저전압 SoC용 밴드갭 기준 전압 발생기 회로 설계

이태영,이재형,김종희,심외용,김태훈,박무훈,하판봉,김영희,Lee, Tae-Young,Lee, Jae-Hyung,Kim, Jong-Hee,Shim, Oe-Yong,Kim, Tae-Hoon,Park, Mu-Hun,Ha, Pan-Bong,Kim, Young-Hee 한국정보통신학회 2008 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.12 No.1

The band-gap reference voltage generator which can be operated by low voltage is proposed in this paper. The proposed BGR circuit can be realized in logic process by using parasitic NPN BJTs because a $Low-V_T$ transistors are not necessary. The proposed BGR circuit is designed and fabricated using $0.18{\mu}m$ triple-well process. The mean voltage of measured VREF is 0.72V and the three sigma$(3{\sigma})$ is 45.69mv. 본 논문에서는 $Low-V_T$ 트랜지스터가 필요 없는 로직공정으로 Parasitic NPN BJT를 이용하여 저 전압에서 동작 가능한 밴드갭 기준전압 발생기 회로를 제안하였다. $0.18{\mu}m$ triple-well 공정을 사용한 BGR회로를 측정 한 결과 VREF의 평균전압은 0.72V $3{\sigma}$는 45.69mV로 양호하게 측정되었다.

내장형 펌핑 커패시터를 사용한 TFT-LCD 구동 IC용 전하펌프 설계

임규호,송성영,박정훈,이용진,이천효,이태영,조규삼,박무훈,하판봉,김영희,Lim, Gyu-Ho,Song, Sung-Young,Park, Jeong-Hun,Li, Long-Zhen,Lee, Cheon-Hyo,Lee, Tae-Yeong,Cho, Gyu-Sam,Park, Mu-Hun,Ha, Pan-Bong,Kim, Young-Hee 한국정보통신학회 2007 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.11 No.10

본 논문에서는 TFT-LCD 구동 IC 모듈의 소형화 측면에서 유리한 DC-DC 변환기 회로인 펌핑 커패시터 내장형 크로스-커플드 전하펌프(Cross-Coupled Charge Pump with Internal Pumping Capacitor) 회로가 새롭게 제안되었다. VGH 및 VGL 전하펌프 각각의 입력단과 전하 펌핑 노드를 연결하는 NMOS 및 PMOS 다이오드를 두어, 초기 동작 시 전하 펌핑 노드를 서로 같은 값으로 프리차지하여 대칭 적으로 전하 펌핑을 하도록 하였다. 그리고 첫 번째 전하 펌프의 구조를 다르게 설계하여 펌핑된 전하가 입력단으로 역류되는 현상을 방지하였다. 또한, 펌핑 클럭 구동 드라이버의 위치를 펌핑 커패시터 바로 앞에 두어 기생 저항으로 인한 펌핑 클럭 라인의 전압강하를 방지하여 구동능력을 향상 시켰다. 마지막으로 내장형 펌핑 커패시터를 Stack-MIM 커패시터를 사용하여 기존의 크로스-커플드 전하펌프 보다 레이아웃 면적을 최소화하였다. 제안된 TFT-LCD 구동 IC 용 전하펌프 회로를 $0.13{\mu}m$ Triple-Well DDI 공정을 사용하여 설계하고, 테스트 칩을 제작하여 검증하였다. A cross-coupled charge pump with internal pumping capacitor, witch is advantages from a point of minimizing TFT-LCD driver IC module, is newly proposed in this paper. By using a NMOS and a PMOS diode connected to boosting node from VIN node, the pumping node is precharged to the same value each pumping node at start pumping operation. Since the lust-stage charge pump is designed differently from the other stage pumps, a back current of pumped charge from charge pumping node to input stage is prevented. As a pumping clock driver is located the font side of pumping capacitor, the driving capacity is improved by reducing a voltage drop of the pumping clock line from parasitic resistor. Finally, a layout area is decreased more compared with conventional cross-coupled charge pump by using a stack-MIM capacitors. A proposed charge pump for TFT-LCD driver IC is designed with $0.13{\mu}m$ triple-well DDI process, fabricated, and tested.

Alachlor 農藥廢水의 오존酸化

李武康,黃泰九 경성대학교 1989 論文集 Vol.10 No.1

The batch and cotinuous study were performed to determine the optimum condition for the ozonization of alachlor. In the batch study, alachlor removal per unit ozone application rate was found to be 1.44 when the initial concentration of alachlor was 5 folds or greater than the ozone concentration. Alachlor removal was inhibited with the addition of NH??Cl and methanol. The removal, however, increased with pH and temperature. A continuous ozone oxidation study was also performed with alachlor wastewater. The COD removal efficiency was 21.4% at 10 minutes of reaction time, but alachlor removal was 3.8% only.

생약 배합에 따른 탈모 방지 및 발모 촉진에 관한 연구

김무영,곽제훈,박정미,이진태,안봉전 경산대학교 생명자원개발연구소 2002 생명자원과 산업 Vol.6 No.-

본 연구에서 생약 추출물을 이용한 탈모 방지 및 발모 촉진에 대한 효과를 검증하고자 Norwood's V형 1명, Ⅵ형 1명, Ⅶ형 2명의 성인 남자 4명과 Ludwig's Ⅱ형의 여자 2명 모두 6명을 대상으로 8개월간 생약 도포와 복용을 동시에 실시하여 두피 변화와 발모 효과에 관찰하였다. 생약 추출물을 도포하고 복용한 이후, 탈모 수가 점차 줄어들고 있어 탈모 방지에 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 지정한 부위의 모발 생성을 찾아 볼 수 있었다. 도포 및 복용 실험 전 피검자들의 1㎠ 당 평균 모발수는 평균 150개의 모발이 생성되고 있는 정상인의 1/3 수준에도 이르지 못하는 약 44개였으나, 생약 추출물의 도포와 복용 실험에 들어간 지 3개월 후에는 두피 1㎠ 당 평균 약 57개로, 6개월 후에는 평균 약 88개로 각각 증가하였다. 도포 및 복용 후 발모로 인해 대인관계에 자신감을 느낄 수 있었으며, 미용에 관심을 더 갖게 되는 등 피검자들이 실험에 만족하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 현재 생약 추출물은 식품 개발과 함께 의약품, 향미료, 화장품, 염료 등 다양한 상품으로 개발되고 있듯이, 본 연구에 활용한 생약 추출물도 모근의 혈액 순환을 촉진시켜 건강한 두피 유지와 모발 생성, 미용 생체 활성 물질로 응용할 여지가 크다고 생각된다. This study was conducted to examine the effect of herb extract on hair loss prevention and hair growth promotion. Four baldheaded men and two partly baldheaded women were selected as the subjects of this study. After they took the herb medicine and sprayed the herb extractant, the change of hair and scalp condition, hair roots, the number of hairs, and thickness of hairs was examined. It appeared that the amount of hair loss decreased gradually and new thin hairs were generated after receiving the treatment. Before the treatment, the average number of hairs in 1㎠ was approximately 44, which was below one third of that of normal people who had about 150 hairs in the 1㎠. After spraying and taking the herb extract for three months, the average number of hairs increased to 57, and it increased to 88 after another three months. It gradually improved and finally maintained healthy condition. According to their response, they felt confident in personal relations due to hair generation and growth. They were also concerned about beauty more than before. More than half of them were satisfied with the treatment. As herb extracts have being developed as various products such as medicine, perfume, cosmetics, and dyes, the herb extract which was used in this study can be applied to maintenance of healthy scalp, generation of hair, and active materials for beauty.

표재성 기저세포 상피종 1예

윤태진,이무형,김낙인,허충림 慶熙大學校 醫科大學 1991 慶熙 醫大 論文集 Vol.16 No.1

마이크로 센서에의 응용을 위한 SnO₂_(-x)열산화 박막의 특성

김태훈,정완영,홍영호,백종무,최만식,이덕동 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1994 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.5 No.1

SnO_(2-x) thin films were prepated by thermal evaporation of metal tin granules on silicon wafer and were oxidized under various furnace termperature in exposure to O_(2). Mobility, carrier concerntration and resistivity of the SnO_(2-x) thin films were measured by Hall effect measurement and 4-point probe method. The temperature profile in thermal oxidation showed great effects on electric properites and surface structures of the thin films. The thin films were used for the sensing membrane of C_(4)H_(10) microsensor. The contact characteristics of Pt electrode-SnO_(2-x) and sensing properties of the films were investigated.

이종연료 층상분사를 이용한 디젤엔진을 NOx와 soot동시 저감에 관한 연구(제2보)

하종률,강병무,안현찬,이태원,윤수한 東亞大學校 2001 東亞論叢 Vol.38 No.-

To investigate the method of the simultaneous reduction of Soot and NOx, we developed a new conception for dual fuel stratified injection system in a Diesel Engine. Some parts of the injection system, ie. nozzle holder, delivery vale, were remodeled to inject diesel and methanol in order from one injector. The quantity of diesel and methanol was controled precisely by micrometers that were mounted at control lack of injection pump. The real injection quantity ratio of dual fuel was certificated by volumetric ratio at injection Quantity experiment. We could confirm the capability that soot and NOx simultaneously were reduced by diesel-methanol stratified injection from the results of combustion and exhaust characteristic.

Oyster(Crassostrea gigas) shell에 의한 重金屬 吸着除去 特性에 관한 硏究

황선치,우용태,이무강 慶星大學校 環境問題硏究所 1994 環境硏報 Vol.4 No.1

The purpose of this study was to find out the characteristics of oyster shell powder as a absorbent and remover of heavy metal ions such as Cd(Ⅱ), Cu(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) and to get an information to reduce water contamination and destruction of underwater ecosystem by the application of oyster shell powder as a remover of the heavy metal ions. (1) When oyster shell powder was utilized as a remover of the heavy metal ions, the removing ability of 1 gram oyster shell powder to the ions of Cd(Ⅱ), Cu(Ⅱ), and Pb(Ⅱ) was 4.945㎎,1.9946㎎ and 14.970㎎, respectively, and the removing rate was above 99%. (2) In the case of varying the concentration of the heavy metal ions, Cd(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) were removed above 90% so far as 150㎎/ℓ, whereas the removing rate of Cu(Ⅱ) beagan to decrease at the concentration over 70㎎/ℓ. The removing rates of the heavy metal ions were ordered as Pb(Ⅱ), Cd(Ⅱ), and Cu(Ⅱ), and each adsorption Constant of Cd(Ⅱ) and Cu(Ⅱ) was 3.353 and 1.792. But because of the result of experimentation in dilute solution. the adsorption Constant of Pb(Ⅱ) could not be decided. The size of adsorption zone was 4.8cm. (3) The removing ability of oyster shell powder to the heavy metal ions was ordered as Pb(Ⅱ) Cd(Ⅱ) and Cu(Ⅱ), but that of activated carbon powder was differently ordered as Pb(Ⅱ), Cu(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ). However, a total of the removing ability of oyster shell powder was highe, than that of activated corbon powder under the same condition of experiment. (4) At the concentration of the heavy metal ions of 50㎎/ℓ, break-through curve was formed and the size of Vz was 128㎖. Because the removing ability of oyster shell powder to the heavy metal ions is made from both adsorptive removal and hydrate precipitation, it will be a good neutralizer and absorven of heavy metal ions in acid water especially, and contribnte to reduce water contamination and to preserve underwater ecosystem.

일 농촌지역에서 발기부전의 유병률 및 상관 요인

홍진표,송해철,이무송,이창화,안준호,한오수,안태영,김성윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.6

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) in a rural area of Korea and to examine the relationship between the prevalence and correlates of subjects. Method : This study was done as a part of the chronic disease survey of rural area by the Asan Foundation. Among 30 years or older population from Jung Eup, a rural area of Korea, 711 male subjects were sampled using a cluster probability sampling method. Trained interviewers visited and interviewed subjects aged 30 years or older with a structured interview. ED was categorized as 'none', 'mild', 'moderate', or 'severe' according to the ability to 'attain and/or maintain an erection satisfactory for sexual intercourse'. Response rate was 54.3% (N=386). Results : The age weighted prevalence of ED was 27.2% (minimal 14.1%, moderate 7.6%, severe 5.5%). Prevalence and severity increased with age. Liver disease and underweight were significantly (p<0.05) associated with ED. Smoking seemed to be correlated with ED, but did not reach statistically significant level. Conclusion : ED was highly prevalent in the rural community of Korea. Medical, sociodemographic, and lifestyle variables associated with ED may alert physicians to patients at risk for ED and offer insight to its etiology.

스포츠 현장에서 사고 분쟁해결을 위한 법적 구조 및 그 효용성 분석

박형상,육조영,김우규,이재봉,유관호,이무연,박태민,이신언 한국스포츠리서치 2005 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.16 No.2

1. The purpose of this study is to reflect reality of sports to legal structure. This author classified types of sports related accidents as match accidents, school accidents, leisure and living sports accidents. Out of such accidents common factors such as 'the provider of virtue' and 'user' could be deduced and this author reviewed what kinds of obligations must be shouldered by these people respectively. In particular this author stressed the fact that disproportionate emphasis is placed on malfeasance in disposition of dispute over the sports accidents. Malfeasance is a method for seeking relief through money after the accident. However default in an obligation enables supplementary completion when it is not performed or imperfectly performed. Thus if object which must be performed is providing safety then it is possible to secure safety prior to accident. Furthermore at such time mistake of the debtor can not become a factor. For this reason this line of thinking has the following merits: (1) In comparison with constitution of malfeasance default of an obligation has long prescription. It seems that such fact was a motivation for saving obligation for safety consideration by making it fall under the principle of faith. (2) Default of an obligation is not an obligation for ordinary attention which is cause of malfeasance but it takes up issue with obligation for attention required for performance. Game organization, sponsor and spectators etc. shares certain sense of identity and are demanded to have manners. As method for evaluation of such relationship of faith it may be possible to impose a special kind of obligation for attention and it will be close to constitution of default of an obligation. (3) Imposing obligation for provision clarifies that such responsibility belongs to game organizations promoting sports to which anyone can participates or to national or public organizations, sponsor, schools which induced such sports as a part of its educational programs, installer who made people use it as leisure facility or person in charge for its management. (4) It is also applicable to umpires, players or spectators who use field of sports. It is possible to reflect reality whereby these people specifically relate themselves to sports. In consequence it will be possible to make people feel the necessity of expanding the principals of sports from 'doers' to 'watchers.' (5) The obligation of provision is an obligation under the principle of faith therefore mutual negotiation may be expected to clarify such fact. It may be also evaluated by effectuation of users' self-determining right. 2. If the above mentioned structure is provided then, although it is limited to sports, students who are subjects of instruction, seminar attendants, and furthermore players who finished games may be obligated to bear responsibility for safety consideration under the principle of faith. Accordingly level of relief for considerable number of victims may be increased as cases of treating even borrowed materials as default of obligation being expanded. 3. As scope of responsibility becomes more clearer it will be possible to prevent disputes while securing more safety as rules and regulations become more clearly enacted or new contract is signed or existing contract is revised.