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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Cardoza, Rosa E. (검색결과 4 건)
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Cardoza Rosa Elena,Vizcaino Juan Antonio,Hermosa Maria Rosa,Monte Enrique,Gutierrez Santiago The Microbiological Society of Korea 2006 The journal of microbiology Vol.44 No.4
Four different Trichoderma strains, T. harzianum CECT 2413, T. asperellum T53, T. atroviride T11 and T. longibrachiatum T52, which represent three of the four sections contained in this genus, were transformed by two different techniques: a protocol based on the isolation of protoplasts and a protocol based on Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Both methods were set up using hygromycin B or phleomycin resistance as the selection markers. Using these techniques, we obtained phenotypically stable transformants of these four different strains. The highest transformation efficiencies were obtained with the T. longibrachiatum T52 strain: 65-70 $transformants/{\mu}g$ DNA when transformed with the plasmid pAN7-1 (hygromycin B resistance) and 280 $transformants/l0^7$ spores when the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation was performed with the plasmid pUR5750 (hygromycin B resistance). Overall, the genetic analysis of the transform ants showed that some of the strains integrated and maintained the transforming DNA in their genome throughout the entire transformation and selection process. In other cases, the integrated DNA was lost.
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Rosa Elena Cardoza,Juan Antonio Vizcaino,Maria Rosa Hermosa,Enrique Monte,Santiago Gutierrez 한국미생물학회 2006 The journal of microbiology Vol.44 No.4
Four different Trichoderma strains, T. harzianum CECT 2413, T. asperellum T53, T. atroviride T11 and T. longibrachiatum T52, which represent three of the four sections contained in this genus, were transformed by two different techniques: a protocol based on the isolation of protoplasts and a protocol based on Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Both methods were set up using hygromycin B or phleomycin resistance as the selection markers. Using these techniques, we obtained phenotypically stable transformants of these four different strains. The highest transformation efficiencies were obtained with the T. longibrachiatum T52 strain: 65-70 transformants/μg DNA when transformed with the plasmid pAN7-1 (hygromycin B resistance) and 280 transformants/107 spores when the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation was performed with the plasmid pUR5750 (hygromycin B resistance). Overall, the genetic analysis of the transformants showed that some of the strains integrated and maintained the transforming DNA in their genome throughout the entire transformation and selection process. In other cases, the integrated DNA was lost.
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Proctor, Robert H.,McCormick, Susan P.,Kim, Hye-Seon,Cardoza, Rosa E.,Stanley, April M.,Lindo, Laura,Kelly, Amy,Brown, Daren W.,Lee, Theresa,Vaughan, Martha M.,Alexander, Nancy J.,Busman, Mark,Guti&ea Public Library of Science 2018 PLoS pathogens Vol.14 No.4
<▼1><P>Trichothecenes are a family of terpenoid toxins produced by multiple genera of fungi, including plant and insect pathogens. Some trichothecenes produced by the fungus <I>Fusarium</I> are among the mycotoxins of greatest concern to food and feed safety because of their toxicity and frequent occurrence in cereal crops, and trichothecene production contributes to pathogenesis of some <I>Fusarium</I> species on plants. Collectively, fungi produce over 150 trichothecene analogs: i.e., molecules that share the same core structure but differ in patterns of substituents attached to the core structure. Here, we carried out genomic, phylogenetic, gene-function, and analytical chemistry studies of strains from nine fungal genera to identify genetic variation responsible for trichothecene structural diversity and to gain insight into evolutionary processes that have contributed to the variation. The results indicate that structural diversity has resulted from gain, loss, and functional changes of trichothecene biosynthetic (<I>TRI</I>) genes. The results also indicate that the presence of some substituents has arisen independently in different fungi by gain of different genes with the same function. Variation in <I>TRI</I> gene duplication and number of <I>TRI</I> loci was also observed among the fungi examined, but there was no evidence that such genetic differences have contributed to trichothecene structural variation. We also inferred ancestral states of the <I>TRI</I> cluster and trichothecene biosynthetic pathway, and proposed scenarios for changes in trichothecene structures during divergence of <I>TRI</I> cluster homologs. Together, our findings provide insight into evolutionary processes responsible for structural diversification of toxins produced by pathogenic fungi.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author summary</B></P><P>Toxins produced by pathogens can contribute to infection and/or colonization of hosts. Some toxins consist of a family of metabolites with similar but distinct chemical structures. This structural variation can affect biological activity, which in turn likely contributes to adaptation to different environments, including to different hosts. Trichothecene toxins consist of over 150 structurally distinct molecules produced by certain fungi, including some plant and insect pathogens. In multiple systems that have been examined, trichothecenes contribute to pathogenesis on plants. To elucidate the evolutionary processes that have given rise to trichothecene structural variation, we conducted comparative analyses of nine fungal genera, most of which produce different trichothecene structures. Using genomic, molecular biology, phylogenetic, and analytical chemistry approaches, we obtained evidence that trichothecene structural variation has arisen primarily from gain, loss, and functional changes of trichothecene biosynthetic genes. Our results also indicate that some structural changes have arisen independently in different fungi. Our findings provide insight into genetic and biochemical changes that can occur in toxin biosynthetic pathways as fungi with the pathways adapt to different environmental conditions.</P></▼2>
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