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Rejuvenation of Aged Skeletal Muscle by Systematic Factor, GDF11
( Young C. Jang ),( Manisha Sinha ),( Amy J. Wagers ) 한국체육학회 2015 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.1
Purpose: Recent studies involving heterochronic parabiosis indicate that impaired skeletal muscle regeneration in aged animals is in part systemically controlled and reversible by exposure to a young circulation. While prior studies have identified a handful of systemic "aging" factors, discovery of the humoral "rejuvenating" factors that act on muscle stem cells (satellite cells) to restore regenerative function has been relatively more elusive. Here, we demonstrate that the circulating hormone Growth Differentiation Factor 11 (GDF11) is a rejuvenating factor for skeletal muscle. Methods: Using either heterochronic parabiosis (young and aged mice with shared circulation) or systemic delivery of recombinant GDF11 (0.1 mg/KG), in vitro and in vivo muscle stem cell function, regenerative potential, as well as overall muscle function were assessed. Results: Supplementation of systemic GDF11 levels, which normally decline with age, is sufficient to reverse functional impairments and restore genomic integrity in skeletal muscle stem cells. Augmentation of GDF11 levels further improved structural and functional features of resting skeletal muscle, resulting in increased strength and enhanced endurance exercise capacity. Conclusion: Taken together, these data reveal critical mechanisms in the systemic regulation of aging and identify a promising candidate therapeutic for the reversal of age-related skeletal muscle and stem cell dysfunction.
Building better biomarkers: brain models in translational neuroimaging
Woo, Choong-Wan,Chang, Luke J,Lindquist, Martin A,Wager, Tor D NATURE AMERICA 2017 NATURE NEUROSCIENCE Vol.20 No.3
<P>Despite its great promise, neuroimaging has yet to substantially impact clinical practice and public health. However, a developing synergy between emerging analysis techniques and data-sharing initiatives has the potential to transform the role of neuroimaging in clinical applications. We review the state of translational neuroimaging and outline an approach to developing brain signatures that can be shared, tested in multiple contexts and applied in clinical settings. The approach rests on three pillars: (i) the use of multivariate pattern-recognition techniques to develop brain signatures for clinical outcomes and relevant mental processes; (ii) assessment and optimization of their diagnostic value; and (iii) a program of broad exploration followed by increasingly rigorous assessment of generalizability across samples, research contexts and populations. Increasingly sophisticated models based on these principles will help to overcome some of the obstacles on the road from basic neuroscience to better health and will ultimately serve both basic and applied goals.</P>
Frontal-Brainstem Pathways Mediating Placebo Effects on Social Rejection
Koban, Leonie,Kross, Ethan,Woo, Choong-Wan,Ruzic, Luka,Wager, Tor D. Society for Neuroscience 2017 The Journal of neuroscience Vol.37 No.13
<P>Placebo treatments can strongly affect clinical outcomes, but research on how they shape other life experiences and emotional well-being is in its infancy. We used fMRI in humans to examine placebo effects on a particularly impactful life experience, social pain elicited by a recent romantic rejection. We compared these effects with placebo effects on physical (heat) pain, which are thought to depend on pathways connecting prefrontal cortex and periaqueductal gray (PAG). Placebo treatment, compared with control, reduced both social and physical pain, and increased activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) in both modalities. Placebo further altered the relationship between affect and both dlPFC and PAG activity during social pain, and effects on behavior were mediated by a pathway connecting dlPFC to the PAG, building on recent work implicating opioidergic PAG activity in the regulation of social pain. These findings suggest that placebo treatments reduce emotional distress by altering affective representations in frontal-brainstem systems.</P>
Effect of Thick Anisotropic NLC Layer on Lasing in Polymeric Cholesteric Liquid Crystals
송명훈,Hideo Takezoe,Byoungchoo Park,Junji Watanabe,Ken Ihikawa,Ki-Chul hin,uzuhi Nihimura,Takehiro Toyooka,Timothy M. wager,Yoichi Takanihi,Zhengguo Zhu 한국물리학회 2005 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.46 No.2
We have studied the lasing characteristics from a dye-doped nematic liquid crystal layer sandwiched by two polymeric cholesteric liquid crystal films as photonic band gap materials. The nematic layer possessing birefringence brings about the following remarkable optical characteristics: (1) reflectance in the photonic band-gap (PBG) region exceeds 50 %, due to the retardation effect,being unpredictable from a single CLC film; (2) efficient lasing occurs at the notch of PBG; (3) the lasing emissions contain both right- and left-circular polarizations. In this study, we demonstrate that a 100-μm-thick nematic liquid crystal layer system shows several dips, resulting in multi-modelasing actions just at the dips within PBG.