Oral Interaction in the English Classroom

Ko,Kyoung Seok 仁川敎育大學校 初等敎育硏究所 2004 교육논총 Vol.24 No.-

In dealing with teaching and learning methodology, there are two central questions. Firstly, what objectives should materials and methods aim at? Secondly, what materials and what classroom action will enable learners' skills to develop as intended? Oral skills can be taught and learnt. These involve thinking about objectives, and types of oral activities. Since most discussion has in the past been devoted to materials for developing accuracy skills, the discussion in this paper is concentrated mainly on interaction activities. The frameworks offered by some methodologists are overviewed to define the kinds of oral activities that have been developed and used in the classroom. Contrasting with some specialists' views on communication process, An adapted model is suggested for classroom interaction which can be implemented more effectively.

세무대리서비스 기업의 세무회계정보시스템 품질이 사용자 성과에 미치는 영향: 부트스트랩(bootstrap)을 이용한 매개효과 분석

오효경(Oh, Hyo-Kyoung),고대영(Ko, Dae-Young),박이숙(Park, Yi-Suk) 한국경영교육학회 2021 경영교육연구 Vol.36 No.6

[연구목적] 정보시스템 활용을 통해 사용자의 성과를 향상 시키기 위해서는 정보시스템이 사용자의 요구를 반영하고 업무효율성을 높일 수 있어야 한다. 이를 위해서는 정보시스템의 품질을 측정하고 평가하는 것을 통해 정보시스템의 품질을 높이고 사용자의 성과향상에 기여할 수 있도록 해야 한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 세무대리서비스 기업이 이용하는 세무회계정보시스템의 품질을 평가하고 품질요인이 사용자의 만족과 업무성과에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 검증하고자 한다. [연구방법] 연구모형을 검증하기 위해 세무회계정보시스템을 사용하고 있는 실무자들을 대상으로 설문조사를 하였으며, 수집된 설문자료를 이용하여 PLS 구조방정식모형으로 분석하였다. [연구결과] 분석결과, 세무회계정보시스템의 품질 변수(시스템 품질, 정보품질, 서비스 품질)는 인식된 유용성과 사용자 만족도에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 세무회계정보시스템의 품질변수와 업무효율성간의 관계에서는 서비스 품질만이 업무효율성에 유의한 정(+)의 관계인 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 인식된 유용성은 사용자 만족도에 정(+)의 영향을 미치며, 인식된 유용성과 사용자 만족도 역시 업무 효율성에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 세무회계정보시스템의 품질변수와 업무효율성과의 관계에서는 인식된 유용성과 사용자 만족도의 매개효과가 존재하고 있음을 확인하였다. [연구의 시사점] 본 연구의 결과는 세무회계정보시스템 성과 평가에 대한 발전적이고 효율적인 활용을 위한 기본 자료와 이론적인 근거를 제공할 것으로 기대된다. [Purpose] This study evaluates the quality of the tax accounting information system of a tax agency service company and tries to verify how it affects the user’s performance. [Methodology] To verify the research model, a survey was conducted on the practitioners using the tax accounting information system, and the collected survey data were used to analyze the PLS structural equation model. [Findings] Quality variables (system quality, information quality, service quality) of the tax accounting information system were found to have a positive effect on perceived usefulness and user satisfaction. Among the quality variables of the tax accounting information system, service quality was found to have a significant positive relationship with work efficiency. Also, it was found that perceived usefulness had a positive effect on user satisfaction. Perceived usefulness and user satisfaction also had a positive effect on work efficiency. In addition, it was confirmed that there was a mediating effect of perceived usefulness and user satisfaction in the relationship between tax accounting information system quality and work efficiency. [Implications] The results of this study are expected to provide basic data and a theoretical basis for the developmental and efficient use of tax accounting information system performance evaluation.

국민학교 영어교육이 중·고등학교 영어 학습에 미치는 영향 : Research for Effective teaching Methods of Primary School English 효율적인 국민학교 영어지도 방안

고경석 仁川敎育大學校 1994 論文集 Vol.28 No.1

The purpose of this study is to find out how English language teaching at primary school has an effect on English education at middle school and high school. One hundred and fifty-six middle school students and 83 high school students were surveyed who had learned English at primary school. It is shown that their achievement in the English language has been leveled up in a considerable degree, compared with those who did not learn English at primary school. Children from an early age need to be exposed to an understanding of foreign cultures so that they grow up tolerant and sympathetic to others. The brain at young age is more adaptable before puberty than after. Acquisition of languages is possible without self-consciousness at an early age. Children have fewer negative attitudes to foreign languages and cultures than adults, and consequently they are better motivated than adults. Children's language learning is more closely integrated with real communication because it depends more on the immediate physical environment than does adult language. Children devote vast quantities of time to language learning, compared with adults, and they are better because they do more of it. Teachers of primary school English need the confidence in their ability to teach and use the target language. It is necessary to train foreign language competence closely coordinated with teaching methodology for this level. Teachers also need competence in primary teaching methodology. The skills necessary for teaching at this level are very different from those needed elsewhere in the education system. The role of stroy, dance, role-play, puppet activity, model-making, etc. need to be emphasized. Experienced primary teachers will already be familiar with these procedures, but EFL teachers who wish to move from other levels to work with young children will have to reorientate their teaching expectations. For these reasons, the training of teachers for primary English is most effective and desirable in National University of Education that takes charge of producing and training primary school teachers.

영어 음운론의 어휘론적 고찰

고경석 仁川敎育大學校 1990 論文集 Vol.24 No.2

영어 모음교체와 재음절화 규칙

고경석 仁川敎育大學校 1992 論文集 Vol.26 No.1

In English, Phonological rules apply variously in the strata and there are a number of rules that apply at more than one stratum. Among the rules that apply at stratum 1 are the vowel shortening and vowel leagthering rules. Thus, Trisyllabic shortening applies to divinity and serenity since these are formed with a Class I suffix that is added at stratum 1. Trisyllabic Shortening does not apply to maidenhood, likelihood or to Timeless, Cozinees because the suffixes hood and ness are added at statum 2 and this rule applies only at stratum 1. The rule of Flapping (divinity→divini[D]y, writer→wri[D]er) applies at the post-lexical stratum, it therefore applies anywhere in the phonological phrase, within words as across word boundary: I`ll see you [D] omorrow. Vowel alternations involve a change both of tenseness and of vowel quality. Putting aside vowel quality, however, we will deal with the question of tenseness in detail. In particular, we examine the general adeguacy of the following rules, which is qiven in SPE. ?? The rule above is an abbreviation of a sequence of rules: Trisyllabic Shortening(a),-ic Shortening(b) and CC Shortening(C), But is reasonable that three different rules are needed to explain one and the same phonological process, i.e. Vowel Shortening. In this paper we explore a new solution which, unlike the SPE solution, provides a way of handling vowel shortening in English in a fairly uniform way. This can be done by exploring resyllabification as formulated in Borowsky(1986), The effect of resyllabification rule is to dissociate the consonant from the onset of the preceding syllable with-in the foot. On the basis of this solution, Vowel Shortening can be explained with only one fact that vowel in question is shortened in a closed syllable. Accordingly. It is shown that the need of brace notation proposed by Kiparsky(1968) couldn`t be motivatated any more.

Carry Lookahead Adder의 면적 감소 방안에 관한 연구

고행석,장경선 충남대학교 산업기술연구소 2003 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.18 No.1

Though, Carry Lookahead Adder is widely used since it is fast, it takes large area. This paper presents a method to enhance the area-time product by replacing a part of lookahead carry propagations with ripple carry propagations. The proposed scheme reduces the area by 20% while it increases one or two levels of gate delays regardless of the number of bits. With experiments, we noticed that the proposed method is effective especially when it is implemented on a fine-grained FPGA with mux-based structure.

국민학교 영어교육 실태와 개선방안

고경석 仁川敎育大學校 1991 論文集 Vol.25 No.1

Fontan Procedure이후 심장혈관계의 혈류역학적 특성에 관한 수치적 연구

고형종,김경훈,심은보 金烏工科大學校 1998 論文集 Vol.19 No.-

The aim of this study is to develop a computational model representative of the circulation in patients with a uni-ventricular heart sugically palliated by a total atrio-pulmonary connection. A model of the cardiovascular system is built using standard Iumped components such as resistance, voltage source, check valve and capacitor. We assume that there is only an atrium in the right heart part of the model after the Fontan procedure. In this study, baroreceptor reflex and cardiopulmonary reflex control model are implemented to explain the autoregulation of cardiovasculasr system. Another important aspect of the model is to utilize a beat-to-beat approach in sensing pressure deviations, in transferring these to autonomous nerve system, and in regulating the control variables such as heart rate, heart contractility, peripheral resistance, and venous tone. To verify the present code. we have computed the LBNP(Lower Body Negative Pressure)simulation and compared its results with the existing experimental data. The hemodynamic changes after the Fontan procedure are simulated and compared with the existion clinical data. After Fontan procedure, heart rate, CVP(Central venous pressure) and diastolic pressure increase whereas pulse pressure and systolic pressure go down. Increased CVP, induced by the removal of right ventricle, makes the heart rate go up via baroreceptor reflex control. The effects of known hazardous exposures after Fontan procedure are also investigated. We assume increased peripheral resistance to simulate the situation of exposure to cold. In this case increased arterial pressure induces the decrease of heart rate. which results in decrease of cardiac output. On the other hand, exposure to heat increases heart rate and cardiac output. Hemorrhage in cardiovascular system results in increase of ABP(Arterial Blood Pressure) and decrease of heart rate and cardiac output.

국어의 로마자 표기법과 실용성

고경석 인천교육대학교 초등교육연구소 2001 교육논총 Vol.18 No.-

2000년 개정된 국어 로마자 표기법은 한국에 입국하는 외국인을 배려하기보다는 한국 사람들의 컴퓨터 사용 등 기술적 요인과 한국인의 정서를 더 고려한 흔적이 엿보인다. 그런데 어깻점이나 반달표 등 기술적인 걸림돌을 제거한 점은 잘한 것 같으나, 외국인의 이용편의는 별로 고려하지 않은 것이 흠이다. 한국 사람들이 한국 내에서 영문 표지나 이름을 굳이 읽을 필요가 없는 것이고 외국인들이야말로 한국 내에서 관광, 또는 생활하는데 아주 요긴하게 쓸 수 있기 때문이다. 완벽한 표기법이란 있을 수 없지만 새 표기법 역시 개선해야할 점이 많다. 문제점이나 개선점을 체계적으로 살펴보고 대안을 탐구하고 실용성 측면을 제고시키고자 하는 것이 본 논문의 목적이다. 국어의 로마자 새 표기법이 실용화되기 위해서는 꾸준한 홍보가 있어야 한다. 기존 표기법이 혼란 되었던 가장 큰 이유요 홍보 부족을 들 수 있다. 새 표기법이 중?고교 교육과정에 충분히 반영되도록 해야 할 것이다. 그리고 지속적 홍보를 유지해야 한다. 개정의 당위성과 개정 내용을 담은 다양한 홍보 책자를 제작하여 내?외국인에게 충분히 배포할 필요가 있다. 공항, 관광지 등 외국인의 왕래가 잦은 곳을 대상으로 체계적이고 지속적인 홍보가 있어야 한다. 국가 간 공식 협조 요청을 통해서 외국의 주요 기관에 개정 내용을 적극 홍보에 나서야 한국 문화의 소개 등 실용성을 높일 수 있다. This paper examines the new Korean Romanization system. These basic principles for transcription in the previous Romanization system are explored. The three old principles are: First, Romanization is based on standard Korean pronunciation. Second, no symbols except Roman letters are used. Third, Romanization follows the principle of one letter (or set of letters) per phoneme. Among these three principles, the third one is not included in the new Romanization system. This means the new system may introduce a set of letters per phoneme whenever necessary. Long vowels are not marked in transcription as before. These vowel marks are frequently misused or misunderstood when read by foreigners. The most innovative change from the previous Romanization system is the removing or deleting of apostrophes and other diacritical marks in order to facilities speedy word processing. The new Romanization system includes some problems that require appropriate consideration. Some recommendations from specialists are presented in order to solve the problems associated with the new system.

미적인간의 육성을 위한 미술교육의 가능성 : 뎃생(드로잉)교육의 경우를 중심으로

고경래 慶州大學校 2005 論文集 Vol.18 No.2

What kind of purpose for, and what methodology by, does drawing(dessin) education is performed in order to foster aesthetic humanity? And what is the essential meaning of doing dessin(drawing) in professional activity? The former question is connected to the value of drawing in general & basic art education, particulary at the role of raising aesthetic humanity. However, The latter one asks the value of drawing in the case of professional art education. It would be helpful that we try to elucidate the common meaning of drawing in art education by two ways. The one is for aesthetic humanity and the other is professional one. Then we can look for an ideal model of art education by researching above mentioned. This would be the achievement for the dual educational objects : education for professionals and education for aesthetic humanity. Having a critical point of view concerning the problems of drawing education, I would like to take the following methodological procedure for the research. To find out the foundation of drawing education, I have examined the French art academy, a typical modern art education; and the Italian art academy, an archetype of the former. And, I also have examined the meaning of oriental drawing "寫生" in three countries where they use Chinese characters. It is for comparing with western one(dessin). By this way, we can figure out the overall meanings of drawing and value of the contemporary drawing education.