다종교 사회인 한국에서 청소년의 종교와 자아존중감과의 관계

백경임 동국대학교 경주대학 1997 東國論集 Vol.16 No.1

Using data of 931 adolescents who are high school freshman, the religious condition and the relationship between religion itself and self-esteem was analized. The result shows that 56.6%(527) of students had their own religion(Buddhism : 52.6%, Protestant : 35.9%, Catholic : 11%) The religious group had significantly higher self-esteem than the nonreligious one did. The type of religion in which they believed did not have any influence upon their self-esteem. Most adolescents dearest religious hopes were like these. ·Seeking after truth : 63.85% (509). ·Seeking after common benefits : 22.79% (116).·Seeking after blessing : 13.36% (68). The order of distribution is exactly correspondent to that of the results from adults. Dearest religious hopes has nothing to do with self-esteem. Those adolescents who answered that they have realized the importance and role of religion in daily life and those who have ignored the importance of religion have shown that their self-esteem is higher than that of those who answered that they had no idea. In other words, those who have confident attitude toward their religion have higher self-esteem.

구체적 조작기 아동의 부처님 개념에 관한 조사연구

백경임(Kyung Im Baik) 한국아동학회 1990 兒童學會誌 Vol.11 No.1

The present study investigated the concept of Buddha in 9- 12- year-old children who were in the concrete operational stage. The concept of Buddha was investigated in the following dimensions: form, competence and role of Buddha, feelings toward Buddha, and prayer to Buddha. Questionnaire data were gathered from 143 children attending the Bulkwang Sunday School. Statistical analysis was by Chi square. The children perceived Buddha as (1) a statue or a monk living in their mind and in heaven; and (2) unrestricted and superhuman but different from the creator, keeping an eye on them all the time and everywhere. The role of Buddha was perceived as one of giving blessing with good things to those who pray. The children had diverse feelings of awe, thankfulness, fear and anger toward Buddha. Most of the children were confident that Buddha would respond to their prayers but a few showed some doubt. Children in the concrete operational stage were less credulous than those in the pre-operational stage. More than half of the children reported that they experience the fulfilment of their prayers. The children had deep faith in attaining Buddhahood.

불교적 입장에서 본 건강가족의 의미 -부모자녀관계를 중심으로-

백경임 ( Kyung Im Baik ) 한국가족관계학회 2007 한국가족관계학회지 Vol.12 No.3

The purpose of this study was to examine the meaning of a healthy family from a Buddhist viewpoint. The data for this study was collected through the original Buddhist scriptures. The results of this study were as follows:(1) The meaning of the family in Buddhism was a group of members practicing for the enlightenment in Buddhism.(2) The meaning of a couple in marriage in Buddhism was the relationship which reciprocally showed respect, sincerity, not to betray each other sexually and to be an equal friend.(3)The meaning of family relatives in Buddhism was to help each other and to share the happiness and the sadness of the family together.(4) The meaning of the ideal parents for children in Buddhism was to love their children but not to be attached to them knowing the emptiness which was one of the religious doctrines of Buddhism.(5)The meaning of the parenting in Buddhism was for parents to do their duty to their children economically, educationally, ethically and to use the four divine favors in Sutra as the educational method. To conclude, the meaning of a healthy family from a Buddhist viewpoint was a good teaching lesson for today`s parents as follows: all members of a family were to practice individually within the family, so the parents have to love and to help their children without attachment. The children also have an obligation to lead their parents for the maturation in spiritually and religiously.

CTS(Conflict Tactics Scales) 2의 자녀용으로의 수정 및 한국 대학생에 대한 타당성 검증

백경임 ( Kyung Im Baik ) 대한가정학회 1998 Human Ecology Research(HER) Vol.36 No.2

삼국유사에 나타난 배우자 선택 및 성의식에 관한 연구

백경임(Kyung Im Baik),김일명(Il Myung Kim) 대한가정학회 1999 Human Ecology Research(HER) Vol.37 No.1

N/A

불교가정 幼兒의 부처님개념에 관한 연구

白庚任 동국대학교 경주대학 1989 論文集 Vol.8 No.-

The present study is an investigation about the concept of Budda of 5 year old children in Buddhistic family. The concept of Buddha is consisted of four dementions of form, competence and role of Buddha, and the feeling toward Buddha and the attitude of preying to Buddha. Interview data were gathered from 64 children who are attending Bulkwang Kindergarden. The result are as followings : 1. The children perceived Buddha as a statue of Buddha, human Shakyamuni or a monk, who are living in the Buddhist sanctum or temple. 2. The competence of Buddha is perceived as unrestricted and superhuman. 3. The role of Buddha is perceived as one of blessing with good things to the prey of the subjects. Buddha is perceived as being who responds spontaneously to the prey of the subjects in terms of bartering. 4. The children had positive feeling of awe and thankfulness toward Buddha. 5. Most of the children had experience of preying with confidence that Buddha would fulfil their wishes. The content of their prey is found to be that of devotion and asking the blessings go Buddha. 6. The children had deep faith in Attaining Buddhahood which is considered as the basic readiness in Buddhism. 7. It revealed no statistically significant relationship between the sex of the children and the perception of the concept of Buddha.

불교가정 幼兒의 부처님개념에 관한 연구

白庚壬 동국대학교 2007 慶州大學論文集 Vol.8 No.-

연료전지 자동차 적용을 위한 소형 PEMFC 시스템 개발

백경돈(Kyung Don Baik),김성일(Sung Il Kim),공임모(Im Mo Kong),김민수(Min Soo Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2012 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2012 No.11

The polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has been suggested as a promising alternative to the traditional internal combustion engine for future transportation applications. To meet such demands, PEMFC systems have been studied extensively since the late 1990s. In this study, the new concept of fuel cell system was developed and adopted to the fuel cell vehicle (FCV). Both hydrogen and air recirculation systems are adopted for reducing the volume of the fuel cell system. The 3 kW of the fuel cell stack performance was measured under the dry feeding condition. The performance of air recirculation system was also investigated to identify the effect of the air recirculation on the gas humidification. Results show that if the exhaust air was recirculated largely, the performance of fuel cell stack decreased because of the reduced air mole fraction in the air feeding gas. However, the performance drop of the fuel cell stack reduced as the air recirculation ratio decreases, implying that there is an optimum value of air recirculation ratio.

차량용 연료전지에서 기체확산층을 통과하는 기체유동에 관한 연구

공임모(Im Mo Kong),백경돈(Kyung Don Baik),김민수(Min Soo Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2012 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2012 No.11

A gas diffusion layer (GDL) is one of the main components in PEMFCs for a vehicle. The first role of GDL is a transport medium. Reactant gases and produced water are transported through the GDL. The next role of GDL is a support structure for MEA. So, GDL is usually made of porous material and the reactant gas flows in two directions passing through the GDL. The first direction is channel to membrane (through-plane) and the second one is channel to channel (in-plane). Measurement of the gas permeability in two directions provides much more detailed information about GDL structure and transport behavior. However, gas permeability don’t mean actual flow rate in GDL. In this study, the ratios of actual gas flow rate of through and in-plane directions are investigated in a practical point of view. The result shows that actual gas flow rate of through-plane direction is higher than that of in-plane direction, although gas permeability of through-plane direction is lower than that of in-plane direction.

GDL 기재 형상에 따른 연료전지 막의 손상에 관한 연구

백경돈(Kyung Don Baik),공임모(Im Mo Kong),김민수(Min Soo Kim),홍보기(Bo Ki Hong),한국일(Kook Il Han) 대한기계학회 2010 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2010 No.11

The compression pressure of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells for vehicle applications is typically high enough to minimize contact resistance among the cell components such as membrane electrode assembly (MEA), gas diffusion layer (GDL), and bipolar plate. However, an excessive compression pressure may cause a durability problem since the carbon fibers in the GDL may penetrate into the membrane through catalyst layer of MEA. In this study, the effects of two GDLs with different micro-porous layers, either rough (GDL-1) or smooth (GDL-2) surface, on the open circuit voltage (OCV) have been closely examined. It was observed that the OCV of GDL-1 was decreased more than that of GDL-2 with increasing compression pressure. The concentration of hydrogen crossover of GDL-1 was increased more than that of GDL-2 with compression pressure, implying that the degree of penetration into membrane of GDL-1 should be higher than that of GDL-2.