chemistry approaches, we obtained evidence that trichothecene structural variation has arisen primarily from gain, loss, and functional changes of trichothecene biosynthetic genes. Our results also indicate that some structural changes have arisen independently in different fungi. Our findings provide insight into genetic and biochemical changes that can occur in toxin biosynthetic pathways as fungi with the pathways adapt to different environmental conditions.</P></▼2>
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