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Laurent Mineur,Frederi Plat,Françoise Desseigne,Gael Deplanque,Mohamed Belkacemi,Laurence Moureau-Zabotto,Carlos D. Beyrne,Khadija Jalali,Stéphane Obled,Denis Smith,Léa Vazquez,Rania Boustany 대한암학회 2024 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.56 No.2
Purpose Preoperative chemoradiation (CRT) is expected to increase the rate of curative resection and complete histological response. In this trial, we investigated the efficacy of a neoadjuvant CRT regimen in gastric adenocarcinoma (NCT01565109 trial).Materials and Methods Patients with stage IB to IIIC gastric adenocarcinoma, endoscopy ultrasound and computed tomography–scan diagnosed, were eligible for this phase II trial. Neoadjuvant treatment consisted of 2 cycles of chemotherapy with DCF (docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil [5FU]) followed by preoperative CRT with oxaliplatin, continuous 5FU and radiotherapy (45 Gy in 25 fractions of 1.8 Gy, 5 fractions per week for 5 weeks) administered before surgery. R0-resection rate, pathological complete response (pathCR) rate, and survival (progression-free survival [PFS] and overall survival [OS]) were evaluated as primary endpoints.Results Among 33 patients included, 32 patients (97%) received CRT and 26 (78.8%) were resected (R0 resection for all patients resected). Among resected patients, we report pathCR in 23,1% and pathologic major response (tumor regression grade 2 according to Mandard’s classification) in 26,9%. With a median follow-up duration of 5.82 years (range, 0.4 to 9.24 years), the estimated median OS for all 33 patients was not reached; 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates were 85%, 61%, and 52%, respectively. Among resected patients, those whose histological response was tumor grade regression (TRG) 1-2 had significantly better OS and PFS rates than those with a TRG 3-4-5 response (p=0.019 and p=0.016, respectively).Conclusion Promising results from trials involving preoperative chemoradiation followed by surgery in gastric cancer need to be further evaluated in a phase III trial.
A Comparative Examination of Counter-Terrorism Law and Policy
( Laurent Mayali ),( John Yoo ) 서울대학교 법학연구소 2016 Journal of Korean Law Vol.16 No.1
This article conducts a comparative analysis of U.S. and European counter-terrorism law and policy. Recent attacks by ISIS in the U.S., France, and Germany have revealed important differences between American and European approaches. Before September 11, 2001, the United States responded to terrorism primarily with existing law enforcement authorities, though in isolated cases it pursued military measures abroad. In this respect, it lagged behind the approach of European nations, which had confronted internal terrorism inspired by leftwing ideology or separatist goals. But after the 9-11 attacks, the United States adopted a preventive posture that aimed to pre-empt terrorist groups before they could attack. The Obama administration`s campaign of drone strikes in the Middle East and Africa against al Qaeda, Taliban, and ISIS leaders represents the culmination of this approach. Nevertheless, it has continued to rely on the criminal justice system when terrorist attacks developed within U.S. territory. It has arrived at a hybrid system which tracks geography - the difference between at home and abroad - rather than enemy capability. The European approach has been different. The earlier confrontation with terrorism in France and the United Kingdom encouraged more robust legal authorities there. European nations, however, have struggled to respond to the international dimension of more recent attacks. They have incrementally expanded their existing powers used to address homegrown threats by Marxist-Leninist groups or secessionist movements, but have failed to successfully adopt a more preventive strategy aimed at the foreign roots of the current terrorist threat.
Laurent, Louise C.,Ulitsky, Igor,Slavin, Ileana,Tran, Ha,Schork, Andrew,Morey, Robert,Lynch, Candace,Harness, Julie V.,Lee, Sunray,Barrero, Maria J.,Ku, Sherman,Martynova, Marina,Semechkin, Ruslan,Gal Elsevier 2011 Cell stem cell Vol.8 No.1
<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>Genomic stability is critical for the clinical use of human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. We performed high-resolution SNP (single-nucleotide polymorphism) analysis on 186 pluripotent and 119 nonpluripotent samples. We report a higher frequency of subchromosomal copy number variations in pluripotent samples compared to nonpluripotent samples, with variations enriched in specific genomic regions. The distribution of these variations differed between hESCs and hiPSCs, characterized by large numbers of duplications found in a few hESC samples and moderate numbers of deletions distributed across many hiPSC samples. For hiPSCs, the reprogramming process was associated with deletions of tumor-suppressor genes, whereas time in culture was associated with duplications of oncogenic genes. We also observed duplications that arose during a differentiation protocol. Our results illustrate the dynamic nature of genomic abnormalities in pluripotent stem cells and the need for frequent genomic monitoring to assure phenotypic stability and clinical safety.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P><P>► hESCs and hiPSCs show more gene copy number variation than somatic cells ► Degree of abnormality differs more between hESC lines than hiPSC lines ► Deletions common in hiPSCs after reprogramming, duplications appear over time ► Recurrent duplications occur at specific genomic loci in pluripotent cells</P>