Species membership in claiming rights : Critique of Elizabeth Anderson’s essay “Animal rights and the values of nonhuman life”

( Hwang¸ Hyun-kyu ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2016 영어권문화연구 Vol.9 No.2

In this paper, I criticize Elizabeth Anderson's claim that species membership matters in deciding what rights one can claim. In her essay “Animal rights and the values of nonhuman life”, Elizabeth Anderson claims that species membership matters in deciding whether one can claim positive right to human provision. Justification for her claim is that only members of ‘our’ group have positive rights to the group's provision while beings that are not included in ‘our’ group do not have positive rights to the group's provision. Since species difference does indeed decide who is included in ‘our’ group and who is left out, Anderson concludes that species membership decides who can claim positive right to human provision. I claim that Anderson's premise that species difference decides who is included in ‘our’ group is unjustified. I also claim that even if we grant that this premise is true (after revising the premise a little bit), this revised version of premise would force Anderson to accept a conclusion that would be unacceptable. Since Anderson would not be able to accept this ridiculous conclusion, I conclude this paper by claiming that Anderson's claim that species membership makes difference in who gets positive right to human provision is unjustified.

Evolution of Feeling of Free Will

( Hwang¸ Hyun Kyu ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2018 영어권문화연구 Vol.11 No.2

In this article, I will first make a distinction between belief of free will and feeling of free will and claim that even though it seems plausible to say that only humans have belief of free will, feeling of free will might be something different and therefore might exist in nonhuman animals as well. To illustrate this point, researches from psychologists, such as Baumeister to those from neuroscientists are dealt. Then, I will delve further into the feeling of free will and make the case that humans have feeling of free will not because we actually have free will but because this type of feeling evolved. I will then present possible theories including various evolutionary theories that try to explain how feeling of free will has evolved in humans. I will conclude the article by mentioning the implications and limitations of the study and end it with suggestions for further researches.

거리의 도상성원리와 영어여격교체현상

김광현,황규홍 새한영어영문학회 2001 새한영어영문학 Vol.43 No.2

An Iconicity-theoretic Approach to the English Dative Alternation Construction Kim, Kwang-Hyun · Hwang, Kyu-Hong This paper aims to examine the semantic and structural differences between the double-object construction and its prepositional counterpart based on Haiman's (1980, 1983, 1985) iconicity theory. The alternation phenomena have attracted a great deal of attention, and a range of proposals have been put forward to account for them. In particular, an attempt has been made among the majority of scholars to differentiate the double-object construction and its corresponding dative construction by resorting to the differences in verb meaning and those in relation between arguments. To achieve the above goal, in this paper, we attempt to identify the subtle meaning differences between the two constructions by way of the distance principle of the iconicity theory: "the linguistic distance between expressions corresponds to the conceptual distance between them." Namely, we argue that the double-object construction is used when the agent and the recipient are conceptually close, while the dative counterpart is used when the conceptual distance between the two is remote. This line of approach seems to be appealing in that it can explain the differences between the constructions more explicitly and systematically and in that it can also account for other alternation phenomena such as locative and conative constructions in a similar context.

섬유 및 혼화제를 이용한 황토 모르타르의 수축균열 제어

문주현(Mun Ju-Hyun),양근혁(Yang Keun-Hyeok),전중규(Jeon Joong-Kyu),황혜주(Hwang Hye-Zoo) 대한건축학회 2012 大韓建築學會論文集 : 構造系 Vol.28 No.8

A total of 8 hwang-toh mortar mixes with no cement were tested to evaluate the effect of different fibers and admixtures on the control of shrinkage cracks of such mortars. The fiber types added were Lyocell, Poly-Amid and PVA, while, CSA and organic polymer were selected as the admixture. The shrinkage crack resistance of hwang-toh mortar were examined from the unrestrained drying shrinkage strain, restrained drying shrinkage and plastic shrinkage. Test results revealed that the unrestrained drying shrinkage strain of hwang-toh mortar sharply increased at an early age showing approximately 2.5 times higher values than predictions obtained from ACI 209, regardless of the addition of fibers and admixtures. In addition, cracks owing to the restrained drying shrinkage developed at the only age of 1.6 days in all test mixes; as a result, the cracking grade of hwang-toh mortar was evaluated to be high. On the other hand, the addition of fibers required a value of fiber spacing above 0.0003 in order to enhance the tensile resistance capacity of hwang-toh mortar under the restrained drying shrinkage and reduce the cracking area under the plastic shrinkage. Overall, it could be concluded that moist curing at an early age and the addition of fiber with fiber spacing above 0.0003 are practically effective in reducing shrinkage crack of hwang-toh mortar.

간호대학생이 지각하는 임상실습지도자의 교수효율성과 임상실습만족도의 관계

황현아,김희진,김예지,이규희,이영롱,박성희,손수빈 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2012 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.46

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between teaching effectiveness and clinical practice satisfaction among nursing students. Method: The subjects of this study were 107 junior and senior nursing students in E university. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaire including general and practicum related characteristics, teaching effectiveness of clinical instructors and clinical practice satisfaction from September 12 to September 21, 2011. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS 19 program using t-test, ANOVA with Scheffe test, and Pearson`s correlation coefficients. Result: The mean score of teaching effectiveness was 3.35(±.51), and mean of clinical practice satisfaction was 3.19±.47. There were significant differences of teaching effectiveness of clinical instrutor by satisfaction of overall clinical practicum(F=8.332, p<.001), satisfaction of practice hour(F=3.230, p=.044), and satisfaction of major(F=9.883, p<.001). There were significant differences of clinical practice satisfaction by grade(t=2.274, p=.025), motive of choosing nursing science as a major(F=3.329, p=.007), satisfaction of overall clinical practicum(F=17.437, p<.001), satisfaction of practice hours(F=9.925, p<.001), and satisfaction of nursing major(F=12.748, p<.001). Relationship between teaching effectiveness of clinical instructor and clinical practice satisfaction showed positive correlation(r=.704, p<.001). Conclusion: In this study, teaching effectiveness of clinical instructor was related with clinical practice satisfaction. Therefore, we should consider improving teaching effectiveness of clinical instructor to improve clinical practice satisfaction.

순천향대학 천안병원에 내원한 알레르기환자의 특성

황규윤,남해선,,안현철,박준수 순천향의학연구소 2001 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.7 No.1

This study was designed to evaluate gencral features related to allergy of allergic patients living in northern and western Chungchungnamdo, visited to an allergic unit in Soonchunhyang University Chunan Hospital during August 1998 to July 2000. Three hundred allergic patients were enrolled. Among them, 87.7% were outpatients and were analysed for the study. Demographic variables as well as resident living conditions and immunologic results were assessed. Overall IgE, house dust, Dermatophagoides farinae (Df), and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp) antibody were assessed using MAST-CLA in 263 outpatients. Relations between allergens and age, sex, and living conditions were evaluated by chi-square tests. Mean age was 21.0 ± 17.3 year-old and male accounted for 59.3% in total subjects. Among them, 52.0% lived in an apartment and 65.3% were from urban area near Chunan and Asan city. Admission rate of allergic patients was 12.3%. The positive rates of total IgE, house dust, Df, and Dp were in 55.1%. 19.0%, 30.0%, and 29.3% in outpatients, respectively. No significant relations between allergens and sex. living home, and region were observed (P>0.05). Adolescents showed significantly higher positive rate of total IgE (P=0.02). Our data suggested that residential environment may not be a significant factor of main causative allergens in northern and western Chungchungnamdo. However more controlled study should be required to elucidate the relations between living environments and major causative allergens in this area.

폐도자기로부터 제조된 재활용 소지의 소결특성

황규홍,한현근,김상우,이종국 조선대학교 생산기술연구소 2007 生産技術硏究 Vol.29 No.1

As increasing the porcelain as a home ware, the amount of waste porcelain is increased in factory or at home every year. It is very important to recycle the waste porcelain from environmental and economic point if views. Recycling of porcelain body to batch composition can be reduced the manufacturing cost of porcelain by production of raw materials and dropping of sintering temperature about 150~200℃. In this study, we prepared porcelain ceramics by mixing recycled waste ceramic raw materials and normal ceramic raw materials. The waste ceramic raw materials were recycled by crushing and ball milling waste porcelain bodies. The recycled ceramic raw materials after milling have a mean particle size about 22-40 ㎛ with irregular shape and narrow particle size distribution. Shrinkage and sintered density of compacts from recycled ceramic batch composition increased with increasing sintering temperatures, however the sintered density was independent on the amount of the recycled ceramic raw materials. The batch composition containing 30% of recycled ceramic raw materials showed the highest sintered density. Sintered density was decreased over the temperature of 1200℃ due to the creation of cracks on surface and in bulk. It may be concluded that sintering temperature can be reduced in the processing of porcelain body by adding of recycled ceramic raw matehals to normal batch composition.

납노출지표와 적혈구내 protein kinase C 활성도의 연관성

황규윤,황보영,안현철,김용배,리갑수,이성수,안규동,이병국 大韓産業醫學會 2001 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.13 No.4

목적 : Protein kinase C는 칼슘-인지질 의존형인산화 효소로 'H VJ'tfO에서 납에 의하여 활성화되지만, 납에 노출된 인체내에서 그 영향을 평가한 경우는 얼다. 본 연구의 목적은 납에 직업적으로 노출되는 근로자를 대상으로 납 노출이 적혈구막의 단백질내에서 PKC 활성에 의한 인산화 수준에 영향을 주는지 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 1998년부터 국내 납 근로자를 대상으로 납에 의한 건강 영향조사가 4년간의 코호트 연구로 실행하였다. 1차년도에 630명의 납 근로자와 135명의대조군이 조사되었고 이들중 본 연구에서는 직업적노출이 되는 사업장에 근무하는 212명의 근로자를대상하였다. 156명의 남자와 56명의 여자 근로자를 대상으로 인구학적, 과거병력, 직업력 등을 구조화된 설문과 면접으로 조사되었고 납 노출 평가는 혈중 납농도 및 ZPP, 경골중 납농도를 측정하였다. PKC의 활성도는 적혈구막 단백질내 PKC 의존형인산화 수준으로 평가하였다. 적혈구막 단백질인spectrin과 band 4.9의 후인산화수준을 측정하여각 납 노출지표(혈중 납, ZPP, 경골중 납. 노출기간)와의 관련성은 다중회귀분석을 이용하였다. 결과 : 조사대상자의 평균(SD) 연령은39.1(10.0)세, 근무기간은 8.1(6.5)년 이었으며, 경골중 납농도는 범위가 0.8에서 290.8 trg Pb/gbone mineral로 평근(SD) 34.4(35.2) rig Pb/gbone mineral이었다. 적혈구막 단백질의 후인산화수준은 개인간 변이가 매우 컸으며, spectrin은 평균(SD) 540 7(304.1), band 4.9 SfkDa는198.6(78.2), 48 kDa는 247.7(83.3) PSL이었다.경골중 납농도와 노출 기간은 이들 후인산화 수준과역상관성을 보였으나(p(0.05), 혈중 납 농도와 ZPP는 상관성이 없었다(p)0.05). 가능성 있는 혼란변수를 통제한 상태에서도 경골중 납 농도와 노출기간은 이들 후인산화수준과 유의한 회귀계수를 나타내었다. 결론 : 만성적 납 노출에 의하여 적혈구내 PKC활성도는 영향을 받아 증가되어있는 것으로 평가되어 적혈구막 단백질의 인산화수준은 납의 노출지표로 이용될 수 있을 것이다. 납의 신경독성은 부분적으로 PKC의 활성도왁 관련되어 있을 기전을 배제하기 어렵기 때문에 PfC 활성도와 신경행동학적 기능과의 관련성 평가가 진행되어야 할 것이다. Objectives : Protein kinase C(PKC) , a calcium and phospholipid dependent enzyme, is activated by lead in vitro at picomolar concentrations. However, the effect of lead on PKC has never been studied in a human population. The purpose of the study was to evaluate whether lead exposure was associated with PKC mediated-phosphorylation in erythrocytes among lead workers. Methods : Two hundred and twelve lead workers were studied. To determine the levels of phosphorylation ir vivo, an in vivo back phosphorylation technique was used by adding PKC and γ-32P to preparations of erythrocyte membranes. We measured back phosphorylations of erythrocyte membrane proteins, spectrin, and 52 kDa and 48 kDa, as an indirect measure of PKC activation if vivo. Results : The mean(SD) age and exposure duration was 39.1(10.0) years and 8.1(6.5) years, respectively. Tibial lead ranged from 0.8 to 290.8 μg Pb/g bone mineral with a mean (SD) of 34.4(35.2) μg Pb/g bone mineral. The means(SD) of back phosphorylation levels of the three proteins were 540.7(304.1), 198.6(78.2), and 247.7(83.3) photostimulated luminescence units (PSL), respectively, by phosphoimager. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, tibial lead and exposure duration were significantly and inversely associated with back phosphorylation levels. One unit of increase in tibial lead (1 μg Pb/g bone mineral) is associated with a decline in spectrin, band 4.9 52 kDa, and band 4.9 48 kDa back phosphorylation levels by 1.4(p〈0.05), 0.34(p〈0.05), and 0.47(p〈0.01), respectively However, there were no associations between the back phosphorylation levels and either blood lead or ZPP levels. Conclusions : These findings suggest that the PKC activity in erythrocytes is increased by chronic lead exposure and that erythrocyte membrane protein phosphorylation may be a biomarker of lead exposure.

치환된 perovskite형 복합 산화물 LaCo_1-xCu_xO_3(x=0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5)의 환원 반응성에 대한 연구

황호순,이규석,박일현 성균관대학교 기초과학연구소 1993 論文集 Vol.44 No.1

B site substituted mixed oxides LaCo_(1-x)Cu_xO_3(X=0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5) were prepared by citrate sol-gel method in air, 850℃. By the thermal gravimetric analysis(TGA) and XRD analysis all of these oxides were single phase perovskite of rhombohedral structures. A as the amount of substituent increases, the amount of oxygen decreases and the lattice volume increases. Oxygen stoichiometry and lattice parameters of these oxides are as follows. LoCoO_3.0(a=5.44, c=13.10 Å), LaCo_0.9Cu_0.1O_3.0(a=5.44, c=13.2 Å), LaCo_0.7Cu_0.3O_2.92(a=5.46, c=13.14 Å), LaCo_0.5Cu_0.5O-2.84(a=5.45, c=13.27Å) According to the TPR results, LaCoO_3 and LaCo_0.5Cu_0.5O_2.84 undergo two-stage reduction stages, but LaCo_0.9Cu_0.1O_3.0 and LcCo_0.7Cu_0.3O_2.92 undergo three stages. The first reduction reaction of these oxides is one electron reduction reaction(oxygen 0.5mole). Reoxidated oxide in air at 1000℃, LaCoO_2.94 shows oxygen defect but the TPR result is similar to that of as-prepared oxide. By the reaction kinetics, the activation energy of LaCo_09.Cu_0.1O_3 is found to be the lowest value among those of the substituted oxides LaCo_(1-x)Cu_xO_(3-y).

민간투자와 공공투자가 경제성장에 미치는 효과

황규선,김병현 한국경상학회, 한국국민경제학회 2003 경제연구 Vol.21 No.2

본 연구는 우리나라의 1970~2001년간 시계열 자료를 이용하여 민간투자와 공공투자가 경제성장에 미치는 효과를 분석한 것이다. 연구결과는 민간투자와 공공투자가 성장에 미치는 효과에 차이가 있음을 보여주고 있다. 전통적인 생산요소들만 포함하여 추정을 시도한 기본모형의 경우 민간투자는 성장에 통계적으로 유의한 정의 효과를 미치는 것으로 나타난 반면공공투자는 추정계수의 부호가 음이며 통계적으로도 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 기본모형에 성장에 영향을 미치는 것으로 인식되는 기타 변수들을 추가한 확장모형의 추정에서도 그대로 유지되었다. 성장에 영향을 미치는 기타 변수로서 고려된 수출 증가율은 성장에 통계적으로 유의한 점의 효과를 미치는 것으로 나타났으나 정부지출비율 증가율은 음의 효과를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. This study has analysed the effect of private investment and public investment on economic growth using Korean serial data for 1970 - 2001. The result has showed that private investment and public investment have different effects on economic growth. In the basic model which includes only capital and labour, private investment has plus effect on economic growth that is statistically significant, but public investment has minus effect on it that is statistically insignificant. The extended model which adds several variables influencing on economic growth to the basic model has showed t he same results as above. In particular, the export growth rate has positive effect on economic growth that means the important role of export in the process of economic growth, while the growth rate of government expenditures proves to be negative. which indicates the growth rate of government expenditures higher than the productivity of them. It could be said that private investment on economic growth would generally be much more efficient than public investment on economic growth, in case of taking only the direct effect of private investment and public investment on economic growth into account. However, cosidering the indirect effect of public investment on economic growth which is created from the complementary relationship with private investment, we must not underestimate the effect of public investment on economic growth in this study.