Evaluation of the Perkins handheld applanation tonometer in horses and cattle

Silvia Franco Andrade,Daniel Silva Kupper,Luiz Fernando Rodrigues de Pinho,Elizabeth Cunha Franco,Marcus Vinícius Felix Fabri Prataviera,Rodrigo Rolim Duarte,José Ricardo Cecílio Junqueira 대한수의학회 2011 JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE Vol.12 No.2

The objective of this study was to evaluate and validate the accuracy of the Perkins handheld applanation tonometer for measuring intraocular pressure (IOP) in horses and cattle. Both eyes of 10 adult horses and cattle were evaluated in a postmortem study. The eyes from 10 clinically normal adult horses and cattle were also examined after bilateral auriculopalpebral nerve block and topical anesthesia for an in vivo study. IOP was measured postmortem using direct manometry (measured with an aneroid manometer) and tonometry (measured with a Perkins handheld applanation tonometer). The correlation coefficients (r^2) for the data from the postmortem manometry and Perkins tonometer study were 0.866 for horses and 0.864 for cattle. In the in vivo study, IOP in horses was 25.1 ± 2.9 mmHg (range 19.0~30.0 mmHg) as measured by manometry and 23.4 ± 3.2 mmHg (range 18.6~28.4 mmHg) according to tonometry. In cattle, IOP was found to be 19.7 ± 1.2 mmHg (range 18.0~22.0 mmHg) by manometry and 18.8 ± 1.7 mmHg (range 15.9~20.8 mmHg) by tonometry. There was a strong correlation between the IOP values obtained by direct ocular manometry and the tonometer in both horses and cattle. Our results demonstrate that the Perkins handheld tonometer could be an additional tool for accurately measuring IOP in equine and bovine eyes.

Transcriptome analysis of human skin-resident memory T cells in atopic dermatitis

( Seo Hyeong Kim ),( Ji Hye Kim ),( Howard Chu ),( Thomas S. Kupper ),( Kwang Hoon Lee ),( Chang Ook Park ) 대한피부과학회 2018 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.70 No.2

Background: Memory T cells in human skin are composed of two major subsets, migratory memory T cells (T) and skin-resident memory T cells (TRM). TRM cells bear CD69 and CD103 but lack CCR7 and CD62L. The gene expression profile has not yet been determined in TRM cells and TMM cells using transcriptional analysis. Objectives: To characterize and identify the gene expression signature of human skin TMM and TRM cells in atopic dermatitis (AD). Methods: To distinguish between TMM and TRM cells, we attempted to generate human normal and AD skin using skin T-cell migration assay. Then, we sorted T cells which migrated to the skin (CD69- TMM cells) and resided in skin (CD69+ TRM cells). We then performed microarray analysis to evaluate and verify the cytokine signatures and various genes associated with tissue residency. Results: Skin TRM cells were found to be transcriptionally distinct from TMM cells using principal component analysis and correlation matrix analysis. AD CD69+ TRM cells also showed significant level of genes related with tissue residency compared to TMM cells. Gene set enrichment analysis further showed that skin TRM cells were significantly enriched for various immune-related signature genes compared to TMM cells. Interestingly, AD TRM produced multiple cytokines, such as IL-4, IL-17, IL-22, and IFN-γ Conclusion: These results indicate that multiple cytokine-producing AD TRM cells could have the main role in relapsing chronic skin disease with pruritus and inflamed eczematous skin lesions.

Prostaglandin A₂ triggers a strong oxidative burst in Laminaria: a novel defense inducer in brown algae?

Zambounis, Antonios,Gaquerel, Emmanuel,Strittmatter, Martina,Salaun, Jean-Pierre,Potin, Philippe,Kupper, Frithjof C. The Korean Society of Phycology 2012 ALGAE Vol.27 No.1

We report an oxidative burst triggered by prostaglandin $A_2(PGA_2)$ in the brown algal kelp Laminaria digitata, constituting the first such discovery in an alga and the second finding of an oxidative burst triggered by a prostaglandin in a living organism. The response is more powerful than the oxidative burst triggered by most other chemical elicitors in Laminaria. Also, it is dose-dependent and cannot be inhibited by diphenylene iodonium, suggesting that another source than NAD(P)H oxidase is operational in the production of reactive oxygen species. Despite the very strong oxidative response, rather few effects at other levels of signal transduction pathways could be identified. $PGA_2$ does not increase lipolysis (free fatty acids) in Laminaria, and only one oxylipin (15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid; 15-HETE) was found to be upregulated in Laminaria. In a subsequent set of experiments in the genome model Ectocarpus siliculosus, none of 5 selected candidate genes, all established participants in various stress responses, showed any significant differences in their expression profiles.

Morphological and molecular evidence for the recognition of Hypoglossum sabahense sp. nov. (Delesseriaceae, Rhodophyta) from Sabah, Malaysia

Wynne, Michael J.,Kamiya, Mitsunobu,West, John A.,Goer, Susan Loiseaux-de,Lim, Phaik-Eem,Sade, Ahemad,Russell, Hannah,Kupper, Frithjof C. The Korean Society of Phycology 2020 ALGAE Vol.35 No.2

Culture isolates of the genus Hypoglossum (Delesseriaceae, Rhodophyta) were obtained and their development and morphological structure over many years were followed in the laboratory. Molecular data (rbcL, large subunit ribosomal DNA, and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) were obtained from these strains and evidence presented to recognize the new species: Hypoglossum sabahense from Sabah, Malaysia. Because various aspects of morphology in culture specimens differ significantly from types based on field specimens we have to rely mainly on the molecular criteria in ascribing a new taxonomic name here. This also is complicated by the major lack of molecular phylogenetic evidence for Hypoglossum and other Delesseriaceae. The 'Germling Emergence Method' and 'serendipity' are proving valuable in discovering significant new taxa from laboratory cultures which otherwise might never be known.

Quantification of CD69+CD103+ skin-tissue resident memory cells in chronic atopic dermatitis

( Seo Hyeong Kim ),( Chang Ook Park ),( Jung U Shin ),( Ji Yeon Noh ),( Jin Shan ),( Jungsoo Lee ),( Hemin Lee ),( Thomas Kupper ),( Kwang Hoon Lee ) 대한피부과학회 2015 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.67 No.2

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a highly pruritic, chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disease characterized by frequently recurs in the same areas of the skin. While the role of TRM cells has been well studied in the chronic inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis that have a relapse in the same sites, TRM cells in AD has not yet been known. Objectives: In this study, we evaluated the ratio of dermal CD4 and CD8 T cells, and expression of TRM cell markers(CD69 and CD103). Methods: To observe the expression of TRM cell markers, we used immunofluorescence staining in chronic AD and normal human skin tissues. Results: The percentage of CD3+CD4 T cells among the entire mononucleated cells in the dermis was 25-30% in chronic AD skin and 15-20% in normal skin. While the percentage of CD3+CD8 T cells was less than 10% in normal skin, chronic AD skin had around 20% of CD3+CD8 T cells among total dermal DAPI+ cells. We also observed that the percentages of CD4+CD69+, CD4+CD69- T cells within dermal CD3+CD4 T cells were 94.74%, 5.26% in chronic AD skin and 62.07%, 37.93% in normal skin, and those of CD4+CD103+, CD4+CD103- T cells were also 97.22%, 2.78% in chronic AD and 44.44%, 55.56% in normal skin, respectively. We also found that CD69+CD103+ CD4 and CD8 TRM cells in chronic AD skin resided in upper dermis prominently compared to normal human skin. Conclusion: These results suggest that significant population of CD69+CD103+ skin TRM cells may play a role in pathogenesis of chronic AD.

The influence of marine algae on iodine speciation in the coastal ocean

Carrano, Mary W.,Yarimizu, Kyoko,Gonzales, Jennifer L.,Cruz-Lopez, Ricardo,Edwards, Matthew S.,Tymon, Teresa M.,Kupper, Frithjof C.,Carrano, Carl J. The Korean Society of Phycology 2020 ALGAE Vol.35 No.2

Iodine exists as a trace element in seawater, with total iodine being generally constant at about 0.45-0.55 μM. Almost all of this iodine occurs in two main forms: iodate and iodide. Iodate is the thermodynamically stable form under normal seawater conditions, and thus should be the only iodine-containing species in the water column. However, iodate concentrations are found to vary considerably, being generally greater at depth and lower at the surface, while iodide concentrations follow the reverse pattern, being anomalously accumulated in the euphotic zone and decreasing with depth. The fact that iodide concentrations follow a depth dependence corresponding to the euphotic zone suggests that biological activity is the source of the reduced iodine. Nonetheless, the nature and source of iodate reduction activity remains controversial. Here, using a combination of field and laboratory studies, we examine some of the questions raised in our and other previous studies, and seek further correlations between changes in iodine speciation and the presence of marine macro- and microalgae. The present results indicate that microalgal growth per se does not seem to be responsible for the reduction of iodate to iodide. However, there is some support for the hypothesis that iodate reduction can occur due to release of cellular reducing agents that accompany cell senescence during phytoplankton bloom declines. In addition, support is given to the concept that macroalgal species such as giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) can take up both iodide and iodate from seawater (albeit on a slower time scale). We propose a mechanism whereby iodate is reduced to iodide at the cell surface by cell surface reductases and is taken up directly as such without reentering the bulk solution.

Assessment of the macroalgal diversity of Kuwait by using the Germling Emergence Method

Amal H. Hajiya Hasan,Dhia A. Al-Bader,Steve Woodward,Csongor Z. Antony,Jared Kok Ong,Akira F. Peters,Frithjof C. Kupper The Korean Society of Phycology 2023 ALGAE Vol.38 No.2

Cryptic stages of diverse macroalgae present in natural substrata, "the bank of microscopic forms", were isolated into clonal cultures and identified based on both morphological characteristics and DNA barcoding. Approximately 120 clonal isolates from 308 natural substratum samples were collected from the entire coastline of Kuwait. Amongst these isolates, 77 (64%) were identified through DNA barcoding using the nuclear ribosomal small subunit, RuBisCO spacer (ITS2, tufa, rbcL, psaA, and psbA) and sequencing. Twenty-six isolates (34%) were identified in the division Chlorophyta, 18 (23%) as Phaeophyceae, and 33 (43%) as Rhodophyta. For all DNA sequences in this study, species-level cut off applied was ≥98% homology which depend entirely on the markers used. Three putative new records of Chlorophyta new for the Arabian Gulf were made: Cladophora laetevirens (Dillwyn) Kützing, Ulva torta (Mertens) Trevisan and Ulvella leptochaete (Huber) R. Nielsen, C. J. O'Kelly & B. Wysor in Nielsen, while Cladophora gracilis Kützing and Ulva ohnoi M. Hiraoka & S. Shimada are new records for Kuwait. For Phaeophyceae, Ectocarpus subulatus Kützing and Elachista stellaris Areschoug were new records for the Gulf and Kuwait. In the Rhodophyta, Acrochaetium secundatum (Lyngbye) Nägeli in Nägeli & Cramer, Ceramium affine Setchell & N. L. Gardner, Gelidium pusillum var. pakistanicum Afaq-Husain & Shameel and Dasya caraibica Børgesen are new records for the Gulf and Kuwait, while the red alga Stylonema alsidii (Zanardini) K. Drew is a new record for Kuwait. Several isolates identified corresponded to genera not previously reported in Kuwait and / or the Arabian Gulf, such as Porphyrostromium Trevisan, a new genus from the Bangiales, and two unidentified species for the Planophilaceae Škaloud & Leliaert. The isolates cultivated from substrata enhance understanding of the marine macroalgal diversity in the region and confirmed that the Germling Emergence Method is suitable for determining the actual diversity of a given study area through isolation from cryptic life-history phases.