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Nature–society linkages in the Aral Sea region
Kristopher D.White 한양대학교 아태지역연구센터 2013 Journal of Eurasian Studies Vol.4 No.1
Central Asia's Aral Sea crisis represents a disaster of monumental proportions, a tragedy for both the region's ecology and its human inhabitants. While the human and natural environments had operated in a sustainable co-joined system for millennia, Tsarist Russian expansion into Central Asia, followed by Soviet expansion of both the cotton industry and unsustainable irrigation practices to anchor it spelled doom for the Aral Sea. Today, many of the political and economic stimuli for such misguided practices continue, as do the continued retreat of the Sea and the proliferation of poor human health. The Aral Sea crisis has received ample scholarly attention, though somewhat surprising is a relative dearth of research explicitly investigating the nature, variety, and directionality of nature–society linkages today within the region. The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the contemporary nature–society linkages operating within the Aral Sea region of Central Asia. Historical nexuses will provide necessary background, and the linkages operating currently within the spheres of regional economy, human health, and political considerations will be detailed. Couching the current crisis within the framework of coupled human–environment system contexts reveals a region in which these linkages are largely inextricable. This paper concludes with a call for a reconsideration of the nature-society linkages and a greater emphasis placed on the local region's ecological and social sustainability.
Explorations of wearable technology for tracking self and others
구수민,Kristopher Fallon 한국의류학회 2018 Fashion and Textiles Vol.5 No.1
The purpose of this research is to explore designs and functions people like to have in wearable trackers and how these differ between novice and experienced users. Interviews were conducted with 20 people, consisted of novice and experienced users living in the US, by asking preferred designs and functions of wearable trackers for oneself and others, preferences on sharing the tracked data, and suggestions in designs and functions of wearables. The data were analyzed qualitatively. It is recommended to make wearable trackers as accessory types that are small, lightweight, and neutral colored. Wearable trackers can offer self-tracking of moods and feelings for novice users and self-track physical activities for experienced users. Novice users are more likely to track others’ physical health and experienced users preferred to track social media posts of others. Experienced users more reluctant to share their data with others than novice users. The results of this research will be helpful for designers, engineers, and marketers in the process of designing wearable technology.
Betsy H. Salazar,Kristopher A. Hoffman,Chuan Zhang,Alex Kavanagh,Timothy B. Boone,Alvaro Munoz 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2017 International Neurourology Journal Vol.21 No.4
Purpose: To simultaneously monitor electrical discharges in various bladder regions and the external urethral sphincter (EUS) during voiding contractions, and to assess the functional role of myogenic modulation of the lower urinary tract (LUT) by ionotropic purinergic receptors containing the P2X3 subunit. Methods: Female Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with urethane, and implanted with a suprapubic catheter for open cystometry. Flexible microelectrodes were placed ventrally in the bladder dome, upper bladder, lower bladder, and bladder base, along with the middle section of the exposed EUS. Intravesical P2X3-containing receptors were blocked with AF-323, a specific P2X3-P2X2/3 receptor antagonist. A digital electrophysiology amplifier was used to record electrical and cystometric signals throughout the LUT. Results: Electrical activity in the LUT started before effective voiding contractions. Bladder pressure and electrical waveforms showed consistent out-of-phase activity when compared with the recordings made at the EUS. This pattern was also observed during voiding contractions in the presence of AF-353, supporting the hypothesis that during bladder distension, activation of P2X3-containing receptors is required for voiding contractions. Furthermore, the inhibition of P2X3-containing receptors significantly decreased the amplitude of electrical signals in the urinary bladder, but not the base or EUS. Conclusions: Our results provide novel information about the regulation of the micturition process by P2X3-containing receptors located in the inner layers of the bladder.
Matheus L. Oliveira,Guilherme M. Tosoni,David H. Lindsey,Kristopher Mendoza,Sotirios Tetradis,Sanjay M. Mallya 대한영상치의학회 2014 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.44 No.4
Purpose: To assess the influence of anatomic location on the relationship between computed tomography (CT) number and X-ray attenuation in limited and medium field-of-view (FOV) scans. Materials and Methods: Tubes containing solutions with different concentrations of K2HPO4 were placed in the tooth sockets of a human head phantom. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were acquired, and CT numbers of the K2HPO4 solutions were measured. The relationship between CT number and K2HPO4 concentration was examined by linear regression analyses. Then, the variation in CT number according to anatomic location was examined. Results: The relationship between K2HPO4 concentration and CT number was strongly linear. The slopes of the linear regressions for the limited FOVs were almost 2-fold lower than those for the medium FOVs. The absolute CT number differed between imaging protocols and anatomic locations. Conclusion: There is a strong linear relationship between X-ray attenuation and CT number. The specific imaging protocol and anatomic location of the object strongly influence this relationship.
Jiang, Xiaoyu,Lu, Xiaoqing,McNamara, George,Liu, Xiaofei,Cubedo, Elena,Sarosiek, Kristopher A.,Sá,nchez-Garcí,a, Isidro,Helfman, David M.,Lossos, Izidore S. American Society of Hematology 2010 Blood Vol.116 No.24
<B>Abstract</B><P>HGAL is a germinal center (GC)-specific gene that negatively regulates lymphocyte motility and whose expression predicts improved survival of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). We demonstrate that HGAL serves as a regulator of the RhoA signaling pathway. HGAL enhances activation of RhoA and its down-stream effectors by a novel mechanism - direct binding to the catalytic DH-domain of the RhoA-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RhoGEFs) PDZ-RhoGEF and LARG that stimulate the GDP-GTP exchange rate of RhoA. We delineate the structural domain of HGAL that mediates its interaction with the PDZ-RhoGEF protein. These observations reveal a novel molecular mechanism underlying the inhibitory effects of GC-specific HGAL protein on the motility of GC-derived lymphoma cells. This mechanism may underlie the limited dissemination and better outcome of patients with HGAL-expressing DLBCL and cHL.</P>
Progressive NKCC1-Dependent Neuronal Chloride Accumulation during Neonatal Seizures.
Dzhala, Volodymyr I,Kuchibhotla, Kishore V,Glykys, Joseph C,Kahle, Kristopher T,Swiercz, Waldemar B,Feng, Guoping,Kuner, Thomas,Augustine, George J,Bacskai, Brian J,Staley, Kevin J The Society 2010 The Journal of neuroscience Vol.30 No.35
<P>Seizures induce excitatory shifts in the reversal potential for GABA(A)-receptor-mediated responses, which may contribute to the intractability of electro-encephalographic seizures and preclude the efficacy of widely used GABAergic anticonvulsants such as phenobarbital. We now report that, in intact hippocampi prepared from neonatal rats and transgenic mice expressing Clomeleon, recurrent seizures progressively increase the intracellular chloride concentration ([Cl(-)](i)) assayed by Clomeleon imaging and invert the net effect of GABA(A) receptor activation from inhibition to excitation assayed by the frequency of action potentials and intracellular Ca(2+) transients. These changes correlate with increasing frequency of seizure-like events and reduction in phenobarbital efficacy. The Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) (NKCC1) cotransporter blocker bumetanide inhibited seizure-induced neuronal Cl(-) accumulation and the consequent facilitation of recurrent seizures. Our results demonstrate a novel mechanism by which seizure activity leads to [Cl(-)](i) accumulation, thereby increasing the probability of subsequent seizures. This provides a potential mechanism for the early crescendo phase of neonatal seizures.</P>
Oliveira, Matheus L.,Tosoni, Guilherme M.,Lindsey, David H.,Mendoza, Kristopher,Tetradis, Sotirios,Mallya, Sanjay M. Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology 2014 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.44 No.4
Purpose: To assess the influence of anatomic location on the relationship between computed tomography (CT) number and X-ray attenuation in limited and medium field-of-view (FOV) scans. Materials and Methods: Tubes containing solutions with different concentrations of $K_2HPO_4$ were placed in the tooth sockets of a human head phantom. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were acquired, and CT numbers of the $K_2HPO_4$ solutions were measured. The relationship between CT number and $K_2HPO_4$ concentration was examined by linear regression analyses. Then, the variation in CT number according to anatomic location was examined. Results: The relationship between $K_2HPO_4$ concentration and CT number was strongly linear. The slopes of the linear regressions for the limited FOVs were almost 2-fold lower than those for the medium FOVs. The absolute CT number differed between imaging protocols and anatomic locations. Conclusion: There is a strong linear relationship between X-ray attenuation and CT number. The specific imaging protocol and anatomic location of the object strongly influence this relationship.