行政?科 ?科課程에 관한 比較 ?究

곽상은(Sangeun Kwark) 부산대학교 법학연구소 1970 법학연구 Vol.12 No.1

소아에 발생한 원발성간암의 2예

곽영신,김성기,황원규 대한소아과학회 1970 小兒科 Vol.13 No.12

TRANSIENT PERFORMANCE OF AN SI ENGINE BY TRANSIENT RESPONSE SPECIFICATIONS

Kwark, J.H.,Jeon, C.H.,Chang, Y.J. The Korean Society of Automotive Engineers 2003 International journal of automotive technology Vol.4 No.3

The analysis and evaluation of the transient performance by the transient response specifications under various acceleration speeds and types based on driver's typical acceleration habit are implemented by the experimental study to provide the appropriate direction for the transient control in a gasoline engine. The concept of the transient response specifications which consist of delay time, rising time, maximum overshoot and settling time, and the analysis method using them are introduced to evaluate the characteristics of the transient performance quantitatively. Furthermore four acceleration speeds and four acceleration types are set respectively to realize the various transient states which are similar to the real drive. Several performance parameters in terms of engine speed, manifold absolute pressure, fuel injection duration and air excess ratio are measured simultaneously during the various acceleration using a throttle actuator controlled by a PC. The transient response specifications characterized well the transient performance for the various acceleration speed and types quantitatively. Delay and rising time with increment of the acceleration speed became shorter, but settling time did longer. Intensified acceleration type appeared to be the most economical in view of fuel consumption, and linear acceleration type was found to have the least harmful emission concentration.

Titanium Complexes: A Possible Catalyst for Controlled Radical Polymerization

Kwark, Young-Je,Kim, Jeong-Han,Novak Bruce M. The Polymer Society of Korea 2007 Macromolecular Research Vol.15 No.1

Pentamethylcyclopentadienyltitanium trichloride, bis(cyclopentadienyl)titanium dichloride ($Cp_2TiCl_2$), and bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)titanium dichloride were used in the polymerization of styrene without the aid of Group I-III cocatalysts. The properties of the resulting polymer indicated that polymerization was more controlled than in thermal polymerization. The kinetic studies indicated that a lower level of termination is present and that the polymer chain can be extended by adding an additional monomer. To elucidate the mechanism of polymerization, a series of experiments was performed. All results supported the involvement of a radical mechanism in the polymerization using $Cp_2TiCl_2$. The possibility of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) mechanism was investigated by isolating the intermediate species. We could confirm the activation step from the reaction of 1-PEC1 with $Cp_2TiCl$ by detecting the coupling product of the generated active radicals. However, the reversible deactivation reaction competes with other side reactions, and it detection was difficult with our model system.

제11장 성장회계 분석을 통한 외환위기 전후의 성장요인 분석과 잠재성

Kwark Noh-Sun(곽노선) 한국경제연구원 2008 한국경제연구원 연구보고서 Vol.2008 No.7-2

곽노선 교수의 논문은 외환위기 전후 한국경제의 성장요인을 분석하여 성장추세의 변동 여부와 그 요인에 대하여 살펴보고 향후 잠재성장률을 전망하는 것이다. 연구의 주요 결론은 다음과 같이 요약된다. 첫째, 외환위기 이전과 이후의 성장추세를 분석한 결과 잠재성장률은 외환위기 이전 기간의 6~7%에서 2000년 이후 4% 중반 성장률로 성장 추세의 하락이 확연히 나타나고 있다. 둘째, 기존 연구와 추가적인 패널 자료의 분석으로부터 외환위기가 직접적으로 성장률을 둔화시켰다는 실증적 증거는 발견하기 어려우나 소득수준이 높아지면서 성장률이 둔화되는 조건부 수렴현상은 두드러지게 나타난다. 셋째, 산업별 성장회계분석으로부터 나타난 특징들을 요약하면, 전 산업의 경우, 1970~2005년 기간 중 실질GDP 증가율(6.5%)의 약 46%인 3.0% 정도가 자본투입의 증가에 의해 이루어졌고 노동투입의 양적인 측면은 23%, 질적인 측면인 인적자본 축적은 9%, 나머지 22%가 총요소생산성의 증가에 의한 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 총요소생산성 증가율은 1980년대에는 3.31%, 1990년대에는 외환위기 전까지 1.78%, 2000~2005년 기간에는 1.48%로 나타나 증가율 둔화가 뚜렷하게 나타나고 있으며 대부분의 산업의 공통된 현상이다. 산업별 성장회계분석을 이용하여 향후 2005~2015년 사이의 잠재성장률을 전망한 결과 4.5~5.5% 정도에 머물 것으로 전망되었다. 총요소생산성 증가율이 가장 높았던 시기인 1980년대의 3%로 회복한다는 매우 낙관적인 전제 아래서는 잠재성장률이 6%를 상회할 수도 있으나 이러한 전망은 실현될 가능성이 낮은 것으로 평가된다. 잠재성장률 제고를 위하여 경제활동참가율 제고를 통한 노동투입 증가를 유도하고 설비투자가 확대될 수 있는 구조적 환경개선이 필요하며 총요소생산성 증대를 위해 특히 서비스산업의 생산성 증대방안이 마련되어야 할 것으로 판단된다. This study examines a long-run growth trend of the Korean economy before and after the currency crisis, focusing on growth accounting analysis by industry and attempts to predict the potential growth for the period of 2005-2015. The Korean economy shows a significant decline in the average growth rate after the currency crisis, which can be interpreted as an adjustment process of structural changes or a convergence phenomenon as per capita income growth. The growth accouting analysis shows that capital accumulation contributed about 46% of the total growth rate and there was a significant decline in the total factor productivity growth, in particular, in service industries, which is the main reason for the drop in the growth rate. The potential growth rate of the Korean economy over the next 10 years is predicted to be 4.7% assuming that the current trend is sustainable.

EFFECT OF SOLUBLE ADDITIVES, BORIC ACID (H₃BO₃) AND SALT (NaCl), IN POOL BOILING HEAT TRANSFER

Kwark, Sang-M.,Amaya, Miguel,Moon, Hye-Jin,You, Seung-M. Korean Nuclear Society 2011 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.43 No.3

The effects on pool boiling heat transfer of aqueous solutions of boric acid ($H_3BO_3$) and sodium chloride (NaCl) as working fluids have been studied. Borated and NaCl water were prepared by dissolving 0.5~5% volume concentration of boric acid and NaCl in distilled-deionized water. The pool boiling tests were conducted using $1{\times}1\;cm^2$ flat heaters at 1 atm. The critical heat flux (CHF) dramatically increased compared to boiling pure water. At the end of boiling tests it was observed that particles of boric acid and NaCl had deposited and formed a coating on the heater surface. The CHF enhancement and surface modification during boiling tests were very similar to those obtained from boiling with nanofluids. Additional experiments were carried out to investigate the reliability of the additives deposition in pure water. The boric acid and NaCl coatings disappeared after repeated boiling tests on the same surface due to the soluble nature of the coatings, thus CHF enhancement no longer existed. These results demonstrate that not only insoluble nanoparticles but also soluble salts can be deposited during boiling process and the deposited layer is solely responsible for significant CHF enhancement.

Alkoxy Bipyridine Ligands for ATRP of Styrene and Methyl Methacrylate

Kwark, Young-Je The Polymer Society of Korea 2009 Macromolecular Research Vol.17 No.4

Preparation of Branched Polystyrene Using Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Techniques and Protection-Deprotection Chemistry

Kwark, Young-Je The Polymer Society of Korea 2008 Macromolecular Research Vol.16 No.3

A new strategy using protection-deprotection chemistry was used to prepare branched polymers using the ATRP method only. Among the several monomers with different protecting groups, vinyl benzyl t-butyloxy carbonate (VBt-BOC) and 4-methyl styrene (4-MeSt) could be polymerized successfully to form backbones using the ATRP method in a controlled fashion. The protected groups in the backbones were converted to alkyl bromides and used as initiating sites for branch formation. The benzyl t-butyloxy carbonate groups in the backbones containing VBt-BOC units were first deprotected to benzyl alcohol by trifluoroacetic acid, then converted to benzyl bromide by reacting them with triphenylphosphine/carbon tetrabromide. The benzyl bromide groups in the backbones containing 4-MeSt units could be generated by bromination of the methyl groups using N-bromosuccinimide/benzoyl peroxide. The structures of the prepared polymers were well-controlled, as evidenced by the controlled molecular weight as well as the narrow and unimodal molecular weight distribution.

KTX 주행에 의한 콘크리트 상자형 교량의 동적거동

곽종원(Kwark JongWon),최은석(Choi EunSuk),김영진(Kim YoungJin),김병석(Kim ByungSuk) 대한토목학회 2003 대한토목학회 학술대회 Vol.2003 No.10

화재진행에 따른 복사열유속 분포 및 위험인자 연구

곽지현(Kwark, Ji-Hyun),김홍식(Kim, Hong-Sik),최재민(Choi, Jae-Min),오대희(Oh, Dae-Hee) 한국화재소방학회 2007 한국화재소방학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2007 No.춘계