야간주차정책에 관한 연구

김광식,박훈립 국민대학교 생산기술연구소 2002 공학기술논문집 Vol.25 No.-

Vehicles must be parked at least temporarily at each end of a vehicular trip before the occupants can partake in their activity. Parking is therefore a fundamental component of urban transportation system. The parking problems however have been got from bad to worse due to high cost of parking improvement. The city governments have formulated the synthetic policies to solve the parking problems without considering the characteristics of night-parking. In this study the direction of the parking policies is presented.

Event Mean Concentrations (EMCs) and First Flush Characteristics of Runoff from a Public Park in Korea

Jung, Jae-Woon,Park, Ha-Na,Yoon, Kwang-Sik,Choi, Dong-Ho,Lim, Byung-Jin The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2013 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.56 No.6

Characteristics of non-point source (NPS) pollution runoff from a public park in Gwangju, Korea were investigated. Results exhibited the highest pollutant concentrations at the start of the rainfall events due to their build-up and wash off processes. The average event mean concentrations (EMCs) were 27.8, 7.2, 56.3, 7.5, and 0.84 mg/L (range: 4.2-54.8 mg/L) for COD, (0.5-20.8 mg/L) for TOC, (22.3-138.4) for SS, (1.4-18.5 mg/L) for T-N, and (0.17-2.02 mg/L) for T-P, respectively. The study site presented a strong first flush effect for most rainfall events. However, no first flush effect was observed in rainfall events with small rainfall factors (e.g. intensity, amount, and runoff depth). On the other hand, the ratios of total pollution loads discharged by the first 20% of runoff volume were 32% for COD, 34% for TOC, 36% for SS, 42% for T-N, and 50% for T-P. Especially, $MFF_{20}$ (mass first flush) values of T-N and T-P were larger than those of other pollutants (COD, TOC, SS), indicating that T-N and T-P are easily transported by stormwater runoff from the public park. First flush management of T-N and T-P, therefore, is required for efficient water quality management of the public park.

PCR 기법을 이용한 바지락포자충 Perkinsus 진단 기술개발

박경일,박영미,이제희,최광식 한국환경생물학회 2002 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.20 No.2

이 연구에서는 해산 연체동물의 폐사를 유발하는 기생성 원생동물인 Perkinsus를 신속하고 특이적으로 검출하기 위하여 PCR진단법을 개발하였다. 이를 위해 Perkinsus속 4종을 공통적으로 증폭하거나 P. atlanfi-cus만을 특이적으로 증폭할 수 있는 두 가지의 primer 를 제작 하였다. PCR분석은 기존 Perkinsus진단법인 fluid thioglycollate medium (FTM) 방법과 2M NaOH 기법을 병행하여 실시하였다. 실험구로서 전라남도 완도산, 제주도 김녕산, 제주도 서귀포산, 제주도 성산산 바지락과 in vitro 배양된 바지락포자충이 이용되었으며, 대조구로서 전라남도 강진에서 채집된 꼬막, T, gronosa을 사용하였다. 실험 결과 Perkinsus 특이성 DNA band가 전남 완도산과 제주도 성산산 바지락, in vitro 배양된 바지락포자충에서 확인되었으나, 대조구였던 꼬막과 제주도 서귀포산, 제주도 김녕산 바지락에서는 나타나지 않았다. 이 같은 진단 결과는 FTM과 2M NaOH진단 결과와 일치하였다. 한편 P. atlanticus에 특이적인 primer에 의해 증폭된 band가 확인됨에 따라 국내산 바지락에서 검출되는 바지락포자충은 P. atlanticus와 동일 종 임이 확인되었다. 결론적으로, 본 연구를 통하여 개발된 PCR을 이용한 진단법은 해산 연체동물내 Perkinsus 속 기생충과 P. atlanticus의 감염을 신속하고도 종 특이적으로 진단할 수 있어 수·출입 수산물의 검역과 바지락 포자충의 생태학적 특성을 규명하는데 효과적으로 이용 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. Detection of protozoan parasites Perkinsus sp. and P. atlanticus was developed in this study using a specific polymerase chain reaction(PCR) to diagnose the presence of those organisms that causes extensive mortalities of marine shellfishes. The PCR was conducted together with fluid thioglycollate medium(FTM) method and 2 M NaOH lysis method. For the test, Manila clams, Ruditapes philippinarum, were collected from four coastal locations in Korea including Wando Island, Gimnyeong, Sungsan and Sogwipo in Jeju. In addition, trophozites of Perkinsus sp. cultivated in vitro and the granular ark clam, Tegillarca granosa, taken from Gangjin on the south coast of Korea, were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Expected DNA bands were detected in the samples from Wando Island, Sungsan and the in vitro cultured Perkinsus sp. when the probes specific for the genus Perkinsus and P. atlanticus were used. The samples were also positively diagnosed by the FTM and 2 M NaOH methods. In contrast, the Manila clams from Gimnyeong and Sogwipo, and the granular arks clams from Gangjin showed no detectable signs of infection with the PCR, the FTM method and the 2 M NaOH lysis method. On the other hand, being amplified by P. atlanticus specific primer, it is suggested that the protozoan parasite Perkinsus sp. found in the Korean Manila clam is P. atlanticus. Finally the PCR-based assay developed in the present study can be used in detection of Perkinsus infection and discrimination of Perkinsus species in quarantine stations or laboratories due to the high sensitivity and specificity as well as its rapid detection.

GIS에 의한 의사결정 시스템 구축에서 AHP의 적용기법

박재훈,양인태,최광식 江原大學校 産業技術硏究所 1998 産業技術硏究 Vol.18 No.-

According to growing interest in environmental quality with improvements of a standard of livign site selection problems such as waste landfill sites, caused regional conflicts. This study investigates a waste landfill estimation method that was used to for storage, management, analysis and dispaly of encironmental information provided by geo-spatial information system(GLS) and analytic hieracchy process (AHP) as a decision-making method. If GLS is integrated with AHP, site selection problems of environmental hatred facilities shall be able to be very useful, because of AHP with flexibility which appropriately reflects opinions of the related group.

이단평행봉과 철봉에서의 드가체프동작 분석

박광동,안완식,김혜영 한국운동역학회 2001 한국운동역학회지 Vol.11 No.3

This study has carried out a survey on the motion staying in the air at the uneven bars by 3 successful female and 3 national level male champions in order to verify whether or not the Horizontal Bar developed Tkatchev motion can be applied to the Uneven Bars for the purpose to utilize such principles at guiding champions. This study were sampled to be photographed by 100 frames/sec, using a 16mm high-speed camera. 11 joint points of their bodies were digitized by each two frames, while the data developed by Kown Young-hoo for a 2D analysis were used to analyze the programmed data in a kinematic way. The activity has resulted in as follows. To summarize the above, in the event that we accelerate the vertical ascension velocity of phase D.V.P at the Uneven Bars, and then make a small extension by lifting the vertical position at phase Rel., we could take stable T.B posture lifting the vertical position both at phase P.H and T.B. This kind of motion was determined to be able to apply the a promoted type of Tkatchev motion of the Horizontal Bar to the exercise of the Uneven Bars.

원광 뇌졸중 등록 자료를 통한 허혈성 뇌졸중의 임상 양상과 위험인자

박현영,장혁,박성욱,김요식,조광호 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 1999 圓光醫科學 Vol.15 No.2

Background: To investigate clinical features and risk factors of stroke patients who lived in Korean rural area, we analysis Wonkwang Stroke Registry and compared with other studies. Methods: We filled out Stroke Registry in the consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke from march 1997 to February 1999. We analyzed demographic data, risk factors and subtypes of stroke. All patients were divied into 3 groups according to their age. Stroke subtype was classified into large artery atherosclerosis(LAA),small vessel occlusion(SVO), cardioembolism(CE), stroke of other determined etiology(SOE), and stroke of undetermined etiology(SUE) by TOAST(Trial of Org 10172 in Actue Stroke Treatment). Results: Five hundred nine patients were included in Wonkwang Stroke Registry from march 1997 to February 1999. Mean age was 65.47±0.48 years old. The ratio of males to females was 1 : 0.78. SVO was the most frequent subtype(49%) of ischemic stroke, and then followed by LAA(27.5%), CE(7%), SOE(8.1%), and SUE(8.4%). The internal carotid artery(ICA) territory was involved in 59.3% patients. Vertebrobasilar artery territory involvement was noted in 37.5%, and 3.2% of patients showed multiple artery territory involvement. All patients had risk factor of ischemic stroke except for 14 patients. Mean number of risk factors was 1.7/patient. Hypertension(62.1%) was the most frequent risk factor, and follwed by smoking(26.3%), diabetes mellitus(25.9%), and hyperlipidemia(25.55%). Conclusions: These results showed that the proportion of ischemic stroke subtype was not concordant with other studies. It may be caused by different mode of living and ethnic difference. This study may afford further information on the characteristics of Korean rural area stroke.

구강 내 미생물에 대한 서양산 고추냉이(Horseradish, Armoracia rusticana) 뿌리 천연추출물과 합성 Allyl isothiocyanate의 항균활성 비교

박광선,박호원,신일식,이주현,서현우 大韓小兒齒科學會 2009 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.36 No.2

서양산 고추냉이(Horseradish, Armoracia rusticana)의 항균 성분 중 주 성분인 Allyl isothiocyanate(AIT)는 천연물을 이용한 추출이나 유기합성을 통해서 얻을 수 있으며, 이제까지 사용되고 있는 항균제품 및 식품첨가물들은 주로 유기합성법에 의해서 얻어졌다. 이전 연구에서 서양산 고추냉이 천연추출물의 다양한 구강 내 미생물에 대한 항균활성은 보고된 바 있으나, 유기합성한 AIT용액의 구강 내 미생물에 대한 항균활성은 아직까지 연구된 바가 없다. 이에 본 연구에서는 유기합성을 통해 얻은 AIT 용액과 서양산 고추냉이 뿌리 천연추출물의 구강 내 미생물에 대한 항균활성을 평가하였다. 항균활성을 평가하기 위해 최소억제농도와 최소살균농도를 측정하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 본 연구에 사용된 7종의 구강 내 미생물에 대한 서양산 고추냉이 뿌리 천연추출물의 최소억제농도는 약 117~1,750 ppm(0.0117~0.175%)이었으며, 유기합성한 AIT용액의 최소억제농도는 약 344~3,000 ppm(0.0344~0.3%)으로 모든 균주에 대해 항균활성을 나타내었다. 2. 본 연구에 사용된 7종의 구강 내 미생물에 대한 서양산 고추냉이 뿌리 천연추출물의 최소살균농도는 약 625.2~6,000 ppm(0.06252~0.6%)이었으며, 유기합성한 AIT용액의 최소살균농도는 약 1,750~7,000 ppm(0.175~0.7%)이었다. Allyl isothiocyanate(AIT), the principle ingredient of antimicrobial ingredients from horseradish root, can be prepared from extracts of horseradish root or synthetic method. It is reported that the horseradish root extract has the antimicrobial effect against various oral microorganisms, while there is no further study about the antimicrobial effect against the oral microorganisms of synthetic AIT derived from synthetic method. The aim of the study is to compare the difference of the antimicrobial effect between horseradish root extracts and synthetic AIT. To evaluate the antimicrobial effect, we measured the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and the results are like following. 1. The MIC of horseradish root extract against 7 kinds of oral pathogenic microorganisms is about 117~1,750 ppm(0.0117~0.175%), and the MIC of the synthetic AIT is about 344~3,000 ppm(0.0344~0.3%), which have the antimicrobial effects against all kinds of microorganisms. 2. The MBC of the horseradish root extracts against the 7 kinds of oral microorganisms is about 625.2~6,000 ppm(0.06252~0.6%), and the MBC of the synthetic AIT is about 1,750~7,000 ppm(0.175~0.7%), which have the antimicrobial effects against all kinds of microorganisms.

Behavioural Semantics를 추가한 Database Transactions의 Modelling 및 Design

박영배,김광식 명지대학교 공학기술연구소 1986 공학기술연구소 논문집 Vol.1 No.-

Designing DB, in the conventional relational/network DBMS, the DB designer doesn't deal with behavioural aspect, but only with structural aspect. And semantic integrity control is needed for the relational/network DBMS based on extended E-R model for representing semantics of real world precisely. In this paper, defining the structure of extended E-R model and semantic integrity rules on this structure, Dynamic Operation has been designed by analyzing behaviour for maintaining the semantic integrity rules in the relational/network DBMS. Also, proposing the modelling technique of transaction to represent the behaviour of objects in this structure, we have designed the transaction using transaction scheme which is the result of modelling.

Cunninghamella elegans에 의한 폐 mucormycosis

박경실,서광수,조무자,김춘식,심상인,김선무 대한임상병리사협회 2001 대한임상병리사회지 Vol.21 No.1

韓國의 中學校 科學敎科書와 美國 SciencePlus의 生物領域 比較

박광순,신진범,김온식 공주대학교 사범대학 과학교육연구소 1997 과학교육연구 Vol.28 No.1

한국의 중학교 과학교과서와 미국 SciencePlus의 생물영역을 내용을 검토하고 상호 비교 분석한 결과 다음과 같다. 생물영역의 지면 수를 보면 한국 과학교과서는 265쪽인데 미국의 SciencePlus는 294쪽이었으나 SciencePlus는 그 내용이 탐구학습에 초점을 두고 많은 연습문제로 되어있다. SciencePlus는 많은 그림이 천연색으로 소개되어 생동감 있는 자료로 소개되었으며 그림을 보면 학습목표에 도달하도록 교도발견 식으로 편제되었고 탐구문제가 단원마다 그 앞에 8∼17항목이 있었다. 실험 수를 보면 한국 과학교과서는 60회 미국 SciencePlus는 33회로 되어 있었고. SciencePlus의 경우 한국 과학교과서 보다 실험 수는 줄이고 실험을 설명하는 그림이나 사진으로 대치하고 우수 학생을 위한 지도 자료가 교사용 지도서에 많이 제시되었다. 수준 강조도를 보면 한국 과학교과서는 개체, 조직과 기관 순으로 지면 수를 점유했으며 미국 SciencePlus에서는 생물과 환경 단원이 많은 지면 수로 점유했다. S.T.S 주제 영역에 따른 강조도의 지면 수를 비교하면 한국은 전체 지면의 6.3%의 점유로 ①기술 발달의 영향 ②환경 ③천연자원 순으로 구성되었으며 미국 SciencePlus는 전체 지면의 76.5%의 점유로 ①환경 ②천연자원 ③과학 사회학 순으로 구성되어 있다. We came to a conclusion after we compared the biology part of the Korean middle school science textbooks with that of SciencePlus in U.S.A. It is as follows. The biology part has 265 pages in the Korean science textbooks, while SciencePlus has 294 pages, and its content is focused on many explorations and composed of examples of brain teasers. In SciencePlus's case, a lot of color pictures are composed in a guided discovery way and they are showed vividly so that students may reach the learning points with ease and including 8 to 17 explorations. Experiments are presented 60 times in the Korean textbooks, while they are presented 33 times in SciencePlus. Though SciencePlus reduced number of experiment than the Korean textbooks, but it has many explorations, brain teasers, science in Actions, Science on your owns, pictures and photographes that can help students to understand well and teaching materials for superior students are shown very much in the guidance book for teachers. When we examine the focus from each level, ontogeny takes the largest, histology and organs are the next in the Korean textbooks, while histology and organs takes the largest, ontogeny is the next in SciencePlus. When we examine the focus of each subject, the structure and the function is emphasized in the Korean textbooks, while life and environment is emphasized in SciencePlus. When we examine pages of the focus according to the subject sphere of S.T.S, in the Korean textbooks the first is the influence of development of technology, the second is environment and the third natural resources (total 6.3%), while the first is environment, the next is natural resources and the third is sociology of science in SciencePlus (total 76.5%).