Therapeutic effect of Mahaenggamseok-tang on neutrophilic lung inflammation is associated with NF-κB suppression and Nrf2 activation

Kim, K.H.,Lee, J.Y.,Kwun, M.J.,Choi, J.Y.,Han, C.W.,Ha, K.T.,Jeong, S.I.,Jeong, H.S.,Joo, M. Elsevier Sequoia 2016 Journal of Ethnopharmacology Vol.192 No.-

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Mahaenggamseok-tang (MHGST), an herbal formula in traditional Asian medicine, has been used to treat patients with various pulmonary diseases including common cold and influenza. However, the potential therapeutic effect of MHGST on acute lung injury (ALI), a leading cause of death worldwide, and the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of MHGST remained less understood. Materials and methods: The methanol extract of MHGST was prepared and fingerprinted by HPLC. For the induction of ALI, C57BL/6 mice (n=5/group) received a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of LPS. Referring to the dose for patients, two different amounts of MHGST were delivered in an aerosol to mouse lungs via trachea 2h after the i.p. LPS administration. Lung histology, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and the expression of inflammatory and Nrf2-dependent genes were analyzed to determine the effect of MHGST on lung inflammation. For mechanistic studies, western blotting and semi-quantitative RT-PCR were conducted using RAW 264.7 cells. Results: When administered 2h after the onset of ALI, MHGST relieved lung pathology characteristic to ALI, with decreases of neutrophil infiltration and MPO activity. While suppressing the expression of inflammatory genes, MHGST increased the expression of Nrf2-dependent genes in ALI mouse lungs. Concordantly, MHGST activated Nrf2 activity while suppressing NF-κB in RAW 264.7 cells. Conclusion: MHGST suppressed neutrophilic lung inflammation, a hallmark of ALI, which was associated with the activation of anti-inflammatory Nrf2 and the suppression of pro-inflammatory NF-κB. Our results suggest that MHGST has a therapeutic potential against ALI.

한우혈액형의 phenogroup 과 아형관계에 관한 연구

신형두(H . D . Shin),신언익(U . I . Shin),양일석(I . S . Yang),권종국(J . K . Kwun) 한국축산학회 1990 한국축산학회지 Vol.32 No.9

This experiment was carried out to clarify the phenogroups and subtype relationships of bloodtype antigens appeared in Korean Native Cattle. Fifty-two standard antisera(reagents) which were standardized by International Society for Animal Blood Group Research were introduced for bloodtyping of 213 Korean Native Cattle. And computer program II-2 and I-2 were used to find phenogroups. 1. In A system, 4 kinds of phenogroups; A₁, A₂ A₁Z` and $quot;-$quot; were appeared in Korean Native Cattle and A₁ Phenogroup showed the highest gene frequency(0.5065). Z`-A₁-A₂ linear subtype relationship was proved in Korean Native Cattle. 2. In B system, 49 kinds of phenogroups were appeared in Korean Native Cattle. And B-K, linear subtype relationships and A`₁-A`₂ A`_x, non-linear subtype relationship were approved. In G₁-G₂-G_x non-linear subtype relationship, G₂ antigens without G₁ and G_x antigens were appeared. 3. In C system, C₁-C₂. R₁-R₂ linear subtype relationship and X₁-X₂-X` non-linear subtype relationship were appeared in Korean Native Cattle. 4. In F system, 7 kinds of phenogroups : F, V₁, V₂, FN`, V₁N`, FV₂N` and $quot;-$quot; were appeared in Korean Native Cattle and FV₂N` phenogroup which had not emerged in other species of East Asian cattle showed gene frequency of 0.0013. In V₁-V₂ linear subtype relationship, V₁ antigens without V₂ antigens were appeared in Korean Native Cattle. 5. In S system, 5 kinds of phenogroups : H`U₁, SH`, H`, U` and $quot;-$quot; were appeared in Korean Native Cattle and H` and U` phenogroups showed relatively high gene frequencies, 0.2523 and 0.2614, respectively. U₁-U₂-U` non-linear subtype relationship was appeared in Korean Native Cattle. 6. In J, L, Z and R`-S` system, two kinds of alleles were appeared in Korean Native Cattle, respectively. The gene frequencies of J. L, Z and R`-S` alleles were 0.1279, 0.0383, 0.4827 and 0.0024, respectively.

기계적합금화된 분산형 Al-4Mg기 합금의 피로거동

편정우,조준식,권숙인,조윤성 ( J . W . Pyun,J . S . Cho,S . I . Kwun,Y . S . Jo ) 한국열처리공학회 1993 熱處理工學會誌 Vol.6 No.4

The fatigue behaviors of mechanically alloyed Al-4Mg alloys dispersed with either Al₂O₃, or MgAl₂O₄, oxide particles were investigated. This study maily concerned with the role of coherency of dispersed particles with the matrix on the fatigue behavior of the alloys. The MgAl₂O₄, which has a spinel structure with the lattice parameter of exactly the twice of A1 showed the habit relation with the matrix. The mechanically alloyed Al-4Mg alloys showed stable stress responses with fatigue cycles from start to failure regardless of strain amplitudes and of existence of dispersoids. The Al-4Mg alloy dispersed with MgAl₂O₄O₄showed not only the better static mechanical properties but also the better low cycle fatigue resistance than that with Al₂O₃, i.e., much higher plastic strain energy dissipated to failure, at low strain amplitude. However, this alloy showed inferior fatigue resistance to that dispersed with Al₂O₃or that without dispersion at high strain amplitude. These results imply that MgAl₂O₄may promote lowering the stacking fault energy of the alloy inherited from the coherency with the matrix so that dislocations shuttle back and forth on the same slip plane without cross slipping to other planes during fatigue at low strain amplitude resulting in long fatigue life.

표준항혈청 생산 및 한우 ( Bos taurus coreanae ) 의 혈액형에 관한 연구

신형두,윤충근,신언익,양일석,권종국 ( H . D . Shin,C . K . Yoon,U . I . Shin,I . S . Yang,J . K . Kwun ) 한국축산학회 1993 한국축산학회지 Vol.35 No.4

These studies were carried out to produce standard antisera for the serological blood typing of cattle and to clarify the genetic characteristics of Korean Native Cattle. For the serological blood typing, thirty-three standard antisera(reagents) were produced by iso-immunizations and absorptions with two hundreds animals. Seven hundreds and forty-two Korean Native Cattle were bloodtyped by those antisera. Also the phenogroups (alleles) in each blood group system were investigated. Two hundreds animals were bloodtyped with standard antisera which introduced from bovine bloodtyping laboratory, Saskatoon, Canada and used far isoimmuniz anon to produce immunesera. Thirty-two reagents(A1, A2 and Z` of A system; B, C, I1, Y2, A`1, A`2, B`, D`, E`2, E`3, I` and J` of B system; C1, C2, X1, X2, R1, R2, W and L` of C system; F and V of I` system; J of J system; S, H`, U1, U`1, U` and U$quot; of S system: Z of Z system) were produced by iso-immnunizations and absorptions. And J reagent was seperated from natural serum. In ISAG international comparison test in 1991, the specificities of these thirty-three antisera were compared with those of other laboratory. In A blood system, four kinds of phenogroups were appeared. The gene frequency of A1Z` phenogroup, which has been characteristically reported in Indian cattle breed, was 0.206. In B blood system, thirty-five kinds of phenogroups were appeared and showed similar gene frequencies in each other. In C blood system, sixteen kinds of pheuogroups were appeared. The gene frequency of X2 phenogroup was the highest(0.300). In F blood system, three kinds of alleles were appeared. The gene frequency of $quot;-$quot; allele which has been characteristically reported in Indian cattle breed, was 0.213. In S blood system, ten kinds of phenogroups were appeared. The gene frequency of $quot;-$quot; and G$quot; phenogroups were relatively high. In J and Z blood system, the gene frequency of J and Z alleles were 0.432 and 0.600.

스테인리스강에서 응력부식균열에 미치는 변형유기마르텐사이트의 영향

권숙인,이원식 한국부식학회 1989 Corrosion Science and Technology Vol.18 No.1

The effects of strain induced martensite on stress corrosion cracking behavior in AISI 304 stainless steel in boiling 42 wt% MgCl₂ solution were investigated using monotonic SSRT and cyclic SSRT with R=0.1 stress ratio. As the amount of pre-strain increased, the failure time: of the specimens in monotonic SSRT test decreased independent of the existence of strain induced martensite. The strain induced martensite seems to promote the crack initiation but to retard the crack propagation during stress corrosion cracking.

AISI 304 스텐레스강의 크리프거동에 미치는 결정입도의 효과

권숙인,김종갑 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1983 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.21 No.8

The effect of grain size on the high temperature creep behavior of AISI 304 stainless steel was investigated. The apparent activation energy for the creep was measured to be much higher than that for the self diffusion in the steel. All of the ruptured specimens showed intergranular cracking. Both of these phenomena was attributed to the microstructure change during creep.

오스테나이트 스테인리스강의 피로에 의한 상변태

권숙인,조윤성 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1988 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.26 No.1

The effect of strain induced martensite on the fatigue behavior of AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel was investigated. During low cycle fatigue, the austenitic stainless steel showed a continuous cyclic hardening until fracture. The extent of cyclic hardening increased with decreasing austenite stability. The austenite stability was controlled by different aging time and temperature, which resulted in different carbide morphologies. The fatigue crack propagation rate near △K_(th) varied also with the austenite stability inside the plastic zone at the crack tip. Especially, the near-threshold fatigue crack propagation rate of the grain boundary carbide precipitated condition was the lowest. This was considered to be due to the roughnessinduced closure caused by intergranular facet. A new model for the intergranular facet formation and the fatigue crack propagation of grain boundary carbide precipitated condition was proposed.

AISI 304 스테인스리스강 용접부의 고온크립 거동

권숙인,이덕현 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1987 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.25 No.4

The effects of nitrogen and delta ferrite contents on 700℃ creep behavior of AISI 304 duplex weld metal under constant stress conditions were investigated. High ferrite weld metal showed a ductility almost as high as that of base metal under high stress. However, the ductility decreased sharply due to the sigma phase transformation under law stress. Distinct dislocation substructure was formed in high ferrite weld metal during creep deformation. On the other hand, the nitrogen in low ferrite weld metal formed nitrides during creep, which hindered dislocation motion and increased the creep strength remarkably. Activation energy for creep of weld metal increased with nitrogen content. This observation could be explained by a dynamic strain hardening effect and a decrease in diffusion rate due to nitrogen atoms.

냉간가공한 AISI 304 스텐레스강의 응력 부식균열 전파

이종섭,권숙인 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1985 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.23 No.10

The stress corrosion crack propagation of cold worked AISI 304 stainless steel in boiling MgCl₂solution was investigated. The crack propagation rate is not affected by the amount of cold work except the one cold worked 60%. It was found that the resistance to stress corrosion increases as the amount of stress induced martensite increases to certain amount, but beyond the amount the stress corrosion crack accelerates to shorter life. The higher degree of cold work shows the higher K_(1scc).

AISI 304 스텐레스강의 응력부식귀열에 미치는 냉간가공과 아닐링의 영향

연윤모,권숙인 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1983 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.21 No.2

A study was made of the effects of cold working and annealing on the stress corrosion cracking of AlSl 304 stainless steel in boding 42% MgCl₂solution. When the 60% or 76% of yield stress was applied, the resistance to SCC showed maximum at 30% of cold work. However, when the same load was applied to the annealed specimens after cold working, the resistance to SCC decreased abruptly at 675℃ annealing. The fracture mode changed mixed →intergranular →transgranular as the amount of cold work increased.