Role of Cation–Water Disorder during Cation Exchange in Small-Pore Zeolite Sodium Natrolite

Lee, Yongmoon,Lee, Jun-Sik,Kao, Chi-Chang,Yoon, Ji-Ho,Vogt, Thomas,Lee, Yongjae American Chemical Society 2013 JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C - Vol.117 No.31

<P>By combining X-ray diffraction with oxygen K-edge absorption spectroscopy we track changes occurring during the K<SUP>+</SUP>–Na<SUP>+</SUP> cation exchange of Na-natrolite (Na-NAT) as tightly bonded Na<SUP>+</SUP> cations and H<SUB>2</SUB>O molecules convert into a disordered K<SUP>+</SUP>–H<SUB>2</SUB>O substructure and the unit cell expands by ca. 10% after 50% cation exchange. The coordination of the confined H<SUB>2</SUB>O and nonframework cations change from a tetrahedral configuration, similar in ice <I>I</I><SUB><I>h</I></SUB>, with Na<SUP>+</SUP> near the middle of the channels in Na-NAT to two-bonded configuration, similar in bulk water, and K<SUP>+</SUP> located near the walls of the framework in K-NAT. This is related to the enhanced ion-exchange properties of K-NAT, which, in marked contrast to Na-NAT, permits the exchange of K<SUP>+</SUP> by a variety of uni-, di-, and trivalent cations.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2013/jpccck.2013.117.issue-31/jp405360s/production/images/medium/jp-2013-05360s_0005.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jp405360s'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

방사광 선원을 이용한 서태평양 해저 금속광물의 상동정 및 반정량 분석

이용문(Yongmoon Lee),이수진(Sujin Lee),이현승(Hyunseung Lee),김표상(Pyosang Kim),김현수(Hyeonsu Kim),성동훈(Donghoon Seoung) 한국암석학회 2022 한국암석학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2022 No.6

Single-Molecule DNA Flow-Stretching Force Spectroscopy with Higher Resolution Using Dark-Field Microscopy

Lee, Ryanggeun,Jeon, Yongmoon,Lee, Jong-Bong 한국물리학회 2019 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol. No.

Natrolites with different Fe^2+/Fe³⁺ cation ratios

Lee, Yongmoon,Vogt, Thomas,Lee, Yongjae Elsevier 2017 Microporous and mesoporous materials Vol.244 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We report the synthesis and structural characterization of two iron-exchanged natrolites, Fe<SUP>2+</SUP> <SUB>4.0</SUB>Fe<SUP>3+</SUP> <SUB>2.7</SUB>Al<SUB>16</SUB>Si<SUB>24</SUB>O<SUB>80</SUB>·29(1)H<SUB>2</SUB>O (Fe-NAT4951) and Fe<SUP>2+</SUP> <SUB>6.4</SUB>Fe<SUP>3+</SUP> <SUB>1.1</SUB>Al<SUB>16</SUB>Si<SUB>24</SUB>O<SUB>80</SUB>·24H<SUB>2</SUB>O (Fe-NAT8119) at different pressures and temperatures using ambient, high-temperature and in-situ high-pressure synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). At ambient conditions, Fe-NAT4951 crystallizes in an orthorhombic structure with space group <B>F</B> <I>dd2</I> whereas the structure of Fe-NAT8119 is monoclinic with <B>C</B> <I>c</I> symmetry. Due to the presence of more H<SUB>2</SUB>O molecules in Fe-NAT4951 the channels are more circular as indicated by a T<SUB>5</SUB>O<SUB>10</SUB> (T = Si,Al) chain rotation angle of 12.6(1)° compared to 20.4(1)° in Fe-NAT8119. The coordination number of the Fe<SUP>2+</SUP> and Fe<SUP>3+</SUP> cations in the channels of Fe-NAT4951 is 3 and 4, whereas Fe-NAT8119 has 7- and 4-fold coordination, respectively. The two materials behave differently under hydrostatic pressures: due to a discontinuous pressure-induced hydration the volume of Fe-NAT8119 expands by 14.1(1) % near 1.0(1) GPa, whereas the volume of Fe-NAT4951 gradually decreases with pressure. Under increasing temperature and as a result of abrupt dehydration, the unit cell volume of Fe-NAT4951 contracts by ca. 8.3(1) % near 125(1) °C whereas Fe-NAT8119 contracts only by ca. 5.0(1) % near 225(5) °C.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Comparative structural study of Fe-NATs at (non-) ambient conditions. </LI> <LI> Mössbauer spectroscopy, Rietveld refinement and EXAFS were examined to characterize Fe-NATs. </LI> <LI> Structural evolutions of Fe-NATs at (non-) ambient conditions were related to distributions of Fe2+ and Fe3+. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Controlled Enhancement in Hole Injection at Gold-Nanoparticle-on-Organic Electrical Contacts Fabricated by Spark-Discharge Aerosol Technique

Lee, Jongcheon,Kim, Hyungchae,Han, Kyuhee,Lee, Yongmoon,Choi, Mansoo,Kim, Changsoon American Chemical Society 2019 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.11 No.6

<P>We demonstrate that hole injection from a top electrode composed of Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) capped with a thick Au layer into an underlying organic semiconductor, <I>N</I>,<I>N</I>′-diphenyl-<I>N</I>,<I>N</I>′-bis-[4-(phenyl-<I>m</I>-tolyl-amino)-phenyl]-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine (DNTPD), is significantly enhanced compared to that in a control device whose top electrode is composed entirely of a thick Au layer. The fabrication of this organic hole-only device with the AuNP electrode is made possible by dry, room-temperature distribution of AuNPs onto DNTPD using a spark-discharge aerosol technique capable of varying the average diameter (<I>D̅</I>) of the AuNPs. The enhancement in hole injection is found to increase with decreasing <I>D̅</I>, with the current density of a device with <I>D̅</I> = 1.1 nm being more than 3 orders of magnitude larger than that of the control device. Intensity-modulated photocurrent measurements show that the built-in potentials of the devices with the AuNP electrode are smaller than that of the control device by as much as 0.68 V, indicating that the enhanced hole injection originates from the increased work functions of these devices, which in turn decreases the hole injection barrier heights. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals that the increased work functions of the AuNP electrodes are due to surface oxidation of the AuNPs resulting in AuN and Au<SUB>3</SUB>N. The degree of oxidation of the AuNPs increases with decreasing <I>D̅</I>, consistent with the <I>D̅</I>-dependencies of the hole injection enhancement and the built-in potential reduction.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

Single-molecule views of MutS on mismatched DNA

Lee, Jong-Bong,Cho, Won-Ki,Park, Jonghyun,Jeon, Yongmoon,Kim, Daehyung,Lee, Seung Hwan,Fishel, Richard Elsevier 2014 DNA repair Vol.20 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Base-pair mismatches that occur during DNA replication or recombination can reduce genetic stability or conversely increase genetic diversity. The genetics and biophysical mechanism of mismatch repair (MMR) has been extensively studied since its discovery nearly 50 years ago. MMR is a strand-specific excision-resynthesis reaction that is initiated by MutS homolog (MSH) binding to the mismatched nucleotides. The MSH mismatch-binding signal is then transmitted to the immediate downstream MutL homolog (MLH/PMS) MMR components and ultimately to a distant strand scission site where excision begins. The mechanism of signal transmission has been controversial for decades. We have utilized single molecule Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (smFRET), Fluorescence Tracking (smFT) and Polarization Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence (smP-TIRF) to examine the interactions and dynamic behaviors of single <I>Thermus aquaticus</I> MutS (TaqMutS) particles on mismatched DNA. We determined that TaqMutS forms an incipient clamp to search for a mismatch in ∼1s intervals by 1-dimensional (1D) thermal fluctuation-driven rotational diffusion while in continuous contact with the helical duplex DNA. When MutS encounters a mismatch it lingers for ∼3s to exchange bound ADP for ATP (ADP→ATP exchange). ATP binding by TaqMutS induces an extremely stable clamp conformation (∼10min) that slides off the mismatch and moves along the adjacent duplex DNA driven simply by 1D thermal diffusion. The ATP-bound sliding clamps rotate freely while in discontinuous contact with the DNA. The visualization of a train of MSH proteins suggests that dissociation of ATP-bound sliding clamps from the mismatch permits multiple mismatch-dependent loading events. These direct observations have provided critical clues into understanding the molecular mechanism of MSH proteins during MMR.</P>

Immobilization of Large, Aliovalent Cations in the Small‐Pore Zeolite K‐Natrolite by Means of Pressure

Lee, Yongjae,Lee, Yongmoon,Seoung, Donghoon,Im, Jun‐,Hyuk,Hwang, Hee‐,Jung,Kim, Tae‐,Hyun,Liu, Dan,Liu, Zhenxian,Lee, Seung Yeop,Kao, Chi‐,Chang,Vogt, Thomas WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2012 Angewandte Chemie Vol.124 No.20

<P><B>Hochdruck‐Ionenaustausch</B> an dem kleinporigen Zeolith K‐Natrolit ermöglicht die Immobilisierung von nominell nicht austauschbaren aliovalenten Kationen wie dreiwertigem Europium. Eine Probe, an der bei 3.0(1) GPa und 250 °C ein Ionenaustausch vorgenommen wurde, enthält ungefähr 4.7 Eu<SUP>III</SUP>‐Ionen pro Elementarzelle, was einem Austausch von über 90 % der K<SUP>+</SUP>‐Ionen entspricht (siehe Bild).</P>

Elastic Behavior of Zeolite Mesolite under Hydrostatic Pressure

Yongjae Lee(이용재),Yongmoon Lee(이용문),Dong-Hoon Seoung(성동훈),Young-Nam Jang(장영남) 대한자원환경지질학회 2009 자원환경지질 Vol.42 No.5

제올라이트 메소라이트(Na5.33Ca5.33Al16Si24O80·21.33H2O)에 대한 고압에서의 회절자료가 200 마이크론 크기로 단색화 된 방사광가속기 X-선원과 다이아몬드 앤빌셀을 사용하여 5 GPa까지 측정되었다. 물과 알코올을 사용한 수압 하에서 메 소라이트의 초기 탄성 특성은 0.5 GPa에서 1.5 GPa 사이에서 일어나는 ab-평면의 연속적인 팽창과 c-축 상의 수축에 기 인한 전체적인 격자부피의 팽창으로 관찰된다. 이후의 압력에서는 회절패턴의 변화로부터 질서-무질서 전이의 증거가 보 여진다. 메소라이트의 c-축에 평행한 채널에는 양이온으로서 소디움과 칼슘이 b-축 방향으로 1:2 비율의 질서 있는 배열 을 보이고 있는데 이로 인해 1.5 GPa까지 에서는 이러한 배열의 증거인 3bnatrolite 격자패턴이 관찰된다. 격자부피의 확장 이후 1.5 GPa 이상에서 2.5 GPa 까지 에서는 격자부피 변화의 정도가 약해지며, 양이온의 무질서적인 배열에 의한 bnatrolite 격자패턴이 관찰된다. 이후 압력의 계속된 증가는 점진적인 격자부피의 감소를 유발시키며 새로운 형태의 질서 있는 배 열상을 지시하는 3cnatrolite 격자패턴으로의 변화를 보여준다. 이로부터 압력에 의한 초수화 상태의 메소라이트는 질서-무 질서-질서 형태의 채널 내부 혹은 채널간의 양이온 배열패턴 변화를 겪는 것으로 추정할 수 있다. Powder diffraction patterns of the zeolite mesolite (Na5.33Ca5.33Al16Si24O80·21.33H2O), with a natrolite framework topology were measured as a function of pressure up to 5.0 GPa using a diamond-anvil cell and a 200 μm-focused monochromatic synchrotron X-ray. Under the hydrostatic conditions mediated by pore-penetrating alcohol and water mixture, the elastic behavior of mesolite is characterized by continuous volume expansion between ca. 0.5 and 1.5 GPa, which results from expansion in the ab-plane and contraction along the c-axis. Subsequent to this anomalous behavior, changes in the powder diffraction patterns suggest possible reentrant order-disorder transition. The ordered layers of sodium- and calcium-containing channels in a 1:2 ratio along the b-axis attribute to the 3bnatrolite cell below 1.5 GPa. When the volume expansion is completed above 1.5 GPa, such characteristic ordering reflections disappear and the bnatrolite cell persists with marginal volume contraction up to ca. 2.5 GPa. Further increase in pressure leads to progressive volume contraction and appears to generate another set of superlattice reflections in the 3cnatrolite cell. This suggests that mesolite in the pressureinduced hydration state experiences order-disorder-order transition involving the motions of sodium and calcium cations either through cross-channel diffusion or within the respective channels.

醫易을 명리학에 적용한 命理正宗 의 「病藥說」 연구

이용문(Lee Yongmoon) 한국문화융합학회 2021 문화와 융합 Vol.43 No.10

명대(明代)의 장남(張楠)의 『명리정종』은 「병약설」로 대표되지만 서락오의 「병약용신취용법」의 모태(母胎)이론으로 알려져 있어 정작 「병약설」의 원뜻은 제대로 전해지지 않고 있다. 「병약설」은 사주원국에서 ‘병(病)’을 진단하고 그 병에 대한 ‘약(藥)’을 쓰는 개념으로 전통의학의 치병의 원칙과도 유사한 개념이다. 사주 8글자를 인체에 비유하며 설명하고 있는 장남은 8글자에서 병이 되는 것을 문제로 삼고, 그 문제를 해결해주는 것을 약으로 쓰는 방식으로 간명한다. 『黃帝內經』과 明代 張介賓의 『類經圖翼』 등을 통해 「병약설」의 이론과 비교해본 결과 방식은 매우 유사하였으며 明代 의학을 특징짓는 醫易사상의 영향을 배제할 수 없을 것으로 보인다. 음양오행학이 가장 발달하여 전수되어 온 동양의학을 통해 학습하고 曆法과 易法을 참구하며 명리를 연구한다는 것은 술사로서 지극히 당연한 과정이라 할 수 있다. 장남의 「병약설」은 동양의학과 『周易』에 그 이론의 근원을 두고 있어 기존의 자평학이 오행의 중화를 추구하는 반면 장남은 동양의학에서 병을 치료하는 원칙인 음과 양의 균형으로 사주를 보는 근본 원칙으로 삼는다. ‘병과 약’은 ‘음과 양’의 개념과 같이 대대관계를 이루며 서로 상반되지만 상호 감응함으로써 조화되어 서로를 완성시켜 준다는 의미가 된다. 장남은 이 둘 사이의 균형을 이루는 것을 중화라고 보는 관점에서 실전명조의 해석을 통해 명리정종 을 완성시켰다. 『Myeongrijeongjong(命理正宗)』 written by Jangnam(張楠) of the Ming period, is represented by 「Byeongyakseol(病藥說)」, but is known as the parent theory of Seorak-oh’s 「Byeongyakyongsinseol(病藥用神說)」, so the original meaning of 「Byeongyakseol(病藥說)」 is not properly conveyed. 「Byeongyakseol(病藥說)」 is similar to the principle of oriental medicine by diagnosing the diseaseand using the medicine for the disease. JangNam(張楠) explains by comparing the eight letters offortune to the human body. And The way he sees fate is to diagnose becoming a disease amongthe eight letters and use it as a medicine to solve it. As a result of comparing 『黃帝內經』 and 『類經圖翼』of JangGaebin(張介賓) with 「Byeongyakseol(病藥說)」, they were very similar. Perhaps the influence of the idea that medicine and the scienceof change are the same, which characterizes medicine of ming period, cannot be ruled out. Professional diviner should learn through oriental medicine, which has been passed on withthe most development of yin-yang and Five-Elements theory, and Oriental calendar and Scienceof Changes. Traditional “Japyeonghak(子平學)” value the even arrangement of five elements(五行). But histheory is different. His theory is the concept of discovering problems in Saju 8 characters andusing solutions to them. His theory developed from Oriental medicine. So he makes it a rule tobalance yin and yang. This is the principle of treating diseases in Oriental medicine. His conceptof ‘problems(病) and solutions(藥)’ is the same as ‘yin and yang’. this means that they are opposedto each other but harmonize and complete each other. He thought it was important to strike abalance between the two. Then, he applied his theory to interpret the actual Saju and completed 『Myongrijeongjong(命理正宗)』.

徐樂吾의 「用神取用法」 연구

이용문(Lee Yongmoon) 한국문화융합학회 2021 문화와 융합 Vol.43 No.8

명리학의 3대 필독서라고 평가되는 적천수(滴天髓) , 자평진전(子平眞詮) , 궁통보감(窮通寶鑑) 을 평주한서락오(徐樂吾)는 근 현대 명리학이 체계적인 논리구조를 갖추는데 큰 공헌을 하였다. 하지만, 원작의 중요한 용어와 이론에 대한 자의적인 해석으로 고전에 대한 오해를 불러일으켜 논란의 대상이 되기도 하였었다. 국내의 경우 명리학 원서의 번역본 대부분이 서락오가 평주한 저술들을 앞세웠기 때문에 국내 명리학계에서서락오의 영향력은 절대적이다. 따라서 서락오의 이론을 먼저 접하고 명리학의 고전을 볼 경우 기본적인 용어와개념에 대한 혼란으로 고전에 대한 이해가 쉽지 않은 경우가 많다. 게다가 서락오의 용신취용법은 주요 고전들의 대표이론들을 간략하게 정리하면서 이루어진 것이라서 서락오의 이론은 이해하기는 쉽지만 고전의 이론을 이해하는 데에는 장해(障害)요인으로 작용하기도 한다. Seo Rak-oh, who annotated Jeokcheonsu , Japyeongjinjeon and Gungtongbogam which are considered the three must-read books of Myeongri-hak, contributed greatly to the systematic logical structure of modern and contemporary Myeongri-hak. However, the arbitrary interpretation of the important terms and theories of the original book caused misunderstanding of the classics and became a subject of controversy. In Korea, the influence of Seo Rak-oh in the domestic Myeongri-hak world is absolute, as most of the translations of the original books were based on Seo Rak-oh’s writings. Therefore, it is often difficult to understand the classics due to confusion over basic terms and concepts when one encounters Seo Rak-oh’s theory first and sees the classics of Myungri-hak. Moreover, Seo Rak-oh’s Yongshin Selection Method was made by briefly organizing the representative theories of major classics, so Seo Rak-oh’s theory is easy to understand, but it also acts as an obstacle to understanding classical theories.