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Kong, Jin-Sun,Yoo, Seung-Ah,Kim, Jung-Wook,Yang, Seung-Pil,Chae, Chi-Bom,Tarallo, Valeria,Falco, Sandro De,Ryu, Sung-Ho,Cho, Chul-Soo,Kim, Wan-Uk Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2010 Vol.62 No.1
<B>Objective</B><P>To delineate the role of neuropilin-1 (NP-1), a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), in rheumatoid inflammation and to determine whether blockade of NP-1 could suppress synoviocyte survival and angiogenesis.</P><B>Methods</B><P>VEGF<SUB>111–165</SUB> peptide, which encompasses the NP-1 binding domain of VEGF<SUB>165</SUB>, was generated by cleaving VEGF<SUB>165</SUB> with plasmin. The effect of this peptide on the interaction between VEGF<SUB>165</SUB> and its receptor was determined by <SUP>125</SUP>I-VEGFR binding assay. Assays to determine synoviocyte apoptosis, adhesion, and migration were performed in the presence of VEGF<SUB>165</SUB> and/or the peptide. VEGF<SUB>165</SUB>-induced angiogenesis was assessed by measuring the proliferation, tube formation, and wounding migration of endothelial cells (ECs). Mice were immunized with type II collagen to induce experimental arthritis.</P><B>Results</B><P>VEGF<SUB>111–165</SUB> peptide specifically inhibited the binding of <SUP>125</SUP>I-VEGF<SUB>165</SUB> to NP-1 on rheumatoid synoviocytes and ECs. The peptide eliminated the VEGF<SUB>165</SUB>-mediated increase in synoviocyte survival and activation of p-ERK and Bcl-2. The peptide also completely inhibited a VEGF<SUB>165</SUB>-induced increase in synoviocyte adhesion and migration. In addition, the anti–NP-1 peptide blocked VEGF<SUB>165</SUB>-stimulated proliferation, capillary tube formation, and wounding migration of ECs in vitro. VEGF<SUB>165</SUB>-induced neovascularization in a Matrigel plug in mice was also blocked by treatment with the peptide. Finally, subcutaneous injection of anti–NP-1 peptide suppressed arthritis severity and autoantibody formation in mice with experimental arthritis and inhibited synoviocyte hyperplasia and angiogenesis in arthritic joints.</P><B>Conclusion</B><P>Anti–NP-1 peptide suppressed VEGF<SUB>165</SUB>-induced increases in synoviocyte survival and angiogenesis, and thereby blocked experimental arthritis. Our findings suggest that anti–NP-1 peptide could be useful in alleviating chronic arthritis.</P>
Recent Advances of Artificial Intelligence in Manufacturing Industrial Sectors: A Review
Sung Wook Kim,Jun Ho Kong,Sang Won Lee,Seungchul Lee 한국정밀공학회 2022 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.23 No.1
The recent advances in artificial intelligence have already begun to penetrate our daily lives. Even though the development is still in its infancy, it has been shown that it can outperform human beings even in terms of intelligence (e.g., AlphaGo by DeepMind), implying a massive potential for its broader application in various industrial sectors. In particular, the growing public interest in industry 4.0, which focuses on revolutionizing the traditional manufacturing scene, has stimulated a deeper investigation of its possible applications in the related industries. Since it has several limitations that hinder its direct usage, research on the convergence of artificial intelligence with other engineering fields, including precision engineering and manufacturing, is ongoing. This overview looks to summarize some of the important achievements made using artificial intelligence in some of the most influential and lucrative manufacturing industries in hopes of transforming the manufacturing sites.
Kong, Won-Ho,Sung, Dong-Kyung,Shim, Yong-Ho,Bae, Ki Hyun,Dubois, Philippe,Park, Tae Gwan,Kim, Jin-Hoon,Seo, Soo-Won Elsevier 2009 Journal of controlled release Vol.138 No.2
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Two different and well-defined methacrylate-based (co)polymers were employed as a polymeric siRNA delivery system. siRNA, poly(2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate) homopolymers (PDMAEMA) and poly(2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate)-<I>b</I>-poly (ethyleneglycol) α-methoxy, ω-methacrylate (PDMAEMA-<I>b</I>-PMAPEG) palm-tree-like copolymer ternary complexes were prepared using a rapid and simple two-step mixing protocol involving noncovalent post-PEGylation, and physicochemical properties including hydrodynamic diameter, zeta-potential and siRNA condensation efficiency were characterized. Transfection efficiency, intracellular uptake, and cytotoxicity of ternary complexes were also evaluated. Ternary complexes provide efficient condensation and compaction of siRNA within the cationic core of complexes. Noncovalent post-PEGylation provides the ternary complexes with enzymatic and serum stability without harming complex formation and condensation of siRNA. Thereby, under an optimal N/P ratio, ternary complexes exhibited brilliant gene silencing efficiency with low cytotoxicity in media containing 10% serum. Confocal microscopy clearly showed efficient and even intracellular uptake of complexes by cells via endocytosis. This study highlights the excellent properties of noncovalent post-PEGylated ternary complexes produced by rapid and simple mixing. Accordingly, these findings suggest that the formation of ternary complexes could be utilized as a safe and effective polymeric siRNA delivery strategy.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P><P>The ternary complexes were efficiently taken up by cells and silenced the target gene expression with low cytotoxicity under conditions involving serum exposure.</P><P>Fx1</P>
Kong, Ho-Youl,Chung, Dae-Sung,Kang, In-Nam,Lim, Eun-Hee,Jung, Young-Kwan,Park, Jong-Hwa,Park, Chan-Eon,Shim, Hong-Ku Korean Chemical Society 2007 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.28 No.11
Two fluorene-based conjugated copolymers containing hexyl-thiophene derivatives, PF-1T and PF-4T, were synthesized via the palladium-catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction. The number-average molecular weights (Mn) of PF-1T and PF-4T were found to be 19,100 and 13,200, respectively. These polymers were soluble in common organic solvents such as chloroform, chlorobenzene, toluene, etc. The UV-vis absorption maximum peaks of PF-1T and PF-4T in the film state were found to be 410 nm and 431 nm, respectively. Electrochemical characterization revealed that these polymers have low highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels, indicating good resistance against oxidative doping. Thin film transistor devices were fabricated using the top contact geometry. PF-1T showed much better thin-film transistor performance than PF-4T. A thin film of PF- 1T gave a saturation mobility of 0.001-0.003 cm2 V?1 s?1, an on/off ratio of 1.0 × 105, and a small threshold voltage of ?8.3 V. To support TFT performance, we carried out DSC, AFM, and XRD measurements.
Ozone Kinetics and Diesel Decomposition by Ozonation in Groundwater
Kong, Sung-Ho,Kwon, Choong-Il,Kim, Moo-Hoon 한국화학공학회 2003 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.20 No.2
The ozone kinetics (ozone auto-decomposition; effects of pH and solubility) and diesel/TCE/PCE decomposition (effects of hydroxyl radical scavenger, pH, and ozone/H_2O_2) by ozonation process were investigated in aqueous phase using deionized water, simulated groundwater, and actual groundwater. Reactions with deionized water and groundwater both showed the second-order reaction rates; the reaction rate was much higher in groundwater(half-life of 14.7 min) than in deionized water(half-life of 37.5 min). It was accelerated at high pH condition in both waters. The use of ozone showed high oxidation rates of TCE, PCE, and diesel. Hydroxyl radical scavengers acted as inhibitors for diesel decomposition, and high pH condition and addition of hydrogen peroxide could promote to degrade diesel in groundwater indicating ozone oxidation process could be effectively applied to treating diesel contaminated-groundwater.