Search for arc-produced heterofullerenes

Lamb, John R.,Kwon, Youngwoo,Ruoff, Rodney S.,Lamb, Lowell D. Elsevier 2017 Carbon Vol.119 No.-

<P>Replacing one or more of the carbon atoms in a fullerene cage with one or more non-carbon atoms is expected to result in a structure (heterofullerene) with significantly altered and potentially useful properties. While (C59N)- and (C69N)-based compounds can be synthesized via solution-phase modification of C-60 and C-70, respectively, a general, high-yield method for producing heterofullerenes has not been identified. We report the results of a search for heterofullerenes using atmospheric pressure photo-ionization mass spectrometry on samples of fullerene soot produced in nitrogen and carbon monoxide via the Kratschmer-Huffman arc technique. Contrary to earlier reports, we found no evidence of the presence of heterofullerenes in any of the samples we examined. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of fullerene soot produced in nitrogen indicates that while nitrogen is incorporated into the carbon matrix, the observed nitrogen-carbon bonding configurations do not permit the formation of fullerenes. We also report the discovery of production conditions under which argon can be used as a buffer gas and the yield of soluble fullerenes is comparable to the best yield achievable using helium. These findings may shed light on the general problem of the fullerene formation process. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>

THE EVOLUTION OF SUBCONTRACTING IN JAPAN

Lamb, Therese B 경남대학교 극동문제연구소 1992 ASIAN PERSPECTIVE Vol.16 No.1

THE EVOLUTION OF SUBCONTRACTING IN JAPAN

Lamb,Therese B. The Institute for Far Eastern Studies Kyungnam Uni 1992 ASIAN PERSPECTIVE Vol.16 No.1

수학적 문제해결에 대한 동기유발과 감정의 효과에 대한 고찰

최승현(Seung-Hyun Choe),Charles E. Lamb(Charles E. Lamb ) 대한수학교육학회 1993 수학교육학연구 Vol.3 No.1

Cadmium solubility and bioavailability in soils amended with acidic and neutral biochar

Qi, Fangjie,Lamb, Dane,Naidu, Ravi,Bolan, Nanthi S.,Yan, Yubo,Ok, Yong Sik,Rahman, Mohammad Mahmudur,Choppala, Girish Elsevier 2018 Science of the Total Environment Vol.610 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study was designed to investigate the effects of acidic and neutral biochars on solubility and bioavailability of cadmium (Cd) in soils with contrasting properties. Four Cd contaminated (50mg/kg) soils (EN: Entisol, AL: Andisol, VE: Vertisol, IN: Inceptisol) were amended with 5% acidic wood shaving biochar (WS, pH=3.25) and neutral chicken litter biochar (CL, pH=7.00). Following a 140-day incubation, the solubility and bioavailability/bioaccessibility of cadmium (Cd) were assessed. Results showed that both biochars had no effect on reducing soluble (pore water) and bioavailable (CaCl<SUB>2</SUB> extractable) Cd for higher sorption capacity soils (AL, IN) while CL biochar reduced those in lower sorption capacity soils (EN, VE) by around 50%. Bioaccessibility of Cd to the human gastric phase (physiologically based extraction test (PBET) extractable) was not altered by the acidic WS biochar but reduced by neutral CL biochar by 18.8%, 29.7%, 18.0% and 8.82% for soil AL, EN, IN and VE, respectively. Both biochars reduced soluble Cd under acidic conditions (toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) extractable) significantly in all soils. Pore water pH was the governing factor of Cd solubility among soils. The reduction of Cd solubility and bioavailability/bioaccessibility by CL biochar may be due to surface complexation while the reduced mobility of Cd under acidic conditions (TCLP) by both biochars may result from the redistribution of Cd to less bioavailable soil solid fractions. Hence, if only leaching mitigation of Cd under acidic conditions is required, application of low pH biochars (e.g., WS biochar) may be valuable.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The acidic biochar did not reduce soil soluble/bioavailable/bioaccessible Cd. </LI> <LI> The neutral biochar reduced soluble/bioavailable Cd of low sorption capacity soils. </LI> <LI> The neutral biochar reduced bioaccessible Cd of the four studied soils. </LI> <LI> Both acidic and neutral biochars reduced Cd mobility under acidic conditions. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Physico-chemical characteristics of mangrove soil in Gulf of Kachchh, Gujarat, India

Rajal, Patel,Lamb, Christian,Roshan, Bhagat,Kamboj, R.D.,Harshad, Salvi Techno-Press 2019 Advances in environmental research Vol.8 No.1

This paper presents comprehensive scientific details about mangrove soil in Gulf of Kachchh, Gujarat. A total of ten sites were studied during November, 2011 to December, 2014 in order to know the physico-chemical characteristics of mangrove soil. The results indicated that the soil in GoK had silty loam texture. Other physico-chemical parameters ranged as; pH: 7.39-7.61, Bulk Density: 0.30 g/㎤-0.54 g/㎤, Particle Density: 1.26 g/㎤-1.76 g/㎤, Organic Carbon: 0.70%-1.13%, Organic Matter: 1.01%-1.74% and Moisture Content: 33.45%-56.38%. The paper would be useful to the stakeholders, coastal managers and scientific communities to know the mangrove soil conditions of Gulf of Kachchh for management and planning for conservation of mangrove ecosystem.

A review of two theories of motion sickness and their implications for tall building motion sway

Walton, D.,Lamb, S.,Kwok, Kenny C.S. Techno-Press 2011 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.14 No.6

Low-frequency building vibration is known to induce symptoms of motion sickness in some occupants. This paper examines how the adoption of a theory of motion sickness, in conjunction with a dose-response model might inform the real-world problem of managing and designing standards for tall building motion sway. Building designers require an understanding of human responses to low-dosage motion that is not adequately considered by research into motion sickness. The traditional framework of Sensory Conflict Theory is contrasted with Postural Instability Theory. The most severe responses to motion (i.e., vomiting) are not experienced by occupants of wind-excited buildings. It is predicted that typical response sets to low-dosage motion (sleepiness and fatigue), which has not previously been measured in occupants of tall-buildings, are experienced by building occupants. These low-dose symptoms may either be masked from observation by the activity of occupants or misattributed to the demands of a typical working day. An investigation of the real-world relationship between building motion and the observation of low-dose motion sickness symptoms and a degradation of workplace performance would quantify these effects and reveal whether a greater focus on designing for occupant comfort is needed.

Effects of acidic and neutral biochars on properties and cadmium retention of soils

Qi, Fangjie,Dong, Zhaomin,Lamb, Dane,Naidu, Ravi,Bolan, Nanthi S.,Ok, Yong Sik,Liu, Cuixia,Khan, Naser,Johir, M.A.H.,Semple, Kirk T. Elsevier 2017 CHEMOSPHERE - Vol.180 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this study, an acidic biochar and a neutral biochar were applied at 5 wt% into two soils for an 11-month incubation experiment. One Ferrosol soil (Ba) was slightly acidic with low organic matter and the other Dermosol soil (Mt) was slightly alkaline with high organic matter. The acidic (pH = 3.25) wood shaving (WS) biochar had no marked impact on nutrient levels, cation exchange capacity (CEC), pH and acid neutralization capacity (ANC) of either soil. By contrast, the neutral (pH = 7.00) chicken litter (CL) biochar significantly increased major soluble nutrients, pH, ANC of soil Ba. In terms of C storage, 87.9% and 69.5% WS biochar-C can be sequestrated as TOC by soil Ba and Mt, respectively, whereas only 24.0% of CL biochar-C stored in soil Ba and negligible amount in Mt as TOC. Biochars did not have significant effects on soil sorption capacity and sorption reversibility except that CL biochar increased sorption of soil Ba by around 25.4% and decreased desorption by around 50.0%. Overall, the studied acidic C rich WS biochar held little agricultural or remedial values but was favourable for C sequestration. The neutral mineral rich CL biochar may provide short-term agricultural benefit and certain sorption capacities of lower sorption capacity soils, but may be unlikely to result in heightened C sequestration in soils. This is the first study comprehensively examining functions of acidic and neutral biochars for their benefits as a soil amendment and suggests the importance of pre-testing biochars for target purposes prior to their large scale production.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The C rich acidic biochar did not work for nutrients supply or Cd retention but helped in storing C. </LI> <LI> The neutral mineral rich biochar enhanced nutrient and sorption for some soils. </LI> <LI> Neutral mineral rich biochar hardly increased soil C after 11 months. </LI> </UL> </P>

A review of two theories of motion sickness and their implications for tall building motion sway

D. Walton,S. Lamb,Kenny C.S. Kwok 한국풍공학회 2011 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.14 No.6

Low-frequency building vibration is known to induce symptoms of motion sickness in some occupants. This paper examines how the adoption of a theory of motion sickness, in conjunction with a dose-response model might inform the real-world problem of managing and designing standards for tall building motion sway. Building designers require an understanding of human responses to low-dosage motion that is not adequately considered by research into motion sickness. The traditional framework of Sensory Conflict Theory is contrasted with Postural Instability Theory. The most severe responses to motion (i.e., vomiting) are not experienced by occupants of wind-excited buildings. It is predicted that typical response sets to low-dosage motion (sleepiness and fatigue), which has not previously been measured in occupants of tall-buildings, are experienced by building occupants. These low-dose symptoms may either be masked from observation by the activity of occupants or misattributed to the demands of a typical working day. An investigation of the real-world relationship between building motion and the observation of low-dose motion sickness symptoms and a degradation of workplace performance would quantify these effects and reveal whether a greater focus on designing for occupant comfort is needed.

Updates of prostate cancer staging: Prostate-specific membrane antigen

Niranjan J Sathianathen,Alastair Lamb,Rajesh Nair,Nicolas Geurts,Catherine Mitchell,Nathan L Lawrentschuk,Daniel A Moon,Declan G Murphy 대한비뇨의학회 2016 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.57 No.-

The ability to accurately stage prostate cancer in both the primary and secondary staging setting can have a major impact on management. Until recently radiological staging has relied on computer tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and nuclear bone scans to evaluate the extent of disease. However, the utility of these imaging technologies has been limited by their sensitivity and specificity especially in detecting early recurrence. Functional imaging using positron-emission tomography with a radiolabeled ligand targeted to prostate-specific membrane antigen has transformed the prostate cancer imaging landscape. Initial results suggest that it is a substantial improvement over conventional imaging in the setting of recurrence following primary therapy by having a superior ability to detect disease and to do so at an earlier stage. Additionally, it appears that the benefits seen in the secondary staging setting may also exist in the primary staging setting.