신경숙의 ≪엄마를 부탁해≫ 프랑스어 번역본에 관한 고찰

김경희 ( Kyung Hee Kim ) 한국언어문화학회 2015 한국언어문화 Vol.0 No.57

Please Look After Mom, is composed of four chapters and epilogue. The author sets the eldest daughter, eldest son, and husband as the main character of the first three chapters each, who confess their feelings of guilt about disappearance of their mother and wife. Uniquely, the story is developed from the Mom’s perspective throughout the novel, with the first and third chapters written in the first person point-of-view, while the second chapter written in the third person point-of-view. Please Look After Mom was translated into both English and French. While the English version is generally considered to succeed in a faithful translation of the original, though criticized for incomplete transmission of the meanings of the source text due to a domesticating translation, the French version, Prends soin de maman, has more serious problems. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the problems of the French version by comparing it with the English version. First, the French version has lots of inaccurate translation that may result from a lack of understanding of the original. Such inaccuracies frequently failed to highlight the delicate style of writing unique to the author. Second, the English version utilized the soliloquies or thoughts of the characters in a free direct speech in the first person in the same way as the original, and marked them in italics. It would have helped make a clear distinction of this kind of soliloquies from others. In contrast, unlike the original, the soliloquies or thoughts of the characters were translated in a free indirect speech in the French version. It might have caused some confusion about whom these soliloquies belong to. Finally, while the source texts were translated faithfully in the English version, they weren’t in the French version. This translational unfaithfulness in the French version is considered to result from the various causes, including the omission, excessive abridgment, and redundant explanation of the contents of the original as well as the arbitrary insertion of the contents that do not appear in the original. While the literal translation, used in the English version, is thought to have successfully conveyed the contents of the original stories, the excessive liberal translation, used in the French version, seems to have failed to get an achievement as good as in the original. We have a prejudice that “natural translation” should be done with a liberal translation, not with a literal translation. Although the English version of Shin Kyung-Sook’s novel, Please Look After Mom, also contains faults which are mostly related to a domesticating translation, its success in gaining public favor by the faithful translation using a literal translation suggests that the literary translators keep this in mind to improve the quality of their translation.Kim, Kyunghee. 2015. A study on Prends soin de maman. Shin Kyung-Sook’s novel, Please Look After Mom, is composed of four chapters and epilogue. The author sets the eldest daughter, eldest son, and husband as the main character of the first three chapters each, who confess their feelings of guilt about disappearance of their mother and wife. Uniquely, the story is developed from the Mom’s perspective throughout the novel, with the first and third chapters written in the first person point-of-view, while the second chapter written in the third person point-of-view. Please Look After Mom was translated into both English and French. While the English version is generally considered to succeed in a faithful translation of the original, though criticized for incomplete transmission of the meanings of the source text due to a domesticating translation, the French version, Prends soin de maman, has more serious problems. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the problems of the French version by comparing it with the English version. First, the French version has lots of inaccurate translation that may result from a lack of understanding of the original. Such inaccuracies frequently failed to highlight the delicate style of writing unique to the author. Second, the English version utilized the soliloquies or thoughts of the characters in a free direct speech in the first person in the same way as the original, and marked them in italics. It would have helped make a clear distinction of this kind of soliloquies from others. In contrast, unlike the original, the soliloquies or thoughts of the characters were translated in a free indirect speech in the French version. It might have caused some confusion about whom these soliloquies belong to. Finally, while the source texts were translated faithfully in the English version, they weren’t in the French version. This translational unfaithfulness in the French version is considered to result from the various causes, including the omission, excessive abridgment, and redundant explanation of the contents of the original as well as the arbitrary insertion of the contents that do not appear in the original. While the literal translation, used in the English version, is thought to have successfully conveyed the contents of the original stories, the excessive liberal translation, used in the French version, seems to have failed to get an achievement as good as in the original. We have a prejudice that “natural translation” should be done with a liberal translation, not with a literal translation. Although the English version of Shin Kyung-Sook’s novel, Please Look After Mom, also contains faults which are mostly related to a domesticating translation, its success in gaining public favor by the faithful translation using a literal translation suggests that the literary translators keep this in mind to improve the quality of their translation.

창의력 계발 CAT 이론 : 창의적 풍토(Climate), 창의적 태도(Attitude), 창의적 사고(Thinking)

김경희(Kyung Hee Kim) 한국영재교육학회 2020 영재와 영재교육 Vol.19 No.2

창의력은 색다르고 값진 것을 만드는 능력이며 그 성공적인 결과가 혁신이다. 본 논문의 목적은 창의력으로 혁신에 도달하는 세 단계인, 창의적 풍토(Climate) 조성하기, 창의적 태도(Attitude) 기르기, 창의적 사고(Thinking) 적용하기라는 ‘CAT’ 이론(Kim, 2016)을 토대로, 한국교육이 어떻게 학생들의 창의력을 계발하거나 저해 하는지를 논의하고자 한다. 창의적 풍토는 네 가지 풍토 (4S)로, 1) 큰 꿈과 호기심을 격려하는 햇살(Sun), 2) 뚜렷한 목표로 시련을 극복하게 하는 비바람(Storm), 3) 다양한 경험과 관점을 융합하는 토양(Soil), 4) 깊고 튀는 생각할 여유와 자유를 주는 공간(Space)이 필요하다. 이 4S 풍토에 의해 창의적 태도가 길러지며 이는 혁신가들이 공통적으로 가지는 27가지 특성이다. 이 태도는 기존의 지식이나 기술을 활용해서 색다르고 값진 것을 만드는 ION 사고력을 가능하게 한다. ION 사고력은 1) 틀 안(Inbox) 전문성, 2) 틀 밖(Outbox) 상상력, 3) 틀 안(Inbox) 비판력, 4) 새 틀(Newbox) 융합력을 포함한다. Creativity is making something valuable and novel, which can lead to innovations. Kim’s(2016) research-based CATs theory illustrates the necessary process for creativity to develop into innovations: 1) cultivate creative Climates, 2) nurture creative Attitudes, and 3) apply creative Thinking skills. Creative climates are the physical and psychological environments and conditions that nurture individuals’ creative attitudes. The 4S climates include 1) the inspirational and encouraging Sun climate, 2) the high-expectation-holding and challenging Storm climate, 3) the experience- and viewpoint-diverse Soil climate, and 4) the free- and deep-thinking Space climate. Creative attitudes are the 27 characteristics that innovators share, which make creative thinking possible. Creative thinking skills are Inbox, Outbox, and Newbox(ION) thinking, which rest on a foundation of expertise.

동결건조 낫토를 첨가한 영양바의 품질특성

김경희,김예린,김수아,한태인,박노동,홍경덕,황상덕,용주선,김재숙,Kim, Kyung-hee,Kim, Ye-Rin,Kim, Su-A,Han, Tae-In,Park, Ro-Dong,Hong, Gyung-Deok,Hwang, Sang-Duk,Yong, Ju-Sun,Kim, Jae-Suk 한국식생활문화학회 2020 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.35 No.4

This study evaluated the color, DPPH radical activity, and sensory characteristics of nutritional bars supplemented with varying concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5%) of freeze-dried Natto. An inconsistent pattern was observed for the L value, whereas both a and b values increased significantly up to 5% addition of freeze-dried Natto. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity of nutritional bars supplemented with 0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5% freeze-dried Natto were determined to be 59.54, 59.70, 44.85, and 55.07%, respectively. The appearance, color, taste, texture, and overall preference of nutritional bars supplemented with freeze-dried Natto showed significant differences between the samples. The overall preference of the nutrient bar was highest at 6.08 points, determined for the 2.5% Natto supplemented bar. The quality characteristics of the 2.5% added samples exhibited significantly higher values as compared to the controls, thereby indicating the potential of development in health-functional cereal bars.

김연수제 춘향가의 소설 옥중화 수용과 의미

김경희(Kim Kyung-Hee) 한국전통음악학회 2005 한국전통음악학 Vol.- No.6

김연수(1907~1974)는 늦은 나이에 판소리를 배우기 시작하였으나 서양식의 극에 대한 이해와 타고난 연기력 등으로 판소리의 창극화를 주도적으로 추진하여 창극 발전에 큰 기여를 함으로써 근ㆍ현대 판소리사에 있어서 가장 주목받는 명창 가운데 한 사람이다. 그는 당시 여러 명창들의 좋은 대목들을 첨가하고 새로운 선율을 짜 넣어 자신의 판소리 다섯 바탕을 만들어 소위 동초제 판소리를 완성하였다. 이 가운데 〈춘향가〉는 이해조의 신소설인 『옥중화』의 내용을 사설로서 부분적 수용을 하여 장단과 선율이라는 음악적인 틀 속에 새로이 넣음으로서 〈춘향가〉 내용을 풍부하게 하였다. 필자는 김연수가 이렇게 새로운 대목을 삽입하면서 판소리를 새로 만들어내는 작창원리가 궁금하였다. 따라서 김연수제 〈춘향가〉가운데 『옥중화』와 내용이 동일한 여섯 대목에 대해 시절의 수용과 음악적 특징이라는 두 가지 면으로 살펴보았다. 그 결과 우전 시절의 수용면에 있어서는 김연수의 〈춘향가〉는 『옥중화』의 내용을 그대로 수용하되 비슷한 내용의 단어를 나열함으후써 상황을 강조하는 판소리식의 어투로 변화시키거나, 상황에 대해 보다 적극적으로 상세하게 설명을 추가하고, 고전적인 어법을 현대적인 어법으로 바꾸는 방법을 사용하였다. 특히 ‘만복사 중들이 불공축원하는 대목’에서는 단가 〈백구사〉의 사설 내용 가운데 일부를 그대로 가져다 사설로서 사용하고 있는 점들을 고려해볼 때, 김연수는 보다 사실적이고 극적인 상황묘사를 첨가하는 방법으로 각색하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 한편 김연수는 소설에서 가져온 사설을 이면에 맞는 장단을 얹어 주변에 있는 소리 대목을 활용하여 장착하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 이도령이 등장하는 장변에서는 이도령이 서울사람이라는 설정에 따라 경드름의 악조를 어법적으로 활용함으로써 계면조의 악조로 노래하는 춘향과 악조로서 구분하고 있다. 그리고 『옥중화』의 내용 가운데 단가 〈백구사〉와 유사한 내용을 수용하면서, 자신이 노래한 〈백구사〉의 사설과 선율로 교체함으로써 〈춘향가〉안에 자신의 〈백구사〉를 그대로 녹아들이고 있는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 뿐만 아니라 같은 대목에서 중들이 염불을 하는 대목에서는 실제로 불가의 염불선율을 사용함으로써 불교음악까지도 수용하고 있다. 이렇듯 김연수가 소설 『옥중화』를 자신의 〈춘향가〉 사설로 차용하면서 보다 극적인 긴장감과 상세하고 사실적인 묘사, 다양한 상황설정 등으로 풍부한 재미를 부여하려고 했으며, 이면에 맞는 소리구성을 위하여 해당대목에 있어서는 단가나 불교음악이라는 다른 장르의 음악까지도 과감하게 수용함으로써 극적인 효과를 높이고자했음을 알 수 있다. Yeon-Su Kim(1907~1974) was one of the most remarkable Pansori singer in modem Korean Pansori history. Although he had begun to learn Pansori relatively older age comparing to other contemporary Pansori singers, his contributions to the development of new sryle of Pansori, also known as Changgeuk, were really great. One of the contributions was that he introduced western style playacting into his new Pansori. His creation of new style of five Pansori is known as Dongchojae Pansori. For the creation of this he had borrowed other great contemporary singers' existing parts of Pasori repertoires, and also had created his own new melodies. The purpose of this paper is searching for the process of creating his new Pansori in two ways; lyrics and melody. In this paper I choose newly created “Chunhyangga” among his new five Pansoris. The story of Yeon-Su Kim's "Chunhyangga" was from "Okjunghwa" a novel by Hae-]o Yi, with some changes of text to fit Pansori style. I examined how he accepted and changed the literary style from the original novel while he was writing the lyrics of “Chunhyangga”. When he created the melody of “Chunhyangga”, he used a variety of musical idiom both in melody and rhythm according to the scene. For example, he used the singing style of Gyeonggi region for the role of Myong-Ryong Yi who were from Seoul in Gyeonggi region. I think those of his innovated ideas of creating new style of Pansori contributed Korean music more rich and diverse.

동결건조 낫토를 첨가한 드레싱의 품질특성

김경희,김예린,김수아,한태인,박노동,홍경덕,황상덕,용주선,김재숙,Kim, Kyung-hee,Kim, Ye-Rin,Kim, Su-A,Han, Tae-In,Park, Ro-Dong,Hong, Gyung-Deok,Hwang, Sang-Duk,Yong, Ju-Sun,Kim, Jae-Suk 한국식생활문화학회 2020 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.35 No.4

This study assessed the color, polyphenol content, and sensory characteristics of dressing containing varying concentrations (0, 3, 6 and 9%) of freeze-dried Natto. We determined that the absence of freeze-dried Natto (0%) imparted the highest additive value for both L and a, b. The polyphenol contents obtained were 0.63, 0.69, 0.74, and 0.82 mg/g for 0, 3, 6 and 9% of dressing containing freeze-dried Natto, respectively. The appearance, color, taste, texture, and overall preference of dressings with freeze-dried Natto showed significant differences between the samples. The overall preference was highest at 5.92 points, with dressing containing 9% Natto. The quality characteristics of the 9% added samples exhibited significantly higher values as compared to those of the controls, raising the possibility of development as a health-functional dressing.

E. coli에서 발현된 human HtrA1 단백질의 정제와 HtrA1의 serine protease 활성 조건에 관한 연구

김경희,김상수,김구영,임향숙,Kim, Kyung-Hee,Kim, Sang-Soo,Kim, Goo-Young,Rhim, Hyang-Shuk 한국생명과학회 2006 생명과학회지 Vol.16 No.7

E. coli HtrA (High temperature requirement protein A)의 human homologue 중 하나인 HtrA1은 IGFBP를 절단하여 IGF의 활동을 조절하는 serine protease으로 알려졌다. HtrA1의 serine protease 활성이 여러 질병의 발병 mechanism과 연관성을 가진 것으로 예상되고 있지만, 이런 상관관계를 밝히기 위해서 기본적으로 필요한 다량의 HtrA1 단백질의 발현 및 정제조건과 HtrA1 serine protease의 최적 활성조건이 확립되어 있지 않은 상황이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 pGEX 시스템을 이용하여 E. coli에서 mature HtrA1인 ${\Delta}149(WT)$와 catalytic site mutant인 ${\Delta}149(S328A)$를 85%의 순도로 1 liter 배양 시, 정제된 단백질을 각각 $400{\mu}g,\;520{\mu}g$ 얻을 수 있는 발현조건을 정립하였다. 또한 HtrA1 serine protease 활성은 protease의 농도와 substrate와의 반응시간에 dependent하며, substrate와의 반응온도가 $42^{\circ}C$일 때 최적의 serine protease활성을 나타내는 것을 알 수 있었다. 특히 $200{\mu}M$의 HtrA1 serine protease를 $37^{\circ}C$에서 3시간 반응 시켰을 때, substrate로 사용한 ${\beta}-casein$의 약 50%가 절단되는 것을 관찰하였다. 따라서 이 반응조건에 사용한 HtrA1의 양을 1 unit으로 하여 HtrA1의 serine protease활성을 여러 조건에서 비교 분석할 수 있다 본 연구에서 정립한 mature HtrA1을 다량으로 얻을 수 있는 발헌 및 정제조건과 serine protease 최적 활성조건은 HtrA1의 serine protease 활성과 생물학적 기능의 상관관계를 이해하는데 활용될 수 있을 것이다. Human HtrA1 (High temperature requirement protein A1) is a homologue of the E. coli periplasmic serine protease HtrA. A recent study has demonstrated that HtrA1 is a serine protease involved in processing of insulin like growth factor binding protein (ICFBP), indicating that it serves as an important regulator of IGF activity. Additionally, several lines of evidence suggest a striking correlation between proteolytic activity of HtrA1 serine protease and the pathogenesis of several diseases; however, physiological roles of HtrA1 remain to be elucidated. We used the pGEX bacterial expression system to develop a simple and rapid method for purifying HtrA1, and the recombinant HtrA1 protein was utilized to investigate the optimal conditions in executing its proteolytic activity. The proteolytically active HtrA1 was purified to approximately 85% purity, although the yield of the recombinant HtrA1 protein was slightly low $460{\mu}g$ for 1 liter E. coli culture). Using in vitro endoproteolytic cleavage assay, we identified that the HtrA1 serine protease activity was dependent on the enzyme concentration and the incubation time and that the best reaction temperature was $42^{\circ}C$ instead of $37^{\circ}C$. We arbitrary defined one unit of proteolytic activity of the HtrA1 serine protease as 200nM of HtrA1 that cleaves half of $5{\mu}M\;of\;{\beta}-casein$ during 3 hr incubation at $37^{\circ}C$. Our study provides a method for generating useful reagents to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which HtrA1 serine protease activity contributes in regulating its physiological function and to identify natural substrates of HtrA1.

인터넷 환경에서 대학생의 라이프스타일 특성에 따른 스마트폰 중독성향 비교

김경희,Kim, Kyung-Hee 한국정보통신학회 2016 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.20 No.1

본 연구는 대학생의 라이프스타일 특성에 따른 세분집단 간 스마트폰 중독성향을 통합적으로 비교연구하고자 하였다. 실증분석결과 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대학생들의 라이프스타일은 '경제지향형', '적극적 활동형', '유행추구형', '자아신뢰형', '물질지향형', '자유추구형' 등의 여섯 가지 요인으로 도출되었다. 둘째, 여섯 개의 요인들을 기초로 집단을 유형화 한 결과 '유행추구형 집단', '자아신뢰형 집단', '적극적 자아신뢰 물질추구형집단'으로 분류되었다. 셋째, 각 세분집단별 스마트폰 중독에 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 대체로 '유행추구형 집단'이 스마트폰 중독성향이 다른 집단에 비해 높게 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과는 최근 스마트폰의 과도한 사용으로 스마트폰 중독이 사회적으로나 건강측면에서 여러 가지 문제가 되고 있는 상황에서 그 문제점을 해결하는데 기초적인 유용한 정보를 제공할 수 있을 것이다. The purpose of this study is to compare smartphone addiction tendencies among the subdivided groups of undergraduates according to their lifestyle characteristics integratively. The results of positive analysis are as follows: first, undergraduates' lifestyles were drawn as six factors: the 'economic oriented type', 'aggressive activist type', 'fashion pursuing type', 'self-confident type', 'materialistically oriented type', and 'free will pursuing type'. Second, according to the result of dividing the groups based on the six factors, they were classified into the 'fashion pursing group', 'self-confident group', and 'aggressive, self-confident, and materialistically oriented group'. Third, each of the subdivided groups showed significant difference in smartphone addiction. Generally, the 'fashion pursuing group' indicated higher smartphone addiction tendencies than the other group. The findings of this study can provide fundamental and useful information to solve problems related to smartphone addiction resulted from excessive use of smartphones and causing a lot of troubles socially and also in health.

특별기고 - 참나무시들음병

김경희,Kim, Kyung-Hee 한국조경수협회 2012 造景樹 Vol.128 No.-

휴대전화 전자파 위험인식과 리스크커뮤니케이션 - 여성의 위험인식을 중심으로 -

김경희,송대종,최재욱,Kim, Kyung-Hee,Song, Dae-Jong,Choi, Jae-Wook 한국전자통신학회 2013 한국전자통신학회 논문지 Vol.8 No.7

The study examined how the risk perception of cellular phone electromagnetic waves' possibility to harm human bodies would be psychologically different by gender and age. The study measured the risk perception targeting a total of 1,001 men and women in their twenties and more living in six major cities in Korea. According to the results, for the risk perception by gender, the women would recognize the risk of cellular phone electromagnetic waves more than the men. Among the women, those in their fifties appeared to have the greatest risk perception. In particular, the risk perception difference by age and gender was observed to be affected by psychological factors and, the study should be regarded academically significant for having verified the importance. For general people, they would perceive the risk via those psychological factors as experiences in daily life. Therefore, in order to relieve social conflicts caused by the risk, basic risk communication based on proper understanding of how the general people would recognize the risk should be provided. Hence, the study is expected to be a chance for intervention strategy research on how our community would proceed with communication and how the community, again, apprehends the cellular phone electromagnetic waves as well. 본 연구는 휴대전화 전자파의 인체유해 가능성에 대한 위험인식을 성별 및 연령에 따라 심리적 요인이 어떻게 차이가 발생하는지 원인을 분석하였다. 위험인식의 측정은 전국 6대 도시에 거주하고 있는 20대 이상 남녀 1,001명을 대상으로 실시하였다. 분석 결과 성별에 따른 위험인식의 차이는 여성이 남성보다 휴대전화 전자파에 대한 위험인식이 높았으며, 여성의 경우 50대의 위험인식이 가장 높았다. 특히 연령 및 성별에서의 위험인식 차이는 심리적 요인의 영향에서 발견하였고 그 중요성을 실증했다는데 이론적 함의를 찾을 수 있었다. 일반인은 위험인식을 심리적 요인과 같은 일상의 경험 등의 축적을 통해 위험을 인식하기 때문에 위험을 둘러싼 사회적 갈등을 완화하기 위해서는 일반인이 어떻게 위험을 인식하는지에 대한 올바른 이해에 기초한 위험커뮤니케이션을 제공해야 해야 할 것이다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 우리사회가 어떻게 휴대전화 전자파에 대한 위험을 판단하고, 의사소통해 나갈 것인지에 대한 개입전략연구의 기반을 제공하고자 하였다.

금잔디 포복경으로부터 식물체 재분화에 있어서 식물생장조절물질과 배지첨가물질의 영향

김경희,김용구,허성현,배은지,이광수,박남창,이병현,Kim, Kyung-Hee,Kim, Yong-Goo,Heo, Sung-Hyun,Bae, Eun-Ji,Lee, Kwang-Soo,Park, Nam-Chang,Lee, Byung-Hyun 한국잔디학회 2011 한국잔디학회지 Vol.25 No.2

To optimize tissue culture conditions for genetic transformation of Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr., we investigated the effects of different plant growth regulators and medium supplements on plant regeneration using stolon explants excised from mature plant grown in a green house. Plant regeneration frequency was 33.3% when stolon tissues with a node were cultured on the regeneration medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D and 1 mg/L of kinetin. Comparing the basal media tested, MS medium showed higher plant regeneration performance than N6 or SH medium. Addition of 5 mg/L $AgNO_3$ with 10 mg/L cysteine improved frequency of plant regeneration up to 40%. Among different carbon sources, 3% sucrose was found to show the best for regeneration frequency. This rapid and efficient plant regeneration system would be useful for using genetic transformation experiments of manilagrass without intervening callus-mediated regeneration. 금잔디(Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr.)의 포복경 조직으로부터 식물체 재분화를 위한 최적 조직배양조건을 확립하기 위하여 온실에서 재배한 식물체의 포복경 절편체로부터 식물체 재분화에 미치는 몇 가지 요인을 조사하였다. 포복경 조직으로부터 식물체 재분화에 있어서 기본배지로는 MS배지가 N6배지나 SH배지에 비해 높은 효율을 보였으며, 배지에 첨가되는 식물생장조절물질로는 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D와 1 mg/L of kinetin을 첨가했을 때 33.3%로 가장 높은 재분화율을 보였다. 또한 배지에 첨가되는 탄소원 종류로는 sucrose를 3% (v/v) 농도로 첨가해 주었을 때 재분화 효율이 향상되었으며, 재분화배지에 첨가되는 항산화물질로는 5 mg/L $AgNO_3$와 10 mg/L cysteine을 동시에 첨가해 주었을 때 40%의 가장 높은 식물체 재분화 효율을 나타내어 재분화효율이 향상되었다. 본 연구를 통하여 확립한 금잔디의 포복경 재분화 시스템은 캘러스 배양기간 없이 단기간 내에 재분화 식물체를 높은 효율로 얻을 수 있음으로써 유전자 형질전환을 통한 잔디의 분자육종에 있어서 유용하게 사용되어질 수 있을 것이다.