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Je-Young Woo,Kwang-Mun Lee,Bong-Chul Jee,Cheol-Hwi Ryu,Cheol-Hun Yoon,Jang-Hoon Chung,Yong-Ryul Kim,Sang-Bong Moon,An-Soo Kang 한국공업화학회 2010 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.16 No.5
Membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) of covalently cross-linked sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)(CL-SPEEK)/heteropolyacids (HPAs) composite polymer with platinum-based alloys such as Pt–Ru–Co and Pt–Ru–Ni were prepared and their electrochemical properties for water electrolysis were investigated. The HPAs, which were used in the composite membranes, were tungstophosphoric acid (TPA) (the part of TPA data was permitted by the previous authors), molybdophosphoric acid (MoPA),and tungstosilicic acid (TSiA). The MEAs with Pt–Co, Pt–Ru–Co, and Pt–Ru–Ni in the anode catalyst layer were prepared by means of a non-equilibrium impregnation–reduction (I–R) method. The electrocatalytic properties of composite membranes, such as the cell voltage and coulombic charge in CV, were in the following order: CL-SPEEK/MoPA40 > CL-SPEEK/TPA30 > CL-SPEEK/TSiA40 (wt%). For the optimum cell applications of water electrolysis, the cell voltage of Pt/PEM/Pt–Ru–Co (Electrodeposited (Dep)-MoPA) MEA with a CL-SPEEK/MoPA40 membrane was 1.70 V at 80 8C and 1 A cm2, and this voltage carried a value lower than that of 1.81 V of Nafion 117. In addition, the observed activity of Pt–Ru–Co (75:12:13 by EDX) is a little higher than that of Pt–Ru–Ni (79:10:11 by EDX). The mean coulombic charge and activity enhancement of Pt–Ru–Co catalysts, with and without electrodeposition, showed the same CV profiles of the Pt–Ru–Co catalysts and were in the following order: Nafion 117 < CL-SPEEK/TSiA40 < CL-SPEEK/TPA30 < CL-SPEEK/MoPA40. The current density peak of electrodeposited electrodes was a little better than those of inactivated electrodes on the same membranes. The current peak by Pt–Ru–Co with CL-SPEEK/MoPA40 (Dep-MoPA) is more than about three times as high as those of Pt electrodes on the same membranes. 2010 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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박주형,이식,안철민,문치영,김정렬,김원,박성광,강성귀 의과학연구소 2000 全北醫大論文集 Vol.24 No.1
Renal carcinoma is a relatively rare cancer, accounting for roughly 3% of all cancers occurring in adults, is most common of carcinoma that occurred at kidney, occupy 85% of primary renal cancer, and has incidence that increases 2% per year. However, this tumor has tendency to ward metastatic disease, with approximately 23% of patients having metastasis on diagnosis. The most frequently detected metastatic sites are lung and mediastinum(50%), bones(49%), skin(11%), liver(8%), and brain(3%). Lymph node metastases are encountered in 6% to 32% of cases. The classic triad consisting of henaturia, pain, and a flank mass are presented 20% to 40% of patients. Symptoms secondary to metastatic disease, including weight loss, fever, and night sweat are presented about 18% to 36%. The frequency of incidentally detected renal cell carcinoma are reported 10% to 50% due to development diagnostic approach recently. Thus, we report a case of asymptomatic renal cell carcinoma that was detected due to bone metastased with pathologic fracture.
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2,5-Diarylisoxazolidin-3-ones의 합성에 관한 연구
서영완,문광율,이윤영,김경태,Youngwan Seo,Kwang Ryul Mun,Youn Young Lee,Kyongtae Kim 대한화학회 1992 대한화학회지 Vol.36 No.3
염화 삼메틸규소를 첨가하지 않고 에테르나 사염화탄소 중의 3-Aryl-3-bromopropanoyl chloride를 상온에서 2당량의 히드록실아민과 반응시켜 2,5-diarylisoxazolidin-3-ones 을 좋은 수율로 얻을 수 있었다. 그러나 $0^{\circ}C$에서 3-bromohydrocinnamoyl chloride 는 2당량의 벤질히드록실아민과 반응하여 N-benzyl-3-bromo-3-phenylpropanohydroxamic acid (72%) 와 N-benzyl-C-phenylnitrone (12%)을 생성하며 같은 조건하에서 3당량의 벤질히드록실아민을 사용하면 3-phenylisoxazolidin-5-one (41%) 과 2-benzyl-S-phenyl-isoxzolidin-3-one (38%)이 생성된다. 3-Aryl-3-bromopropanoyl chloride in either ether or carbon tetrachloride reacted with 2 equiv. of hydroxylamine in the absence of trimethylsilyl chloride at ambient temperature to give directly 2,5-diarylisoxazolidin-3-ones in good yields. However, when 3-benzylhydroxylamine at $0^{\circ}C$, N-benzyl-3-bromo-3-phenylpropanohydroxamic acid (72%) and N-benzyl-C-phenylnitrone (12%) were obtained. On the contrary, 3-phenylisoxazolidin-5-one (41%) and 2-benzyl-S-phenyl-isoxzolidin-3-one (38%) were obtained when 3 equiv. of benzylhydroxylamine was used under the same conditions.
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도로주행훈련이 뇌졸중 환자의 운전수행능력에 미치는 영향
Jae Nam Kim,Jung Ah Lee,Hyun Choi,Jae Hyuk Bae,Dong A Kim,Jin Ju Kim,Mun Hee Lim,Kwang Il Cho,Mi Hye Kim,Hak Ryul Kim,Hyun Woo Lee 대한인간공학회 2016 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.06
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of driving training on driving performance of stroke patients. Background: Driving performance was affected by motor, visual, cognitive and perceptual deficits after stroke. Stroke patients perform driving training program, but there is no convincing evidence on the effect of this practice. Method: 9 stroke patients participated driving training 2 hours per day for 5 days, and the results were compared before and after driving performance. Driving performance was analyzed by 3 categories in driving test: Driving function (10), traffic law (6), complex evaluation (3) items. Results: Overall, driving performance was improved after driving training. The hand control in driving function, selecting appropriate lane, road sign reaction in traffic law, and problem solving ability in complex evaluation were significantly improved(p<.05). Conclusion: The results showed that driving training affects their general driving performance in stroke patients. Our results favor the implementation of driving training and test of stroke patients in the future.
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