Experimental Study on the Spread Characteristics of Initial Fires According to Corridor Types

Kweon,Oh Sang,Kang,Hyun,Kim,Heung-Youl 한국방재학회 2021 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.21 No.4

건축물에서 화재 발생 시 복도는 화염과 연기의 확산 통로가 되어 재실자가 위험에 노출될 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 복도의 형태에 따른 화재의 특성을 분석하기 위해서 단방향 피난이 가능한 ‘L’ 형태와 양방향 피난이 가능한 ‘T’ 형태의 복도를 2.4(L) × 10(W) × 2 .4(H) m 크기로 제작하여 실물화재 실험을 진행하였다. 실물화재 실험은 2.0(W) × 1 .8(H) m 크기의 단일 개구부를 가지고 있는 2.4( L) × 3 .6(W) × 2 .4(H) m의 화재실에서 진행되었으며, 화재실 내부의 가연물은 ‘L’ 형태에서는 열방출률이 651.4 kW인 목재크립을 사용하고 ‘T’ 형태에서는 95.7 kW인 의자를 사용하였다. 실물화재 실험에서는 복도 내부의 온도 변화를 측정하였고 이른 통해 측정된 온도의 평균 최대값은 ‘L’ 형태에서 432.1 ℃로 ‘T’ 형태에서는 103.5 ℃로 나타났다. 또한, 실물화재 실험의 결과와 복도의 형태에 따른 환기특성을 BFD 곡선식에 적용하여 복도의 형태에 따른 화재성장 모델의 설계 과정을 제시하였다. During an accidental fire in buildings, the corridor becomes the path for flame and smoke to spread, exposing the occupants to danger. Therefore, this study conducted real-scale fire experiments using corridors of size 2.4(L) × 10(W) × 2.4(H) m an “L-type” corridor for one-way evacuation and a “T-type” corridor for two-way evacuation to analyze the characteristics of fire according to the shape of corridors. The real-scale fire experiments were conducted in a fire room (2.4(L) × 3.6(W) × 2.4(H) m) with a single opening (2.0(W) × 1.8(H) m). The combustibles used inside the fire room were wood cribs, with a heat release rate of 651.4 kW, in the L-type corridor and chairs, with a heat release rate of 95.7 kW, in the T-type corridor. The temperature inside the corridor was measured during the real-scale fire experiments, and the average maximum measured temperature was 432.1 °C in the L-type corridor and 103.5 °C in the T-type corridor. The experimental results and the ventilation characteristics according to the corridor types were applied to BFD curves to show the process of designing fire growth models according to corridor types.

우리나라 권역별 인구 불균형 분포 변화 : 2005년 이후 인구변화를 중심으로

권 일 한국교통대학교 2018 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.53 No.-

This paper is a follow-up study of Kweon‘s(2010) study on the distribution of population imbalance by region. Kweon analyzed regional imbalances based on population distribution by region and concentration level of prime city by region from 1960 to 2005. Since 2005, various national balanced development policies have been implemented in Korea including Haengbok-city, Innovative-cities, and Corporate-cities. Therefore, it is necessary to analysys the effects of the balanced development policy until now by identifying the imbalance problem of the population in each region after 2005. As a result of the study, population concentration of the Capital Region is continued from 2005 to 2015, but the numerical values of population in 2015 are increased in all regions compared to 2005. In addition, the proportion of the population of prime cities by region also decreased after 2010, indicating that balanced development policies such as construction of Haengbok-city, Innovative-cities, and Corporate-cities have shown some effect, and especially the constructions of Innovative-cities have played a major role in mitigating the imbalance. In addition, the concentrations of population to the region’s prime cities area in the region have decreased since 2010.

복합시술 모발의 자외선 보호처리에 따른 손상도와 색상 변화

라채숙ㆍ권수애ㆍ이옥규(hae Suk LaㆍSoo Ae KweonㆍOk Kyu Lee) 한국인체미용예술학회 2016 한국인체미용예술학회지 Vol.17 No.1

This study aimed to determine the effects of UV-blocking by the type of UV care agent for complex-treated hair. For this, healthy women’s hair was permed, bleached and dyed, and a Polypeptide Protein Treatment and hair sunscreen agent were applied. After that, changes in the degree of wave formation, hair surface conditions, physical properties of the hair and hair hue were examined by irradiating UVB rays. The analysis results were found as follows: In terms of the degree of wave formation, no difference was observed among UV care agents. In terms of hair surface scale, hair damage was lower when the hair was coated twice as opposed to being coated once regardless of the type of the UV care agent and treatment method. In addition, tensile strength, elongation rate and resilience rate were superior in the hair recoated with the hair sunscreen agent. In contrast, no significant difference was observed among the UV care agents in terms of damage rates. Lightness and reflected light were also high in the hair recoated with the hair sunscreen agent. In addition, the a* value, reflection and dominant wavelength were the highest in the hair with post-treatment coating for the skin while b* value, reflection and degree of irritation was the highest in the hair with post-treatment coating for hair. The said results can be summarized as follows: The UV care agent revealed effective UV-blocking effects by maintaining the wave formation and preventing hair damage. When UV rays were irradiated, the hair for post-treatment product was the most efficient in maintaining hair color.

Ca Ionophore, A23187에 의한 30A-5세포의 지방세포 분화 억제

이권행,윤경하,한만덕 순천향대학교 1993 논문집 Vol.16 No.1

지방세포 분화 억제 과정에서 ??의 역할을 알아보기 위해, 30A-5 preadipocyte가 지방세포로 분화되는 과정에 ?? ionophore, A23187을 첨가하여, 30A-5세포의 지방세포 분화도와 acetyl-CoA carboxylase 활성을 검토하였다. 30A-5 preadipocyte는 insulin과 dexamethasone의 존재하에서 성숙된 지방세포로 분화되는데, 세포가 분화되는 과정에서 1 μM의 ?? ionophore, A23187을 가하면 30A-5 의 지방세포로의 분화가 거의 완전히 억제된다. 30A-5 세포가 지방세포로 분화되는 과정에서 비례적으로 증가하는 지방산 합성의 조절효소인 acetyl CoA carboxylase의 합성은 ?? ionophore, A23187처리에 의해 억제하는데, 30A-5 세포의 지방세포 분화억제는 acetyl-CoA carboxylase합성 저하에 따른 결과로 추측된다. ?? ionophore, A23187에 의한 acetyl-CoA carboxylase 의 합성저하는 비교적 장기간에 걸쳐 나타나는 효과로, 이 억제효과는 ??의 세포막이동의 경쟁적 저해제인 ??에 의해 부분적으로 극복된다. 따라서 A23187에 의한 acetyl-CoA carboxylase의 합성저하와 이에 따른 지방세포로의 분화를 억제하는 과정의 signal tranduction 과정에는 ??의 이동이 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 추정된다. To examine inhibitory effect of ?? ionophore, A23187 on adipocyte conversion of the 30A-5 preadipocytes, we checked the degree of differentiation and acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity of 30A-5 cells in the presence and absence of ?? ionophore, A23187. Inhibition of differentiation of 30A-5 preadipocytes into matured adipocytes was almost completely inhibited by ?? ionophore, A23187. Inhibition of differentiation of 30A-5 cells be resulting from decreased synthesis of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which is regulatory enzyme in de novo fatty acid synthesis, by ?? ionophore, A23187. Decreased synthesis of acetyl-CoA carboxylase by ?? ionophore, A23187 might be one of the long term effect, and this inhibitory effect was partially recovered by ?? which is competitive inhibitor in membrane transport of ??. Therefore we assumed that ?? mobilization may play a important role on signal tranduction process in inhibitory action of 30A-5 preadipocytes into adipocytes.

백서에서 치아이동 후 보정기간 동안 교합이 치주조직 섬유의 재형성에 미치는 영향

정권희,이기헌,황현식,이석형 전남대학교 치의학연구소 2002 구강과학 Vol.14 No.2

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of occlusion on the mechanical strength of periodontal fibers during retention periods after experimental tooth movement. In the Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 200 g or more. The intraoral elastics was inserted into the interproximal space of upper the first and second molars. After 4th day of teeth movement, the left mandibular first, second, and third molars were extracted for differentiating the occlusal side from the non-occlusal side in the experimental groups. The intraoral elastics was removed and then light cured resin was placed in the interproximal space between the bilateral upper first and second molars following undercut was made for retention. From the day beginning retention, 7 rats were sacrified at 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 days respectively. For evaluating of degree on the mechanical strength of periodontal tissue, maximal shear load of the bilateral upper first molars were measured by use of Instron Universal Testing Machine. The results of this study were obtained as follows: 1. In the occlusal side from no retention group to 4-day, 8-day, 12-day, 16-day, and retention 20-day group as time was going maximal shear load was increased and there was statistically difference from retention 12-day group(p<0.05). 2. In the non-occlusal side from no retention group to 4-day, 8-day, 12-day, 16-day, and retention 20-day group as time was going maximal shear load was increased slightly but there was no statistically difference(p>0.05). 3. The result compared with maximal shear load between occlusal and non-occlusal side showed no statistically difference until retention 8-daygroup(p>0.05), and showed statistically difference from retention 12-day to 20-day group(p<0.05). These results show that the occlusion had an effect on mechanical strength of the periodontal fibers during retention periods after experimental tooth movement; therefore, it is suggested that consideration of occlusion is required for the type and length of retention at the time of retention planning.

黃鳥歌 硏究

李權宰 조선대학교 전통문화연구소 1999 전통문화연구 Vol.6 No.-

Refractory Ceramic Fiber와 Rock Wool로 자극한 폐포대식 세포에서 Reactive Oxygen Species 분비와 관련된 세포내 신호변환계

이권행,임영,양경숙,오현숙,김은경,김경아 大韓産業醫學會 1999 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.11 No.4

Objectives : It is known that the high fibrogenecity of particles is connected with their cytotoxicity for macrophages. Although the molecular mechanism leading to fiber-induced fiber-induced cytotoxicity is still not clear, several mechanism have been suggested. The release of reactive oxygen species(ROS) from activated alveolar macrophages(AM) by dust have been suggested as a possible mechanism of particle-induced cell damage. But the mechanism which man-made vitreous fiber(MMVF) induces the production of ROS in AM is still not clear. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between ROS production and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) release from alveolar treated with refractory ceramic fiber(RF2) or rock wool(RWI) and signal transduction path-way of ROS production in RF2 or RW1 exposed AM. Methods : We investigated LDH release from MMVF-stimulated AM for index of cytotoxicity. To determine what kind of signal transduction pathways are involved in MMVF-stimulated ROS generation, we used some drugs which have an effect on the signal transduction pathway. Results : RF2 and RW1 induced increase of LDH release with dose-dependent manner with RF2 having greater effect than RW1. There was a dose-dependent increase in the production of ROS by RF2 or RW1. At all level of concentration, RF2 induced more ROS production than RW1. Inhibitors of PKC(bisindolylmaleimide), PLC(U73122 and neomycine) and PTK(genistein and erbstatin) suppressed RF2 or RW1-induced ROS production. Conclusion : There was significant correlation between LDH release and ROS production from AM treated with RF2 or RW1. RF2 and RW1 induced ROS generation through protein kinase C(PKC), phospholipase C(PLC) and protein tyrosin kinase(PTK) pathways.

뇌기능 장애 환자에서 뇌 SPECT의 유용성

김권영,신수범 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2006 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.31 No.3

Objective: To evaluate usefulness of the brain SPECT in brain dysfunction patients who showed low Mini-MentaI State Examination(MMSE) score. Method: Eighty four patients who were visited to a rehabilitation hospital for their brain dysfunction were retropectively studied. We investigated percent of positive finding in brain SPECT, brain CT, MRI, P-300 studies, and correlation of MMSE scores, brain SPECT, P-300 studies, and correlation of brain SPECT, brain CT and MRI, P-300 studies. Resutts: Percent of positive finding in brain SPECT was high than brain CT, MRI, P-300 studies. MMSE scores were positive correlation with brain SPECT, but no correlation with P-300 study(P>0.05). Brain SPECT were significant correlation with brain CT (P<0.05), but no correlation with brain MRI and P-300 studies (P>0.05). P-300 study was no correlation with brain CT, MRI (P>0.05). Conclusion: We concluded that brain SPECT is useful for reflection of brain dysfunction.

明庵 정식의 生涯와 詩文學에 대한 考究

許捲洙 慶尙大學校 南冥學硏究所 2004 남명학연구 Vol.17 No.-

明庵 鄭拭은 1683(肅宗 9)년에 普州 玉峯에서 태어났다. 字는 敬甫이고, 명암은 그 號이다. 明나라가 망한 것을 슬퍼하여 일생 동안 仕宦하지 않고 초야에서 포의로 지내다 일생을 마친 문학자이다. 그는 명나라를 숭상하는 인물 가운데서도 철저한 사람이었다. 그는 청나라는 미개한 오랑캐로 간주하여 철저하게 배척하여 인정하지 않았다. 명나라를 높은 학문과 찬란한 문화를 가진 중국 역사사의 正統으로 인정하였다. 사람답게 사는 삶의 질이 높은 이상적인 국가로 명나라를 생각하였다. 그래서 청나라가 지배하는 세상에 나가서 벼슬하는 것을 더럽게 생각하였고, 어떻게 하면 중국 대륙에서 청나라를 섬멸하여 축출할까 하는 것이 일생의 話題였다. 명암의 사상과 문학은 모두 이 화두에서 출발하였다. 그래서 그의 號마저도 明庵이라고 했던 것이다. 그의 고결한 정신자세는, 朝鮮의 伯夷叔齊라 일컬어 손색이 없다. 청나라가 중국을 통치하고 있던 시대에 태어나 살았던 明庵은, 名利를 초탈하여 명나라의 회복과 청나라의 축출을 염원하면서 한 평생 부귀영화를 누리는 것을 스스로 포기하고서, 出處의 大節을 지켜 곧게 깨끗하게 艱苦한 삶을 영위하였다. 그는 선비 지식인으로서 국가의 운명에 무관심할 수 없었던 것이다. 伯夷叔齊 이래로 이어져 온 선비의 節義사상이 이 시대상황에서 명암을 통해 體現된 것이었다. 그의 시는 淸淨하고 眞率한 肺腑에서 흘러나온 것이기에 읽는 사람에게 감동을 준다. 詩想이 다채롭고 진지하고, 표현의 기법도 독창적이라 이전의 시를 답습한 것이 아니고, 아주 逼眞하게 사물을 묘사하였다. 언어를 다루는 기술이 섬세하여 그의 시는 내용적으로 뿐만 아니라 文藝的으로 성공하였다고 할 수 있다. 그의 산문 가운데는 「矗石樓重修記」,「義巖碑記」등 많은 사람들의 주목을 받았던 글이 있지만, 문학적으로 가장 뛰어난 글은 여러 종류의 遊山錄이라 할 수 있다. 그의 유산록은 산수문학의 典範으로서 韓國漢文學史에 등장시킬 가치가 있다. 本考에서는 지금까지 학계에 소개된 적이 없었던 明庵 鄭拭의 생애와 그의 詩文學의 독특한 면모를 밝혀, 韓國漢文學 연구의 지평을 확대하고자 한다. Jungsik, with the pen name of Meongam, is a literati in the latter period of Chosun dynasty. He has never entered government service. Because he has deeply deplored that Ming dynasty has been collapsed by Qing dynasty. he has regarded that Ming dynasty is an enlightened nation, but Qing dynasty is a barbarian nation. At that period, most of Chonsun' Confucianists have regarded Ming dynasty as suzerain nation to Chonsun dynasty. So they couldn't help deploring to the fall of Ming dynasty. Jungsik also was one of that Confuciaists who thinks so. Therefore, in his whole time, he has tried to rebuild Ming dynasty. Consequently his life has undergone through many hardships, but he has never broken his life principles. His spirit like this has revealed in his poetries and proses. As his poetry have gushed out from the bottom of his heart, his poetry is fresh and sincere. So the atmosphere of his poetry can make reader move deeply. His techniques of expression is creative and variegated. And he has written poetry with the vivid description. He has never followed in former poets footstep. Poetic language that he has command is polished well. In conclusion, his poetry is excellent not only in contents but also in literary. Besides, although his prose, for instance Choksuklu record and Euyam epitaph have been received many readers' attentions. But his best excellent prose is his picnic record. Especially, his picnic record is nice model of scenic beauty, and can be registered on the history of Korean literature in Sino character.

백서에서 치아이동 후 보정기간 동안 교합이 치주조직섬유의 재형성에 미치는 영향

정권희,박영준,이기헌,황현식 대한치과교정학회 2003 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.33 No.2

본 연구는 실험적 치아이동 후 보정기간 동안 교합이 치주조직섬유의 물리적 강도에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 시행되었다. 체중 200g 내외의 Sprague-Dawley계 백서 수컷에서 상악 양측 제1대구치와 2대구치 사이에 교정용 고무줄을 삽입하여 4일 동안 치아를 이동시킨 다음, 각 실험동물의 하악 좌측 베1, 2, 3대구치를 발치하여 우측은 대합치가 있는 교합측으로, 좌측은 비교합측으로 구분하였다. 상악 제1대구치와 2대구치 사이의 인접면에 유지구를 형성하고 광중합형 레진으로 채워 보정을 시행한 후 시작 0일, 4일, 8일, 12일, 16일 또는 20일 경과한 후 백서를 희생시킨 다음, 만능물성 시험기를 이용하여 상악 제1대구치를 발치할 때 필요한 최대인장강도를 측정 좌우간 비교 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 교합측은 비보정군에서 보정 4일, 8일, 12일, 16일, 20일군으로 갈수록 최대인장강도사 증가하였고, 보정 12일군 이후부터 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 2. 비교합측은 비보정군에서 4일, 8일, 12일, 16일, 20일군으로 갈수록 최대인장강도가 증가하는 경향을 보였으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p<0.05) 3. 교합측과 비교합측의 최대인장강도를 비교한 결과 보정 8일군까지 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나 (p>0.05), 보정 12일군 이후 보정 20일군까지 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과는 실험적 치아이동 후 보정기간 동안 교합이 치주조직 섬유의 재형성에 영향을 미침으로 보정장치의 선택, 기간설정 등 보정계획서 교합에 대한 고려가 필요함을 시사하였다. The purpose of this study was to valuate the effect of occlusion on the mechanical strength of periodontal fibers during retention periods after experimental tooth movement. In the Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 200g or more, the intraoral elastics were inserted into the both right and left interproximal space between upper first and second molars for tooth movement. After 4 days later, the left lower first, second, and third molars were extracted for differentiating the non-occlusal side from the occlusal side in the same mouth. At the same time the elastics were removes and than light cured resin was placed in the space between upper first and second molard following undercut was made for retention bilaterally. From the beginning of retention, 7 rats were sacrificed at 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 days respectively. For evaluating of magnitude on the mechanical strength of periodontal tissue, the maximal shear load of the upper first molars were measured bilaterally during extraction using Instron Universal Testing Machine. The results of this study were obtained as follows : 1. In the occlusal side, the maximal shear load was increased from no retention to retention 20 days group as time was going and statistically difference was shown from retention 12 days group (p<0.05). 2. In the non-occlusal side, the maximal shear load was increased slightly from no retention 20 days group as time was going but there was no statistically difference (p>0.05) 3. The result compared with the maximal shear load between occlusal and nonocclusal side showed no statistically difference until retention 8 day group (p>0.05), but showed statistically difference from retention 12 day to 20 day group (p<0.05). These results show that occlusion had an effect on mechanical strength of the periodontal fibers during retention periods after experimental tooth movement; therefore, it is suggested that occlusion should be considered while the retainer types and retention period are planned.