말뭉치 기반의 행동 프로필 접근법과 ‘办法’와 ‘方法’의 의미 차이

이은경 ( Lee¸ Eunkyoung ) 한국외국어대학교 중국연구소 2021 中國硏究 Vol.88 No.-

This paper analyzed the important factors that should be considered to describe the difference between ‘Banfa’ and ‘Fangfa’ through the Behavioral profile approach, a semantic analysis procedure based on the usage-based cognitive lexical semantics, and discussed the difference by comparing the relative frequency of the two words for each attribute. As a result, the implications associated with the typical use of the two words can be proposed as follows: ‘Banfa‘ is mainly used in the meaning of ‘idea’ in the spoken style. It is a ‘idea’ that an experiencer comes up with or (not) have. We can use ‘mei(you) banfa’, ‘xiang banfa’, ‘yidian banfa ye meiyou’ as examples. In the written style, ‘Banfa’ refers to the detailed implementation procedures or decisions of policies or actions that are adopted, enacted, published, implemented, presented, and prescribed by a public administrative agency(or company). As examples, We can use ‘guanli banfa’, ‘jiejue banfa’, ‘shixing banfa’, ‘shishi banfa’, ‘chuli banfa’, ‘fenpei banfa’, ‘chansheng banfa’, ‘shixing banfa’, etc. ‘Fangfa’ is a variety of methods (diet methods, solutions, treatment methods, therapy methods, etc.) that are sought, used, changed, learned, and known to solve everyday problems in the spoken style. In the written style, ‘Fangfa’ is a method that is like a skill, and is learned, acquired, improved, and used to handle, solve problems, achieve goals in such as economic, social, cultural, academic field. As examples, We can use ‘gongzuo fangfa’, ‘lingdao fangfa’, ‘jiaoxue fangfa’, ‘guanli fangfa’, ‘zhiliao fangfa’, ‘caozuo fangfa’, ‘chuangzuo fangfa’, ‘shengchan fangfa’, ‘biaoxian fangfa’, ‘diaocha fangfa’, ‘jisuan fangfa’, ‘shiyong fangfa’, ‘gengzuo fangfa’, ‘tongji fangfa’, ‘xuexi fangfa’, ‘yanjiu fangfa’, etc.

Ablation of Arg-tRNA-protein transferases results in defective neural tube development

( Eunkyoung Kim ),( Seonmu Kim ),( Jung Hoon Lee ),( Yong Tae Kwon ),( Min Jae Lee ) 생화학분자생물학회(구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2016 BMB Reports Vol.49 No.8

The arginylation branch of the N-end rule pathway is a ubiquitin-mediated proteolytic system in which post-translational conjugation of Arg by ATE1-encoded Arg-tRNA-protein transferase to N-terminal Asp, Glu, or oxidized Cys residues generates essential degradation signals. Here, we characterized the ATE1^-/- mice and identified the essential role of N-terminal arginylation in neural tube development. ATE1-null mice showed severe intracerebral hemorrhages and cystic space near the neural tubes. Expression of ATE1 was prominent in the developing brain and spinal cord, and this pattern overlapped with the migration path of neural stem cells. The ATE1^-/- brain showed defective G-protein signaling. Finally, we observed reduced mitosis in ATE1^-/- neuroepithelium and a significantly higher nitric oxide concentration in the ATE1^-/- brain. Our results strongly suggest that the crucial role of ATE1 in neural tube development is directly related to proper turn-over of the RGS4 protein, which participate in the oxygen-sensing mechanism in the cells. [BMB Reports 2016; 49(8): 443-448]

A User eXperience Evaluation Framework for Mobile Usability

Lee, Hee-Jin,Lee, Joon-Sang,Jee, Eunkyoung,Bae, Doo-Hwan WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING CO 2017 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING AND Vol.27 No.2

<P>The worldwide mobile software market has grown dramatically since feature phones became popular in the early 1990s. In practice, mobile usability - which can be defined for a resource-constrained device in two ways, namely, User eXperience (UX) and User Interface (UI) - has been regarded as the key to gaining superiority in terms of both market share and customer loyalty. Unfortunately, <I>de facto</I> standards for software design and the development process, such as Unified Modeling Language (UML) and Rational Unified Process (RUP), do not seem to promote mobile usability in a systematic manner in practice. This paper proposes a systematic and generalizable approach to modeling and evaluating the properties of mobile usability, herein treating it as a first-class software quality from the perspective of software engineering. We devise a UX evaluation framework for mobile usability, which we call UX Evaluation Framework (UEF) throughout this paper. A UX is specified by inter-scene interactions between users and terminals of software products using Extended Menu Navigation Viewpoints (EMNVs); then, a model checker, NuSMV, is adopted to observe whether the EMNV model meets a set of given UX properties. Importantly, the analysis and design of RUP is extended to support the co-design of UX and UI so that major roles, activities and artifacts in the UX and UI can be explicitly monitored and controlled by stakeholders. Through case studies, we demonstrate that UEF works properly to treat software products that prioritize mobile usability. Consequently, UEF plays a key role in filling the gap between two research disciplines to address usability: software engineering and human-computer interactions.</P>

Regulator of ribonuclease activity modulates the pathogenicity of Vibrio vulnificus

Lee Jaejin,Shin Eunkyoung,Park Jaeyeong,이민호,Lee Kangseok 한국미생물학회 2021 The journal of microbiology Vol.59 No.12

RraA, a protein regulator of RNase E activity, plays a unique role in modulating the mRNA abundance in Escherichia coli. The marine pathogenic bacterium Vibrio vulnificus also possesses homologs of RNase E (VvRNase E) and RraA (VvRraA1 and VvRraA2). However, their physiological roles have not yet been investigated. In this study, we demonstrated that VvRraA1 expression levels affect the pathogenicity of V. vulnificus. Compared to the wild-type strain, the VvrraA1-deleted strain (ΔVvrraA1) showed decreased motility, invasiveness, biofilm formation ability as well as virulence in mice; these phenotypic changes of ΔVvrraA1 were restored by the exogenous expression of VvrraA1. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that VvRraA1 expression levels affect the abundance of a large number of mRNA species. Among them, the halflives of mRNA species encoding virulence factors (e.g., smcR and htpG) that have been previously shown to affect VvrraA1 expression-dependent phenotypes were positively correlated with VvrraA1 expression levels. These findings suggest that VvRraA1 modulates the pathogenicity of V. vulnificus by regulating the abundance of a subset of mRNA species.

Negative-feedback coordination between proteasomal activity and autophagic flux

Lee, Jung Hoon,Park, Seoyoung,Kim, Eunkyoung,Lee, Min Jae Informa UK (Taylor Francis) 2019 Autophagy Vol.15 No.4

Autophobic dewetting of polystyrenes on the substrates grafted with chemically identical polymers

Lee, Hoyeon,Lee, Wooseop,Soo Han, Young,Kim, Eunkyoung,Ryu, Du Yeol Nature Publishing Group 2016 Polymer journal Vol.48 No.4

Immune Checkpoint Programmed Cell Death Protein-1 (PD-1) Expression on Bone Marrow T Cell Subsets in Patients With Plasma Cell Myeloma

Lee Min Young,Park Chan-Jeoung,Cho Young-Uk,You Eunkyoung,Jang Seongsoo,Seo Eul Ju,Lee Jung-Hee,Yoon Dok Hyun,Suh Cheolwon 대한진단검사의학회 2021 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.41 No.3

Background: Plasma cell myeloma (PCM) is caused by immune dysregulation. We evaluated the expression of immune checkpoint programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) on T cell subsets in PCM patients according to disease course and cytogenetic abnormalities. This study aimed to find a target group suitable for therapeutic use of PD-1 blockade in PCM. Methods: A total of 188 bone marrow (BM) samples from 166 PCM patients and 32 controls were prospectively collected between May 2016 and May 2017. PD-1 expression on BM T cell subsets was measured using flow cytometry. Results: At diagnosis, the median PD-1 expression on CD4+ T cells was 24.6%, which did not significantly differ from that in controls. After stem cell transplantation, PD-1 expression on CD4+ T cells was higher than that at diagnosis (P<0.001), regardless of residual disease. PD-1 expression on CD4+ T cells in patients with residual disease after chemotherapy was significantly higher than that at diagnosis (P=0.001) and after complete remission following chemotherapy (P=0.044). PD-1 expression on CD8+ T cells was higher in PCM patients with cytogenetic abnormalities, including monosomy 13, 1q gain, complex karyotype, and hypodiploidy. Conclusions: PD-1 blockade might have therapeutic potential in refractory PCM patients after chemotherapy, especially in those with high- or intermediate-risk cytogenetic abnormalities.

ORiginal Article : Cytokine Expression of Microscopic Colitis Including Interleukin-17

( Eunkyoung Park ),( Young Sook Park ),( Dae Rim Park ),( Sung Ae Jung ),( Dong Soo Han ),( Byung Ik Jang ),( Young Ho Kim ),( Won Ho Kim ),( Yun Ju Jo ),( Ki Ho Lee ),( Won Mi Lee ),( Eun Kyung Kim ) The Editorial Office of Gut and Liver 2015 Gut and Liver Vol.9 No.3

Background/Aims: Microscopic colitis is characterized by chronic watery diarrhea with specific pathological changes that can be diagnosed by microscopic examination. We performed immunohistochemical analysis of proinflammatory cytokines to investigate the pathogenic mechanism of microscopic colitis. Methods: This study consisted of six patients with lymphocytic colitis, six patients with collagenous colitis, and six patients with functional diarrhea but normal pathology. We performed an immunohistochemical analysis of the colonic mucosal biopsies to assess the expression of cyclo-oxygenase-2, interleukin-17, nuclear factor-κB, interferon-γ, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and tumor necrosis factor-α. We compared the quantity score of immunohistochemical staining among the groups. Results: The microscopic colitis group showed significantly higher expression of cyclo-oxygenase-2, interleukin-17, nuclear factor-κB, and interferon-γ compared with the control group. Cytokine expression was similar between collagenous colitis and lymphocytic colitis. However, the expression of cyclo-oxygenase-2 was higher in collagenous colitis. Conclusions: Proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-17 and interferon-γ, are highly expressed in microscopic colitis. The expression of cyclo-oxygenase-2 was higher in collagenous colitis than in lymphocytic colitis. This study is the first on interleukin-17 expression in microscopic colitis patients. (Gut Liver 2015;9:381-387)

Bioinspired, Calcium-Free Alginate Hydrogels with Tunable Physical and Mechanical Properties and Improved Biocompatibility

Lee, Changhyun,Shin, Jisoo,Lee, Jung Seung,Byun, Eunkyoung,Ryu, Ji Hyun,Um, Soong Ho,Kim, Dong-Ik,Lee, Haeshin,Cho, Seung-Woo American Chemical Society 2013 Biomacromolecules Vol.14 No.6

<P>Alginate hydrogels are for various biomedical applications including tissue engineering, cell therapy, and drug delivery. However, it is not easy to control swelling or viscoelastic and biophysical properties of alginate hydrogels prepared by conventional cross-linking methods (ionic interaction using divalent cations). In this study, we describe a bioinspired approach for preparing divalent ion-free alginate hydrogels that exhibit tunable physical and mechanical properties and improved biocompatibility due to the absence of cations in the gel matrices. We conjugated dopamine, a minimalized adhesive motif found in the holdfast pads of mussels, to alginate backbones (alginate-catechol) and the tethered catechols underwent oxidative cross-linking. This resulted in divalent cation-free alginate hydrogels. The swelling ratios and moduli of the alginate-catechol hydrogels are readily tunable, which is difficult to achieve in ionic bond-based alginate hydrogels. Furthermore, alginate-catechol hydrogels enhanced the survival of various human primary cells including stem cells in the three-dimensional gel matrix, indicating that intrinsic cytotoxicity caused by divalent cations becomes negligible when employing catechol oxidation for alginate cross-linking. The inflammatory response in vivo was also significantly attenuated compared to conventional alginate hydrogels with calcium cross-linking. This biomimetic approach for the preparation of alginate hydrogels may provide a novel platform technology to develop tunable, functional, biocompatible, three-dimensional scaffolds for tissue engineering and cell therapy.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/bomaf6/2013/bomaf6.2013.14.issue-6/bm400352d/production/images/medium/bm-2013-00352d_0009.gif'></P>

Ethanol extract of Styela clava tunics was significantly improved the skin aging induced by UV radiation in SKH-1 hairless mice

EunKyoung Koh,JiEun Kim,Jun Go,Sung Hwa Song,JiEun Sung,Hyun A Lee,Chan Kyu Park,Hong Joo Son,HeeSeob Lee,Young Jin Jung,DaeYoun Hwang 한국실험동물학회 2015 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2015 No.2