흰쥐 악하선 세포에서 gap junction 봉쇄제인 octanol이 타액분비 및 세포내 Ca²+ 농도 조절에 미치는 영향

이승일,서정택,이종갑,이주석,손흥규 大韓小兒齒科學會 1999 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.26 No.2

세포내 유리칼슘(free calcium. Ca²+)은 세균에서 고등동물에 이르기까지 거의 모든 세포에서 세포 고유작용을 조절하는 중요한 세포내 신호전달체계(signal transduction system)의 매개체이다. 타액선 세포에서 부교감 신경 자극으로 타액분비가 증가될 때에도 세포내 Ca²+ 농도 증가가 가장 중요한 역할을 한다. 그러나 췌장(pancreas)의 경우 세포내 Ca²+ 이외에도 인접세포를 전기적, 화학적으로 연결해주는 gap junction이 외분비 기능을 직접적으로 조절할 가능설이 제시되었다. 타액선 세포에서도 세포막에 고농도의 gap junction이 존재하고 있으며, gap junction을 통해 인접세포들이 전기적, 화학적으로 연계되어 있어 gap junction이 타액선 세포의 기능을 직접적으로 조절할 가능성을 내포하고 있다. 따라서 gap junction이 타액선의 타액분비 작용에도 중요한 역할을 하며 이러한 작용이 세포내Ca²+ 농도를 조절하여 이루어질 것이라는 가정하에 이를 확인하는 실험을 시행하였다. 흰쥐 악하선에서 유리되는 타액양을 측정하기 위해서 악하선으로 혈액을 공급하는 동맥에 가는 관을 삽입하여 생리 식염수를 관류하면서 타액선관을 통해 타액을 채취하였다. 세포내Ca²+ 농도는 분리한 악하선 acini 내에Ca²+ 농도 변화에 민감하게 반응하는 형광물질인 fura-2를 축적시키고 형광 분석기를 사용하여 형광강도를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. CCh 투여로 타액 분비가 증가하였을 때 gap junction을 봉쇄하는 약물인 octanol(1 mM)을 투여하면 타액분비가 봉쇄되었으며 이는 가역적 반응이었다. 2. CCh 투여로 세포내 Ca²+ 농도가 증가하였을 때 1mM octanol을 투여하면 세포내 Ca²+농 도가 CCh 투여전의 상태로 감소되었다. 3. Octanol은 CCh에 의하여 유발된 초기Ca²+ 증가를 억제하지는 못한 반면에 후기 vvvvv 농도를 감소시켰다. 4. 세포막 Ca²+ 통로를 열어주는 약물인 thapsigarain(1μM)을 투여하여 세포내Ca²+ 농도를 증가시킨 후 1mM octanol을 투여하면 세포내 Ca²+ 농도가 thapsigarain 투여 전의 상태로 감소하였다. 5. 2,5-di-tert-butyl-1, 4-benzohydroquinone (TBQ)의 투여로 세포막을 통한 Ca²+농도의 주기적 변동인Ca²+ 의 oscillation이 유발되었는데, 이때 1mM octanol을 투여한 경우에 Ca²+ 농도의 oscillation이 정지하여 역시 gap juncion을 봉쇄하면 TBQ에 의해서 유발된 세포내 Ca²+ 농도의 주기적 변동이 사라지고 Ca²+ 농도의 감소가 나타남을 확인하였다. 6. Gap junction을 봉쇄하는 또 다른 약물인 glycyrrhetinic acid(100μM)도 CCh 자극으로 인한 타액분비를 억제하였다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 gap junction은 흰쥐 악하선 세포로부터의 타액분비 조절에 중요한 역할을 하는 이는 gap junction이 세포막 Ca²+ 통로를 조절함으로써 수용체 자극으로 유발된 세포내 농도 변화에 영향을 미친 결과인 것으로 추측된다. From bacteria to mammalian cells, one of the most important mediators of intracellular signal transduction mechanisms which regulate a variety of intracellular processes is free calcium. In salivary acinar cells, elevation of intracellular calcium concentration ( 〔Ca²+〕 ) is essential for the salivary secretion induced by parasympathetic stimulation. However, in addition to〔Ca²+〕, gap junctions which couple individual cells electrically and chemically have also been reported to regulate enzyme secretion in pancreatic acinar cells. Since the plasma membrane of salivary acinar cells has a high density of gap junctions, and these cells are electrically and chemically coupled with each other, gap junctions may modulate the secretory function of salivary glands. In this reapect, I planned to investigate the role of gap junctions in the modulation of salivary secretion and 〔Ca²+〕 using mandibular salivary glands of rats. In order to measure the salivary flow rate, fluid was collected from the cannulated duct of the isolated perfused rat mandibular glands at 2 min intervals.〔Ca²+〕 was measured form the cells loaded with fura-2 by spectrofluorometry. The results obtained were as follows : 1. CCh-induced salivary secretion was reversibly inhibited by 1 mM octanol, a gap junction blocker. 2. CCh-induced increase in 〔Ca²+ 〕was also reversed by the applocation of 1 mM octanol. 3. Octanol did not block the initial increase in 〔Ca²+〕 caused by CCh, which suggested that the reduction of〔Ca²+〕 caused by gap junction blockade was not resulted from the inhibition of Ca²+ release from intracellular Ca²+ stores. 4. Addition of octanol during stimulation with 1μM thapsigargin, a potent microsomal ATPase inhibitor, reduced 〔Ca²+ 〕to the basal level. This suggested that inhibition of gap junction permeability closed plasma membrane Ca²+ channels. 5. 2,5-di-tert-butyl-1, 4-benzohydroquinone (TBQ) generated 〔Ca²+ 〕oscillations resulting from periodic influx of Ca²+ via plasma membrane. The TBQ-induced〔Ca²+ 〕 oscillations were stopped by the application of 1mM octanol which implicated that gap junctions modulate the permeability of plasma membrane Ca²+ channels. 6. Glycyrrhetinic acid, another well known gap junction blocker, also inhibited CCh-induced salivary secretion from rat mandibular glands. These results suggested that gap junctions play an important role in the modulation of fluid secretion from the fat mandibular glands and this was probably due to the inhibition ofCa²+ influx through the plasma membrane Ca²+ channels.

수평 매복된 상악 견치의 교정적 견인

최형준,이종은,이제호,이종갑 大韓小兒齒科學會 2003 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.30 No.4

치아 매복은 구강점막이나 악골내에서 치아의 맹출이 중지된 상태를 의미하며, 제 3구대구치와 상악 견치에서 호발한다. 상악 견치의 매복은 주로 측절치가 상실되거나 왜소한 경우와 연관성이 높지만 치배의 위치 이상과 같이 유전적인 요소와도 관련될 수 있다. 매복치는 심미적, 기능적으로 여러 가지 문제점을 야기하므로 조기에 진단하여 치료하는 것이 중요하며, 매복치의 상태에 따라서 치료 방법을 적절하게 선택하여야 한다. 본 증례는 11세 여아에서 구개측으로 수평 매복된 상악 우측 견치의 치료를 보고한 것으로, 매복치는 외과적 수술을 동반한 교정적 견인 방법을 사용하여 기능적, 심미적으로 회복되었다. 견인 치료는 매복 견치의 맹출 공간을 확보하면서 이루어졌으며, 치료 종료 후 매복 견치는 치근 흡수와 같은 합병증 없이 적절한 부착치은을 확보하여 양호하게 위치되었다. Tooth impaction is defined as a cessation of the eruption of a tooth at the level of the oral mucosa or alveolar bone. Maxillary canines are the most frequently impacted teeth next to the third molar. Maxillary canine impaction is associated with congenital missing of lateral incisors, peg lateralis and genetic factors such as ectopic positioning of a tooth germ. The clinicians have an important role in early detectionof tooth impaction for prevention of esthetic and functional problems. There are specific methods to treat impacted tooth for different conditions. In this case, an 11-year-old girl with a horizontally impacted maxillary right canine in a palatal position was treated through orthodontic traction along with surgical button attachment procedure. On regaining of eruption space, canine traction was performed. At the completion of treatment, the canine was positioned fairly within the arch with proper keratinized gingiva and complications such as root resorption were not observed.

Preventive Glass lonomer Restoration의 치험증례

이종갑,이주헌,손흥규,최병재 大韓小兒齒科學會 1993 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.20 No.2

The “preventive glass ionomer restoration ”was first described by Garcia-Godoy in 1986, which was a variation of the preventive resin restoration. The preventive glass ionomer restoration has disadvantages of low wear resistance, technique sensitive, and no long term clinical evaluation. However, it has advantages as mininal setting shrinkage, fluoride release, chemical bonding to dentin and enamel, coefficient of thermal expansion sinilar to that of tooth structure, and low pulpal toxicity. Therefore, applying this technique on low stress bearing area of initial carious lesion can be a good restorative method.

상아질 접착제를 사용한 광중합 복합레진과 Glass lonomer Cement의 전단 결합력에 관한 연구

이제호,이종갑,권병렬,최형준 大韓小兒齒科學會 1996 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.23 No.2

The purpose of this study was to compare shear bond strength of composite resin using several dentin bonding agents and light cured glass ionomer cement(Fuji Ⅱ LC). 40 Bovine primary anterior teeth were used for this experiment.Labial surface of teeth were flattened.It were divided into four groups.Each group was composed of 10 teeth.The material used for this experiment were Scotchbond Multipurpose-Z-100,Allbond 2-Aelitefil,Gluma-Pekalux,light and cured glass ionomer cement(Fuji Ⅱ LC). Each of the materials was applied to the exposed surface of 10 teeth by insertion into a cylindrical shaped matrix which is 3mm diamiter and 3mm in height. The completed specimens were stored at 37℃ under 100% humidity for 24 hours:the shear bond strength of material to detin surface were measured with INSTRON universal testing machine. The results were as follows: 1.Shear bond strength to detin surface increased in oder of light cured glass ionomer cement(Fuji Ⅱ LC),Gluma,Allbond 2,Scotchbond Multipurpose. 2.Between shear bond strength of light cured glass ionomer cement(Fuji Ⅱ LC) and Allbond 2,there was statistical significace(P<0.05). 3.Between shear bond strength of light cured glass ionomer cement(Fuji Ⅱ LC) and Scotchbond Multipurpose,between shear bond strength of Gluma and Scotchbond Multipurpose,there was statistical significace(P<0.01). The shear bond strength of detin bonding agents were higher than light cured glass ionomer cement.The reason is that material and quality of detin bonding agent were enhanced.Further investigation is necessary to improve shear bond strength of light cured glass ionomer cement.

Peripheral odontogenic fibroma에 관한 증례보고

이제호,최형준,이종갑,장태숙 大韓小兒齒科學會 1996 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.23 No.3

The peripheral odontogenic fibroma (WHO type) is a relatively rare and characteristically benign and unencapsulated, exophytic gingival mass of fibrous connective. Odontogenic epithelium is found within the gingival mass, but usually appears to play a minor role when compared to the fibrous component. The connective tissue is ranged from markedly cellular to relatively acellular and well collagenized. but the connective tissue in this case report appears less cellular. Peripheral odontogenic fibroma must be differentiated histologically from peripheral ossifying fibroma, Peripheral cemental epithelial odontogenic tumor and Peripheral ameloblastoma. The author reports the following conclusions after clinical and radiological examination, excisional biopsy and reviewing literatures. 1. Peripheral odontogenic fibroma is rare lesion and frequently occurs in interdental papila as a form of fibroblastic connective tissue including odontogenic epithelium within the lesion. 2. Peripheral odontogenic fibroma must be differentially diagnosed with Peripheral ossifying fibroma by including less cellular connective tissue, odontogenic epithelium and dysplastic dentin. 3. Treatment consists of surgical excision including removal of alveolar bone which is eroded under the lesion.

납 폭로 근로자에서 δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase 유전형질이 zinc protoporphyrin 및 δ-aminolevulinic acid에 미치는 영향

이병국,황규윤,장봉기,김용배,리갑수,안현철,김화성,이성수,안규동,박종범 순천향대학교 산업의학연구소 1999 순천향산업의학 Vol.5 No.1

The inhibition of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) in the heme synthetic pathway results in increased protophoryphyrin (ZPP) and δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and is responsible for some of toxicological effects of lead. This enzyme is coded by the ALAD gene containing 2 co-dominant alleles. The polymorphisms of ALAD gene may be related to differential effects of lead on ZPP and ALA, ALAD genotype was measured in 975 Korean male lead workers, of whom 897 were homozygous for ALAD1 (ALAD 1-1 genotype) and 96 were heterozygous for ALAD2 (ALAD 1-2 genotype). Blood lead in subjects with ALAD1 was significantly higher than those with ALAD2 (p = 0.01). No difference between ALAD genotypes was found for age, exposure duration, ZPP, ALA, hemoglobin, hematocrit, body mass index, tobacco and alcohol use. After adjustment for possible confounders, ALA and ZPP became significantly elevated in ALAD1 subjects (p = 0.004 and 0.055, respectively). This result suggests that ALAD1 subjects may be more susceptible to the hematotoxicologic effects of lead than ALAD2 subjects.

가성부갑상선기능저하증 환아의 구강내 증상에 관한 증례보고

이종갑,최병재,이제호,장지영 大韓小兒齒科學會 1999 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.26 No.3

부갑상선기능저하증은 혈장내 칼슘 농도에 반응해 분비되는 부갑상선 호르몬의 분비가 비정상적으로 감소된 상태를 의미한다.이에 반해 가성부갑상선기능저하증은 부갑상선의 기능은 정상이나 뇨세관과 파골세포등의 말단기관들이 부갑상선 호르몬에 반응하지 않는 질환이며,원인은 이들 호르몬이 결합하는 수용성 성분인 Guanin protein을 결정하는 GS gene의 돌연변이에 의한다. 부갑상선기능저하증은 평균8-9세에 발병하며 대부분이 20세 이전에 호발하게 되는데,이 질환에 이환된 경우 특징적으로 뇌,호르몬 기관,연골세포등에 존재하는 GS gene의 돌연변이로 인해 성장 및 발육부전,둥근 얼굴,비만,허리만곡증,외골증등이 생기며,조기 골단 폐쇄로 인한 중수골 및 중족골의 왜소증이 나타난다.그리고 공통적으로 갑상선 자극 호르몬,생식 호르몬,glucagon등의 다수 호르몬에 대해서도 반응하지 않는다. 이들의 치과적 특징은,법량질의 형성부전과 맹출 지연이 가장 일반적이고 치배의 무형성,치배결손,짧고 이형성된 치근과 넓어진 치수강,왜소치,치수내 석회화,부정교합 등도 자주 보고되고 있다. 가상부갑상선기능저하증으로 진단된 본 증례 환아의 구강내 소견으로는 전반적으로 짧고 미발육된 영구치 치근과 소구치 및 대구치의 맹출 지연과 미맹출,제 1,2 소구치와 제 2 대구치이 형성 부전양상이 보이고 있다. 이에 저자는 연세대학교 치과병원 소아치과에 내원한 가상부갑상선기능저하증 환자를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고한는 바이다. Hypoparathyroidism has abnomally decreased secretion of parathyroid hormon which responds to the blood calcium level.Whereas, Pseudohypoparathyroidism has normal activity of thyroid hormon,but end-organs,such as uninary tract and osteocalst,do not respond to parathyroid hormon.The cause of this disease is due to the mutation of Guanine stimulating(Gs)protein regulating Gs gene,which is the receptor to this hormon. Pseudohypoparathyroidism is usually noted before 20 years old average of 8-9 years old.The clinical features of this disease includes delayed growth and development,round face,obesity,soft tissue calcification,ectopic ossification,shortening of metacarpals and metatarsals by epiphyseal closure in advance of age. The mutation of Gs gene which are found in brain,endocrine organs,and chondrocytes is the cause of those features. Reaction to Glucagon,gonadal hormon,and thyroid stimulating hormon is not expected in both cases. The common dental manifestations include enamel hypoplasia,delayed eruption,agenesis of tooth,hypodotia,dysplastic short roots,widened pulpal space,microdontia,intrapulpal calcification,and malocclusion are also often reported. This case which is diagnosed to Pseudohypoparathyroidism showed short and under developed root of permanent teeth,delayed eruption,and non-eruption of premolars and molars.And morphogenesis imperfecta of first and second premolars were also found.

백혈병 아동의 구강소견 : 증례보고

이제호,이종갑,손흥규,이선희 大韓小兒齒科學會 1995 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.22 No.2

Leukemia is a malignant neoplasm of blood forming organs that accompanies oral manifestations and has the highest prevalence among the neoplasms of childhood. The author reports the following conclusions after clinical and radiographic examination of leukemic chidren who visited the Yonsei Dental Cooege; 1. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia has the better prognosis and favorable oral signs than acute myeloblastic leukemia. 2. Oral signs are gingival enlargement, gingval bleeding, ulcerative lesions of oral mucosa, lymphadenopathy, mandibular pain and paralysis. 3. On the radiographs, loss of developing crypt, periapical radiolucency, displacement of tooth germ, and loss of lamina dura are seen. 4. During the remission period, recovery of clinical and intrabony lesions can be found. 5. According to the radiologic examination, the most affected teeth are posterior teeth. 6. Leukemia is not only dangerous disease by itself but also highly dangerous chemothermpeutic procedure so consultation with the physician before the treatment is requred.

구호흡을 동반한 증식성 치은염 환자의 치료증례

이종갑,이남형,손흥규,김형태 大韓小兒齒科學會 1993 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.20 No.2

Mouth breathing gives direct irritation to gingival tissue and increases gingivitis by increasing debris deposite. Generally, it is reported that gingivitis increases at puberty and it is mainly caused by microbial change and hormonal imbalance. This study included generalized gingivitis accompanying mouth breathing and localized gingival hypertrophy. This 11 years old female patient had no past medical history but she had menarchy a year ago. As a treatment, primarily eliminated the cause of mouth breathing and conducted tooth brushing instruction, scaling, and gingivectomy which resulted good.

3차원 전산화 단층촬영을 이용한 상악 정중 과잉치의 진단

이종갑,김성오,홍영우,손흥규 大韓小兒齒科學會 1998 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.25 No.3

저자는 매복된 상악 정중 광잉치를 주소로 내원한 환아를 3차원 전산화 단층촬영술을 이용해 매복된 과잉치의 위치를 파악하였으며 다음의 결론을 얻었다. 1. 인접한 영구치에 대한 위해한 영향을 주지 않기 위해 상악 정중 매복 과잉치의 정확한 위치 편별이 요구된다. 2. 3차원 전산화 단층촬영법은 매복 과잉치의 위치판별에 있어서 객관적인 중요한 정보를 제공한다. The prevalence of the supernumerary tooth is 1~4%. It usually occurs in the permanent dentition. It frequently occurs in the maxillary midpalatal area. The presence of the supernumerary tooth causes the following problems;(1) interfering the eruption of successional tooth, (2) displacing the neighboring teeth, (3) resulting large diastema, (4) forming cystic change. So the supernumerary tooth should be remobed as soon as oissuble. To extract the supernumerary tooth, the exact position must be noticed first. Radiographic techniques that were used in the past are tube shift technique, right angle technique, sterioradiography, using radiopaque contrast media and conventional tomography. But these methods include the subjective opinion of the operator. So, a technique eliminating the operator's opinion and showing the position 3-dimentionally can be used. 3-dimentional computed tomography eqipped with dental softwares can show the position of the impated supernumerally tooth in 3-dimentionally position. It has an adzantage to eliminate the subjective opinion of the operator with a fast computer this techenique is done in a relatively short period of time . the data 3-dimentionally. sequential removal of the soft tissue and hard tissue(bone) CT number leaves the teeth alone in 3-dimentional position. The image can be seen from anywhere, so the operator can see the image in front, rear, upper, and lower positions. In both cases 1 and 2 the position of the impacted supernumerary tooth is viewed by the 3-dimensional computed tomography. And it made the operator easy to figureout the exact position.