The Long and the Short of Polymer Grafting - Exploring the Limits and Quantification of the ‘Grafting-to’ Approach

Leonie Barner,Lukas Michalek,Kai Mundsinger,Christopher Barner-Kowollik 한국고분자학회 2019 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.44 No.2

Frontal-Brainstem Pathways Mediating Placebo Effects on Social Rejection

Koban, Leonie,Kross, Ethan,Woo, Choong-Wan,Ruzic, Luka,Wager, Tor D. Society for Neuroscience 2017 The Journal of neuroscience Vol.37 No.13

<P>Placebo treatments can strongly affect clinical outcomes, but research on how they shape other life experiences and emotional well-being is in its infancy. We used fMRI in humans to examine placebo effects on a particularly impactful life experience, social pain elicited by a recent romantic rejection. We compared these effects with placebo effects on physical (heat) pain, which are thought to depend on pathways connecting prefrontal cortex and periaqueductal gray (PAG). Placebo treatment, compared with control, reduced both social and physical pain, and increased activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) in both modalities. Placebo further altered the relationship between affect and both dlPFC and PAG activity during social pain, and effects on behavior were mediated by a pathway connecting dlPFC to the PAG, building on recent work implicating opioidergic PAG activity in the regulation of social pain. These findings suggest that placebo treatments reduce emotional distress by altering affective representations in frontal-brainstem systems.</P>

Occupational Health: Meeting the Challenges of the Next 20 Years

John Harrison,Leonie Dawson 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2016 Safety and health at work Vol.7 No.2

Background: The industrial revolution that took place in the United Kingdom (UK) between 1760 and 1830 led to profound social change. Occupational medicine was concerned with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of occupational diseases, that is, diseases directly caused by exposure to workplace hazards. A similar pattern of development has occurred globally. Methods: A review of relevant literature. Results: The international conceptualization and development of occupational health occurred during the 20th century. A new paradigm for occupational health has emerged that extends the classical focus on what might be termed “health risk management” that is, the focus on workplace hazards and risk to health to include the medical aspects of sickness absence and rehabilitation, the support and management of chronic noncommunicable diseases, and workplace health promotion. Conclusion: The future strategic direction for occupational health will be informed by a needs analysis and a consideration of where it should be positioned within future healthcare provision. What are the occupational health workforce implications of the vision for occupational health provision? New challenges and new ways of working will necessitate a review of the competence and capacity of the occupational health workforce, with implications for future workforce planning.

양질의 파트타임 일자리 프로젝트 : 호주의 경험

Anne Bardoel,Leonie Morgan 한국노동연구원 2010 국제노동브리프 Vol.8 No.10

Unprecedented Tris-Phosphido-Bridged Triangular Clusters with 42 Valence Electrons. Chemical, Electrochemical and Computational Studies of their Formation and Stability

Funaioli, Tiziana,Leoni, Piero,Marchetti, Lorella,Albinati, Alberto,Rizzato, Silvia,Fabrizi de Biani, Fabrizia,Ienco, Andrea,Manca, Gabriele,Mealli, Carlo American Chemical Society 2013 Inorganic Chemistry Vol.52 No.8

<P>This paper presents the synthesis and structural characterization of the unprecedented tris-phosphido-bridged compounds Pt<SUB>3</SUB>(μ-PBu<SUP><I>t</I></SUP><SUB>2</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB>X<SUB>3</SUB> (X = Cl, Br, I), having only 42 valence electrons, while up to now analogous clusters typically have 44e<SUP>–</SUP>. The new species were obtained by an apparent bielectronic oxidation of the 44e<SUP>–</SUP> monohalides Pt<SUB>3</SUB>(μ-PBu<SUP><I>t</I></SUP><SUB>2</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB>(CO)<SUB>2</SUB>X with the corresponding dihalogen X<SUB>2</SUB>. Their X-ray structures are close to the <I>D</I><SUB>3<I>h</I></SUB> symmetry, similarly to the 44e<SUP>–</SUP> analogues with three terminal carbonyl ligands. The products were also obtained by electrochemical oxidation of the same monohalides in the presence of the corresponding halide. In a detailed study on the formation of Pt<SUB>3</SUB>(μ-PBu<SUP><I>t</I></SUP><SUB>2</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB>I<SUB>3</SUB>, the redox potentials indicated that I<SUB>2</SUB> can only perform the first monoelectronic oxidation but is unsuited for the second one. Accordingly, the 43e<SUP>–</SUP> intermediate [Pt<SUB>3</SUB>(μ-PBu<SUP><I>t</I></SUP><SUB>2</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB>(CO)<SUB>2</SUB>I]<SUP>+</SUP> was ascertained to play a key role. Another piece of information is that, together with the fully oxidized product Pt<SUB>3</SUB>(μ-PBu<SUP><I>t</I></SUP><SUB>2</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB>I<SUB>3</SUB>, the transient 44e<SUP>–</SUP> species [Pt<SUB>3</SUB>(μ-PBu<SUP><I>t</I></SUP><SUB>2</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB>(CO)<SUB>3</SUB>]<SUP>+</SUP> is formed in the early steps of the reaction. In order to extract detailed information on the formation pathway, involving both terminal ligand substitutions and electron transfer processes, a DFT investigation has been performed and all the possible intermediates have been defined together with their associated energy costs. The profile highlights many important aspects, such as the formation of an appropriate couple of 43e<SUP>–</SUP> intermediates having different sets of terminal coligands, and suitable redox potentials for the transfer of one electron. Optimizations of 45e<SUP>–</SUP> associative intermediates in the ligand substitution reactions indicate their possible involvement in the redox process with reduction of the overall energy cost. Finally, according to MO arguments, the unique stability of the 42e<SUP>–</SUP> phosphido-bridged Pt<SUB>3</SUB> clusters can be attributed to the simultaneous presence of three terminal halides.</P><P>This paper presents the synthesis and structural characterization of the unprecedented tris-phosphido-bridged compounds Pt<SUB>3</SUB>(μ-PBu<SUP><I>t</I></SUP><SUB>2</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB>X<SUB>3</SUB> (X = Cl, Br, I), having only 42 valence electrons, while up to now analogous clusters typically have 44e<SUP>−</SUP>. The new species were obtained by an apparent bielectronic oxidation of the 44e<SUP>−</SUP> monohalides Pt<SUB>3</SUB>(μ-PBu<SUP><I>t</I></SUP><SUB>2</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB>(CO)<SUB>2</SUB>X with the corresponding dihalogen X<SUB>2</SUB>. According to MO arguments, the unique stability of the 42e<SUP>−</SUP> phosphido-bridged Pt<SUB>3</SUB> clusters can be attributed to the simultaneous presence of three terminal halides.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/inocaj/2013/inocaj.2013.52.issue-8/ic400251y/production/images/medium/ic-2013-00251y_0014.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ic400251y'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

침략범죄에 대한 캄팔라 합의

Claus Kress,Leonie Von Holtzendorff 이화여자대학교 법학연구소 2011 法學論集 Vol.15 No.3

A simple approach to refraction statics with the Generalized Reciprocal Method and the Refraction Convolution Section

Palmer Derecke,Jones Leonie Korean Society of Earth and Exploration Geophysici 2005 지구물리와 물리탐사 Vol.8 No.1

We derive refraction statics for seismic data recorded in a hard rock terrain, in which there are large and rapid variations in the depth of weathering. The statics corrections range from less than 10 ms to more than 70 ms, often over distances as short as 12 receiver intervals. This study is another demonstration of the importance in obtaining accurate initial refraction models of the weathering in hard rock terrains in which automatic residual statics may fail. We show that the statics values computed with a simple model of the weathering using the Generalized Reciprocal Method (GRM) and the Refraction Convolution Section (RCS) are comparable in accuracy to those computed with a more complex model of the weathering, using least-mean-squares inversion with the conjugate gradient algorithm (Taner et al., 1998). The differences in statics values between the GRM model and that of Taner et al. (1998) systematically vary from an average of 2ms to 4ms over a distance of 8.8 km. The differences between these two refraction models and the final statics model, which includes the automatic residual values, are generally less than 5 ms. The residuals for the GRM model are frequently less than those for the model of Taner et al. (1998). The RCS statics are picked approximately 10 ms later, but their relative accuracy is comparable to that of the GRM statics. The residual statics values show a general correlation with the refraction statics values, and they can be reduced in magnitude by using a lower average seismic velocity in the weathering. These results suggest that inaccurate average seismic velocities in the weathered layer may often be a source of short-wavelength statics, rather than any shortcomings with the inversion algorithms in determining averaged delay times from the traveltimes.

Occupational Health: Meeting the Challenges of the Next 20 Years

Harrison, John,Dawson, Leonie Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2016 Safety and health at work Vol.7 No.2

Background: The industrial revolution that took place in the United Kingdom (UK) between 1760 and 1830 led to profound social change. Occupational medicine was concerned with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of occupational diseases, that is, diseases directly caused by exposure to workplace hazards. A similar pattern of development has occurred globally. Methods: A review of relevant literature. Results: The international conceptualization and development of occupational health occurred during the 20th century. A new paradigm for occupational health has emerged that extends the classical focus on what might be termed "health risk management" that is, the focus on workplace hazards and risk to health to include the medical aspects of sickness absence and rehabilitation, the support and management of chronic noncommunicable diseases, and workplace health promotion. Conclusion: The future strategic direction for occupational health will be informed by a needs analysis and a consideration of where it should be positioned within future healthcare provision. What are the occupational health workforce implications of the vision for occupational health provision? New challenges and new ways of working will necessitate a review of the competence and capacity of the occupational health workforce, with implications for future workforce planning.

침략범죄에 대한 캄팔라 합의

Kress, Claus,HOLTZENDORFF, Leonie von 梨花女子大學校 法學硏究所 2011 法學論集 Vol.15 No.3

최근 ‘역사적인’이라는 단어가 남용되고 있는 것이 사실이나, 2010년 6월 11일 캄팔라에서 열린 로마규정의 첫 번째 재검토회의에서의 침략범죄에 대한 일괄제안의 채택은 ‘역사적’이라는 수식을 받을 자격이 있다. 이 성과를 통해 수십 년에 걸친 준비 과정이 끝나고 로마 규정이 완성되었다. 저자는 내부자의 시선으로 캄팔라 합의를 이끈 주요 단계에 대해 분석하고, 이번 컨센서스를 통한 결정이 좀 더 발전된다면 로버트 잭슨에 의해 달성되었던 뉘른베르그 합의의 성과를 낼 것이라고 예상한다.

Analysis of the Shear Lag Effect in Composite Bridges with Complex Static Schemes by means of a Deck Finite Element

Fabrizio Gara,Graziano Leoni,Gianluca Ranzi 한국강구조학회 2008 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.8 No.4

This paper presents the derivation of a finite element formulation for the analysis of composite decks accounting for partial interaction theory and shear-lag effects. The particularity of the proposed element, referred to as the deck finite element, relies on its ability to capture the structural response of complex static schemes, such as those specified for arch, bow-string and cable stayed bridges, while preserving the ease of use of a typical line element. For these particular bridge solutions, stress concentrations may be induced in the slab by the application of concentrated forces, i.e. due to the anchorage of prestressing cables or stays, or due to the presence of web members in arch bridges. The ease of use of the proposed deck finite element is outlined considering two case studies for which the calculated results have been compared against those obtained using a more refined model implemented using shell elements in a commercial finite element software.