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Anderson-Jackson, Lennox,McGrowder, Donovan A.,Alexander-Lindo, Ruby Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.4
Background: Prostate cancer is the most common malignant tumour in men and the second most common cause of male cancer death. The study examines the clinicopathological features of patients with prostate cancer consecutively diagnosed at a private Diagnostic Radiology Centre in Western Jamaica over a 6-year period. Method: The medical records, including the pathology reports of 423 consecutive patients who had transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) - guided prostate biopsy between January 2006 and December 2011 were reviewed. Results: The mean age at diagnosis of the 191 men with prostate adenocarcinoma was $68.5{\pm}0.59$ years with the majority in the 70 - 79 year age group (43.5%). Moderately differentiated carcinomas (Gleason score of 6) comprised the largest group with 72 cases (37.9%); poorly differentiated cancers with Gleason scores of 8 - 10 comprised 49 cases (25.8%). The PSA levels increased with Gleason score. The mean PSA levels for men with Gleason score of 6 was $50.1{\pm}30.0$ ng/mL compared with $136.5 {\pm}59.9$ ng/mL in patients with Gleason score of 8 and $140.5{\pm}31.8$ ng/mL in patients with Gleason score of 9. Perineural invasion was present in 7.85% of the cases overall; high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) was present in 4.71% of the biopsies. Conclusion: Although the majority of patients had moderate, and moderate to poor differentiated carcinomas, the number with poorly differentiated carcinoma was high. This is a reflection of the patients' late clinical presentation at the time of diagnosis.
Genetically Modified Rice Adoption: Implications for Welfare and Poverty Alleviation
( Kym Anderson ),( Lee Ann Jackson ),( Chantal Pohl Nielsen ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 (구 세종대학교 국제경제연구소) 2005 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.20 No.4
The first generation of genetically modified (GM) crop varieties sought to increase farmer profitability through cost reductions or higher yields. The next generation of GM food research is focusing also on breeding for attributes of interest to consumers, beginning with ‘golden rice’, which has been genetically engineered to contain a higher level of vitamin A and thereby boost the health of poor people in developing countries. This paper analyses empirically the potential economic effects of adopting both types of innovation in Asia, including its impact on rice producers and other poor households. It does so using the global economy-wide computable general equilibrium model known as GTAP. The results suggest the very considerable farm productivity gains (even if extended beyond GM rice to include those from adopting other GM grains and oilseeds) could be exceeded by the welfare gains resulting from the potential health-enhancing attributes of golden rice, which would boost the productivity of unskilled workers among Asia`s poor.
Characteristics of perchlorate formation via photodissociation of aqueous chlorite
Kang, Namgoo,Anderson, Todd A.,Rao, Balaji,Jackson, W. Andrew CSIRO Publishing 2009 Environmental chemistry Vol.6 No.1
<P> Environmental context. Perchlorate, a well-known thyroid disruptor with both man-made and natural sources represents a major environmental problem in the United States but little information is available concerning the source of natural perchlorate. Previous research has demonstrated that perchlorate can be produced from exposure of some chlorine compounds to ultraviolet radiation, but no information was available how quickly or comparatively how much perchlorate was formed. The results of the present study can be used to evaluate the potential impact of ultraviolet processes on the overall occurrence of perchlorate in the environment. Abstract. The present study provides new and important information on perchlorate (ClO4-) formation through ultraviolet (UV) photodissociation of unbuffered chlorite (ClO2-) solutions from the standpoint of kinetics under three different wavelength regimes having maximum emissions, λe,max, at 235.7, 300 and 350 nm. ClO4- production rates and yields were in general found to be inversely related, with higher yields and lower rates at higher wavelengths, and vice versa. A simple kinetic model for ClO4- production as a function of the ClO2- first-order decay constant and starting concentration was fitted to the experimental data, resulting in the calculation of a rate constant, k2, which is a function of light-source characteristics. Further, a conceptual scheme for ClO4- formation via photochemical reactions between oxychlorine species was proposed based on the experimental results and available literature. The present study is a further step towards understanding the formation of ClO4- from the photolysis of its precursors. </P>
Prostate Cancer and Metabolic Syndrome: Is there a link?
McGrowder, Donovan A.,Jackson, Lennox Anderson,Crawford, Tazhmoye V. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.1
Metabolic syndrome has become quite prevalent within our society. Over the past two decades, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome has sharply increased worldwide and it has become a major public health problem in several countries. It is associated with the global epidemic of obesity and diabetes mellitus and imposes numerous cardiovascular risks. Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer among men, surpassed only by non-melanoma skin cancer. A considerable body of evidence exists suggesting that some components of the metabolic syndrome have been associated with the risk of prostate cancer. These components include obesity, an abdominal fat distribution, and hyperinsulinemia. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the most widely used therapeutic modality in prostate cancer. It changed the body composition and lipid profile of men with prostate cancer. Androgen deficiency is associated with increased levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, increased production of proinflammatory factors, and increased thickness of the arterial wall and contributes to endothelial dysfunction. The aim of this review is to evaluate the association between metabolic syndrome and prostate cancer and to discuss the implications of androgen deficiency in men with cardiovascular risk factors. A comprehensive literature search was carried out with the use of PubMed from 1980 through 2011, and relevant articles pertinent to metabolic syndrome and prostate cancer are evaluated and discussed.