強姦の概念の韓日比較研究

임석원(Seok Won, LIM) 동북아시아문화학회 2013 동북아시아문화학회 국제학술대회 발표자료집 Vol.2013 No.5

In korea, A strong resistance consciousness of People for sex assault have brought a result of amended for Criminal Law rape and sexual abuse crime chapter, on December 18, 2013. And the following will run on June 19, 2013. All korean people became the object of an rape offense. And the anus or mouth (sexual intercourse) were protected enough to be almost the same as the genitals. Also an offense subject to complaint was abolished. But Japan retains the concept of rape in the Criminal Law. I think that legislation and the revisions should be carried out more carefully.

형법상 정당방위와 자구행위의 경합(競合)

임석원(Lim Seok-Won) 동북아시아문화학회 2011 동북아 문화연구 Vol.1 No.27

The purpose of this study is to find out the limit of self defense and the solution of competition. It is impossible for us to admit self defense without limit in actuality of criminal law if we take adequate notice of the benefit and protection of the law, the principle of propriety, and the principle of present. Taking this opportunity of this problems, went deep into the study of competition of justifications and security of effectiveness about self help in the criminal law of Korea. The results show that as follow: Firstly, the question of whether or not to admit self defense, is determined by the special feature by means of advance emergency act. It is impossible to shirk one’s criminal responsibility about a revenge act. Secondly, we must not only know the difference between self defense and self help in the criminal justifications, but also judge by the standard under a special feature of the mutual supplementation which overcome weakness. This study shows how we will decide a standard of justifications between self defense and self help. Thirdly, we have to make full use of the self help by justification in a judicial precedent, because the self help is a fort which protect a claim, especially property right, from violation.

객관적 귀속에 관한 의문점과 해석의 방향

임석원(Lim, Seok-Won) 한국형사법학회 2010 刑事法硏究 Vol.22 No.2

Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit der Interpretation und der zweifelhafte Punkt der »objektiven Zurechnung«. Vor allem war die Rolle der objektiven Zurechnung der Bestimmung nach ein Aspekt der Regeln über den Kausalzusammenhang (§17 KorStGB). Daher wird es geleugnet, ausüben der Einfluß, dass der Täter wird ausgefallen von der Strafbarkeit oder wegen Versuch bestraft wird. Aber die Rolle der objektive Zurechnung überspringt und kommt in die Gesamthheit des Verbrechensystems. Deshalb bringt sich mit der Unordnung in dem Ausdruck und in dem Gleichgewicht des Verbrechensystems wegen des Zusammenstoß durch die Prüfung in dem Verbrechensystem. Laut vorliegender Arbeit läßt sich größenteils die objektive Zurechnung durch eine andere Prüfung im Verbrechensystem ersetzen. Sie sind die Wirkung, die nicht nur von der Strafbarkeit, die im Absichtsdelikt, Fahrlässigdelikt, der Beihilfe ausgefallen wird, sondern auch wegen des Versuch bestrafen wird, in dem Absichtsdelikt, erfolgsqualifizierten Delikte, unechten Unterlassungsdelikte. Zum ersten, die Wirkung, die es von der Strafbarkeit ausgefallen wird, ist durch die Prüfung in der Schuld, der Tatbestandsmäßigkeit, der Rechtswidrigkeit und durch den Kausalzusammenhang leicht zu lösen. Zweitens, die Wirkung, die es wegen Versuchs bestrafen wird, ist durch die Prüfung in dem Rücktritt vom Versuch, dem Kausalzusammenhang, dem Ummittelbarkeitsprinzip und durch die Tatbestandsmäßigkeit, die Rechtswidrigkeit leicht zu lösen. Zum letzten, es ist notwendig, daß die objektive Zurechnung für die normativ Hilfe über die Bestimmung des Kausalzusammenhang (§17 KorStGB) geboren ist. Also in solchem Bereich muss die Wirkung muß beschränkt werden.

기업의 피해자성과 해석의 방향

임석원(LIM, Seok Won) 동북아시아문화학회 2016 동북아시아문화학회 국제학술대회 발표자료집 Vol.2016 No.10

The enterprise as the main body of crime has been studied adequate until now. But studies about the nature of enterprise as a victim have so far been rare. This article shows that enterprise are capable of being the main body of the benefit and protection of the law, as well as victim. There is no essential difference between the two conceptions, one is the approach favoring a direct punishment of the enterprise with detailed criminal law, the other is approach focusing on a unique quality of an organization. It is possible for a enterprise to do actus reus by oneself via a natural person, to have a unique quality as a victim that is based on the control liability. In other words, the enterprise not only can independently do acts and but also possess an intention. And it can take form its own organizational culture which is being connected with future generations. Finally, enterprise can have the nature of the victim by secondary and third victimizations.

범죄성립의 관점에서 본 부부강간에 대한올바른 해석의 방향

임석원 ( Seok Won Lim ) 법조협회 2014 法曹 Vol.63 No.11

The issue of whether “ criminal legal interpretation of spouse rape” has been subject to continuous debate in our academic area. Some people have argued of no problem about spouse rape while others have expressed strong opposition. Recently Korea supreme court has showed that it is right judgment to admit spouse rape by sexual assault even though real conjugal relations are preserved (05. 16. 2013 Korea supreme court criminal judgment by all the judiciary). Until now sex act of spouse by assault is utilized only by civil responsibility. In other words, sex life of husband and wife is not a crime by sexual mix conduct. Rape is concurrent offences of assault and sexual mix conduct. Therefore, it is difficult to admit crime organization condition by sex life of husband and wife. Also it is difficult to admit assault crime because rape crime is applied by a one accusation rule. And presumptive consent can exist when legal marriage form. This is meaning of the elimination of crime organization condition. Furthermore, if the final penalty impose on a spouse it is more difficult to reserve life of husband and wife by family law. In other words, there is no real benefits for victims. In addition, sex act of spouse by assault have many conditions about elimination of illegality. First, emergency evacuation is possible because of easing of condition about propriety. If a spouse has a reasonable belief that he is innocent right of sex by family law and has danger about collapse of his sex right, he may use force which reasonably appears necessary to protect him the danger. Second, defense act is possible because Korean civil law article 826 regulates obligation of living together containing sex. Third, a collision of obligations that are duties of faithfulness of sex by the contractual default and respect of sex right to the unwanted person occur. It is a defense to a crime by criminal justification and excuse. In last, if both crime organization conditions and illegality elimination conditions have limit, it does not deprived of final offense. However, immunity conditions enable final defense to protect spouse who cause sex act by assault. Finally spouse shall be exempt from criminal liability. In other words, it is not clear to separate limited malice from legal mistake. If spouse`s legal mistake is completed by proper reason his act must be treated as elimination of immunity conditions of a crime. In addition, in the criminal professors, it insists that excessive criminal penalties make family be delivered of a child passively. For example, spouses who witness other spouses received punishment do not want to bear child. This brings about dismantling in family.

항문주위에 발생한 자궁내막증(2예)

임석원(Seok Won Lim),오재환(Jae Whan Oh),김현식(Hyun Shig Kim),이종균(Jong Kyun Lee) 대한외과학회 1994 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research Vol.46 No.3

Introduction of case brief in USA law school

Lim, Seok-Won(林錫源) 동북아시아문화학회 2016 동북아시아문화학회 국제학술대회 발표자료집 Vol.2016 No.7

표류 및 정류선박의 항법상 지위와 법률상의 책임 -중앙해양안전심판원의 재결 사례를 대상으로-

임석원 ( Seok Won Lim ) 한국해법학회 2016 韓國海法學會誌 Vol.38 No.1

본 연구에서는 해상에서 정지하고 있는 선박과 이동 중인 선박의 충돌사고 발생 시에 적용되는 항법과 그에 따른 법률상의 책임을 연구하였다. 항법의 적용을 기준으로 하여 해상에서 정지하고 있는 선박은 표류선박과 정류선박으로 분리하여 해석하고, 이에 따라서 별도의 항법상의 지위를 부여하는 것이 옳다. 우선 표류선박은 일반항법의 적용이 불가능하고, 보충적으로 선원의 상무규정을 적용하되, 상대선과 비교하여 항법상 우선권을 주어야 한다. 법률상의 책임과 관련하여서는 상대선박에 비하여 항법상 우선권이 있으므로 충돌사고 발생 시에는 불법행위에 의한 과실 책임은 높은 비율로 경감된다. 이는 상대선의 과실이 입증된다면 상대선박이 훨씬 더 높은 비율의 불법행위에 의한 과실 책임을 부담한다는 것을 의미한다. 또한 과실상계에 따라서 표류선박은 표류원인에 선장의 주의의무위반이 인정되어 선원의 상무위반이 입증된 경우에 손해배상액의 감액조정이 이루어진다. 물론 이러한 선장의 지휘감독상의 중한 주의의무위반이 명백하고 이로 인하여 사망의 결과가 발생하였고, 인과관계까지 명백하게 입증된다면 공동불법행위가 되어 과실 책임을 부담하게 된다. 정류선박은 항행중인 선박으로 보아서 일반항법을 적용하고, 예외적으로 대수속력이 없는 경우에는 선원의 상무규정을 적용하되, 피항에 있어서는 동등한 주의의무를 부담하게 되는 항법상 지위를 가지게 된다. 이에 따라서 법률상의 책임은 불법행위에 의한 쌍방과실로서 공동불법행위에 의한 손해배상책임을 부담하게 된다. This study is focused on application of navigation and legal liability about ship crash accident between moving ship and stopping ship on the sea. On interpreting in the view of application of navigation, stopping ship on the sea is divided into floating ship and drifting ship, and it is right to give different navigation status separately. First, it is impossible for us to applicate general navigation to the floating ship, so we should applicate basic principle of daily routine work of sailor complementally and we give prior right compared to confronted ship. However, if there are negligence of sailor or violation of caution duty by captain, even though prior right of navigation could be maintained floating ship should take a responsibility of torts for damage as high rate due to deduction for comparative negligence. This means that floating ship should observe duty of navigation equal to confronted ship in aspect of compensation of damage. Relating to the legal liability, if the negligence of confronted ship is able to be verified the confronted ship should be liable to responsibility of high proportion about torts due to priority of floating ship`s navigation. However, it is necessary to adjust damages in case of captain`s violation of caution duty due to deduction for comparative negligence as this paper assert as above mentioned. Also, if the captain`s violation of caution duty will be clear and the violation cause death, furthermore, causation will be clear floating ship would take responsibility for negligence of joint torts. Second, drifting ship should be considered as moving ship, so the general navigation should be applied to drifting ship, but in case of no speed made through the water, basic principle of daily routine work of sailor can be applied, but, in aspect of burdened duty has equal status to confronted ship. In other words, drifting ship should take responsibility for damage as negligence of joint torts due to negligence each other.

연구논문(硏究論文) : 민사책임에 따르는 해양안전심판제도의 개선방안

임석원 ( Seok Won Lim ) 한국해법학회 2011 韓國海法學會誌 Vol.33 No.1

본 연구는 민사책임에 따르는 해양안전심판제도의 개선방안에 관하여 연구한 것이다. 삼면이 바다로 둘러싸여 있는 우리나라는 예로부터 해상교통이 발달되어 왔으며, 이에 따라서 선박의 이용은 필수적인 교통수단이 되어 왔다. 이러한 선박의 충돌사고는 육지에 비하여 적은 것이 사실이다. 그러나 최근의 레이더를 비롯한 여러 전자항법장치의 발달과 바다의 특성을 고려해 보았을 때에는 꼭 그렇지만은 않다. 이러한 선박의 충돌사고는 해상이라는 특수한 상황하에서 발생하는 관계로 그 원인판명이 대단히 어렵고, 이러한 상황에 대응하기 위하여 현행 법체계는 해양안전심판이라는 특수한 종류의 심판에 의하여 그 원인을 판명하기 위한 재판제도가 행하여지고 있다. 그러나 이러한 해양안전심판원이 가지는 권한에 비하여 구성원은 법률상의 전문가라기보다는 해양이나 기술분야의 전문가들이 최종적인 법률판단을 내리게 된다. 그리고 이러한 해양안전심판의 재결결과는 그대로 이후의 민사재판에서 받아들여지고 있는 실정이다. 그러나 민사재판의 법률상의 관점은 헌법과 법률에 의하여 독립된 법관에 의한 자유심증주의와 증거재판주의에 의하여 행하여지며, 이러한 구조는 해양안전심판과 근본적으로 다르다. 결국 영국과 같은 독립된 해사법원이 없는 우리나라에서는 해양안전심판의 구조를 사실심과 법률심으로 이원화하여 운영하고, 민사재판에서는 이러한 해양안전심판의 결과를 차용하되 민사과실의 세분화기준을 직근과실과 단계적 과실 등으로 정립해 나가는 것이 선박충돌사고를 보다 논리적이고 합리적인 방향으로 해결하는 방향이 될 것이다. The number of traffic accidents at sea are few in comparison with traffic accidents on the road. However, there is no saying that traffic accidents at sea are few when we compare cars which are driven quickly on a narrow road with ships which make slow voyages over wide seas. It is possible for us to prevent ship accidents at sea if we take adequate notice of the radar, the gong , and the wireless installation of the ship. Nevertheless, the causes of ship accidents at sea are, firstly, making a voyage without enough attention, and, secondly, unskillfulness in the control of the ship. Taking this opportunity of this problems, went deep into the study of development and examination about a Legal points and problems in a ship accident of theories and cases in sea. The question of whether or not to admit a civil liability, is determined by the decision of concrete foresight of the marine accidents inquiry agency. It is impossible to shirk legal responsibility, if the marine accidents inquiry agency gives a decision on a judgment of negligence. We must not only search for a standard regarding the possibility of concrete foresight about negligence (direct negligence, phased negligence, etc), but also operate the marine accidents inquiry agency by the dual system under actual trial and legal trial. This paper shows how we will defend violation of a basic right and guarantee free will and evidential principle of civil law in a ship accident.

유교윤리에 입각한 형법의 간통죄 처벌에 대한 타당성 검토

임석원(Lim Seok won) 대검찰청 2016 형사법의 신동향 Vol.0 No.52

헌법재판소는 2015년 2월 26일 형법상의 간통죄에 대하여 최종 위헌결정을 선고하였다. 그 근거는 헌법상의 성적(性的) 자기결정권의 존중이다. 따라서 형법에 간통죄가 범죄로서 규정된 지 62년 만에 간통죄는 사실상 폐지되었다. 기존의 간통죄 유지의 핵심은 그 기본적 근거인 유교문화, 즉 유교윤리가 근본이 되고 있다는 점이다. 유교윤리는 조선시대부터 내려온 우리 선조들의 전통윤리로서 절대 무시할 수 없다. 그렇다면 여기서 과연 이러한 유교윤리는 쌍방 당사자 간에 의사의 합치와 간음행위로 이루어진 간통, 특히 그 핵심인 간음행위와 관련하여 어떻게 해석을 하고 있는지를 연구해 볼 필요가 있다. 이러한 목적에 따라서 본 논문에서는 우선 형법의 시각에서 간통죄에 대하여 어떠한 입장을 견지해 왔고, 범죄성립과 관련하여 간통죄가 범죄체계상 논리적으로 타당한가 여부를 논의하였다. 그 이후 유교윤리의 시각에서 성(性)과 관련한 근간이 되는 윤리사상을 확립한 당대 최고의 사상가인 맹자와 고자 및 순자의 사상을 중심으로 하여 간통의 핵심인 간음행위에 대한 타당성 여부에 대한 해석을 논의하고 결론을 도출 하였다. 그 결과 사실상의 법률상 혼인관계가 상호 간의 합의에 의하여 파탄된 경우에 이후 사실혼의 배우자와 맺은 성관계는 간음행위라고 볼 수 없다는 결론에 도달하였다. 구체적으로는 우선 형법의 시각에서는 기존 간통죄의 논리적 모순을 비롯한 문제점들이 발견되었다. 범죄성립심사의 결과에 따르면 법률상 부부관계가 사실상의 파탄에 이르렀다면 생각보다 광범위하게 범죄체계론의 논리적 심사에 따른 최종범죄성립의 탈락 가능성이 높다는 사실을 발견할 수 있었다. 형법의 섣부른 개입은 보충성의 원칙에도 반한다. 유교윤리의 시각에서 바라본 간통도 그 핵심인 간음행위를 중심으로 살펴본 결과에 따른다면 맹자를 제외한 고자와 순자의 유교윤리사상은 법률혼이 사실상 파탄된 경우에 진정한 사실혼의 배우자와 맺은 성교행위는 실질적으로 간음행위라고 볼 수 없는 적합한 행위로 유추해석이 가능함을 알 수 있었다. 결국 궁극적인 문제는 정상적으로 유지되고 있는 법률상의 혼인관계를 일방 배우자가 타방 배우자에 대하여 간통을 이용하여 독선적이고 공개적으로 이혼을 강요하는 경우의 일방 배우자의 형사처벌 문제이다. 이 경우는 유책배우자가 강력한 재력을 보유하고 있다면 이로 인하여 위자료 등의 손해배상이 민사적인 강제효과로서의 실효가 없다. 이러한 경우에 대비한 명백한 해악의 의사를 가지고 이를 실행에 옮긴 일방 배우자의 간음행위에 대한 처벌규정은 별도로 입법하는 것을 고려해야 한다. February 26, 2015, the Korean Constitutional Court proclaimed final unconstitutional decision about the adultery. The ground of the decision was respect of sexual self-determination. Therefore, the adultery has disappeared since 1953, which continued during 62 years. The key which should have maintained the crime, adultery was traditional confucian culture, which was connected with confucian ethics. According to the above key words, we need to study interpretation of relationship between confucian ethics and adultery, especially, made of adulterous act and agreement. I discussed about two core systems. First, it is whether we determine adultery as logical crime according to condition of crime. Second, it is whether the adultery is valid on the basis of confucian ethics, Maeng Ja and Ko Ja, Soon Ja. Final conclusion is that the sex act in case of real broken marriage is not considered as adultery, the criminal crime. In detail, in aspect of criminal law, if the relation of both spouses is broken there is high possibilities which are dangers got qualified from review of decision about condition of crime according to logical system of criminal law. Also, criminal law’s fast entering into couples is opposed to principle of supplementary nature. Next, it is possible for us to interpret when the relation of couple is broken we are not able to consider the sex with real marriage spouse as adulterous act on the basis of Ko Ja and Soon Ja’s view except Maeng Ja. However, it is serious problem that the spouse force the other spouse to divorce using the adultery exclusively even though the relation of marriage is maintained normally. In conclusion, it is necessary that we should legislate law to punish the spouse who has obvious breach intention about the other spouse and act the intention as adulterous act.