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Lee, JooBuom,Lee, Kyungsun,Choe, Keunbum,Jung, Hyunseob,Cho, Hyunseok,Choi, Kiseok,Kim, Taegon,Kim, Seojin,Lee, Hyeong-Seok,Cha, Mi-Jin,Song, Si-Whan,Lee, Chul Kyu,Chun, Gie-Taek Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2015 Toxicological Research Vol.31 No.4
TS-DP2 is a recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) manufactured by TS Corporation. We conducted a four-week study of TS-DP2 (test article) in repeated intravenous doses in male and female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Lenograstim was used as a reference article and was administered intravenously at a dose of $1000{\mu}g/kg/day$. Rats received TS-DP2 intravenously at doses of 250, 500, and $1000{\mu}g/kg/day$ once daily for 4 weeks, and evaluated following a 2-week recovery period. Edema in the hind limbs and loss of mean body weight and body weight gain were observed in both the highest dose group of TS-DP2 and the lenograstim group in male rats. Fibro-osseous lesions were observed in the lenograstim group in both sexes, and at all groups of TS-DP2 in males, and at doses of TS-DP2 $500{\mu}g/kg/day$ and higher in females. The lesion was considered a toxicological change. Therefore, bone is the primary toxicological target of TS-DP2. The lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) in males was $250{\mu}g/kg/day$, and no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) in females was $250{\mu}g/kg/day$ in this study. In the toxicokinetic study, the serum concentrations of G-CSF were maintained until 8 hr after administration. The systemic exposures ($AUC_{0-24h}$ and $C_0$) were not markedly different between male and female rats, between the administration periods, or between TS-DP2 and lenograstim. In conclusion, TS-DP2 shows toxicological similarity to lenograstim over 4-weeks of repeated doses in rats.
JooBuom Lee,Kyungsun Lee,Keunbum Choe,Hyunseob Jung,Hyunseok Cho,Kiseok Choi,Taegon Kim,Seojin Kim,Hyeong-Seok Lee,Mi-Jin Cha,Si-Whan Song,Chul Kyu Lee,Gie-Taek Chun 한국독성학회 2015 Toxicological Research Vol.31 No.4
TS-DP2 is a recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) manufactured by TS Corporation. We conducted a four-week study of TS-DP2 (test article) in repeated intravenous doses in male and female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Lenograstim was used as a reference article and was administered intravenously at a dose of 1000 μg/kg/day. Rats received TS-DP2 intravenously at doses of 250, 500, and 1000 μg/kg/day once daily for 4 weeks, and evaluated following a 2-week recovery period. Edema in the hind limbs and loss of mean body weight and body weight gain were observed in both the highest dose group of TS-DP2 and the lenograstim group in male rats. Fibro-osseous lesions were observed in the lenograstim group in both sexes, and at all groups of TS-DP2 in males, and at doses of TS-DP2 500 μg/kg/day and higher in females. The lesion was considered a toxicological change. Therefore, bone is the primary toxicological target of TS-DP2. The lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) in males was 250 μg/kg/day, and no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) in females was 250 μg/kg/day in this study. In the toxicokinetic study, the serum concentrations of G-CSF were maintained until 8 hr after administration. The systemic exposures (AUC0-24h and C0) were not markedly different between male and female rats, between the administration periods, or between TS-DP2 and lenograstim. In conclusion, TS-DP2 shows toxicological similarity to lenograstim over 4-weeks of repeated doses in rats.
Kiseok Lee,Tan Li,Sanghyeon Baeg 대한전자공학회 2019 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.19 No.4
In this paper, I/O timing margins are experimentally measured by DQS groups, for a DDR4 RDIMM with 2133 Mbps data rate, to study the margin effects of the special combination and sequence of random and fault-based deterministic data patterns. The most effective 94 data patterns are newly developed after experimentally investigating three test patterns factors, which consist of test algorithms, address directions, and data patterns; the most influential factor was data patterns, which resulted in the average margin reduction of 15.2%. The maximum of 11.8% margin was reduced by the proposed 94 patterns (in comparison to 28-bit PRBS pattern), which was from both selected PRBS and fault-based deterministic data patterns.
Amino-acid- and peptide-directed synthesis of chiral plasmonic gold nanoparticles
Lee, Hye-Eun,Ahn, Hyo-Yong,Mun, Jungho,Lee, Yoon Young,Kim, Minkyung,Cho, Nam Heon,Chang, Kiseok,Kim, Wook Sung,Rho, Junsuk,Nam, Ki Tae Nature Publishing Group UK 2018 Nature Vol.556 No.7701
<P>Understanding chirality, or handedness, in molecules is important because of the enantioselectivity that is observed in many biochemical reactions(1), and because of the recent development of chiral metamaterials with exceptional light-manipulating capabilities, such as polarization control(2-4), a negative refractive index(5) and chiral sensing(6). Chiral nanostructures have been produced using nanofabrication techniques such as lithography(7) and molecular self-assembly(8-11), but large-scale and simple fabrication methods for three-dimensional chiral structures remain a challenge. In this regard, chirality transfer represents a simpler and more efficient method for controlling chiral morphology(12-18). Although a few studies(18,19) have described the transfer of molecular chirality into micrometre-sized helical ceramic crystals, this technique has yet to be implemented for metal nanoparticles with sizes of hundreds of nanometres. Here we develop a strategy for synthesizing chiral gold nanoparticles that involves using amino acids and peptides to control the optical activity, handedness and chiral plasmonic resonance of the nanoparticles. The key requirement for achieving such chiral structures is the formation of high-Miller-index surfaces ({hkl}, h not equal k not equal l not equal 0) that are intrinsically chiral, owing to the presence of 'kink' sites(20-22) in the nanoparticles during growth. The presence of chiral components at the inorganic surface of the nanoparticles and in the amino acids and peptides results in enantioselective interactions at the interface between these elements; these interactions lead to asymmetric evolution of the nanoparticles and the formation of helicoid morphologies that consist of highly twisted chiral elements. The gold nanoparticles that we grow display strong chiral plasmonic optical activity (a dissymmetry factor of 0.2), even when dispersed randomly in solution; this observation is supported by theoretical calculations and direct visualizations of macroscopic colour transformations. We anticipate that our strategy will aid in the rational design and fabrication of three-dimensional chiral nanostructures for use in plasmonic metamaterial applications.</P>
Utility Stock Returns,Standardized Oil Price Shocks and the Rationality of the Stock Market
Lee, Kiseok 경희경제연구소 1998 經濟硏究 Vol.14 No.1
This paper investigates the stock market rationality using real return on three utility indices. The stock market is rational if it reacts to oil price shocks only to extent that the shocks affect current and future cash flows and/or changes in expected retuns. The empirical results suggest that the stock market overreacts to oil price shocks, especially to standardized oil price shocks. Real returns on an electric utility index provide strong evidence against the stock market rationality, but real returns on gas and telephone utility indices do not.
Does monetary policy induce demand shocks?
Lee, Kiseok 慶熙大學校附設慶熙經濟硏究所 1997 經濟硏究 Vol.13 No.1
This paper identifies demand and supply driven movements in GNP growth and inflation based on the traditional interpretation of macroeconomic fluctuations. If innovations in GNP growth and inflation have the same (opposite) sigh, the are identified as demand (supply) driven. The identified demand and supply driven components are then used to examine the extent to which a set of five monetary policy indicators predicts demand and supply driven movements. The results suggest that over a one-year horison, the monetary base predict demand driven, but not supply driven, movements in GNP growth, shile an interest rate spread, the Federa funds rate, and the mix variable predict both demand and supply driven movements, Over a two-year horizon, the mix variable predict (at ten percent) only supply driven GNP growth. THus, the results indicate that monetary policy has short-term effects, and the spread and the funds rate do not represent exclusively the stance of monetary policy.
An Empirical Analysis of the Effects of Demand and Supply Shocks on GNP Growth
Lee, Kiseok 慶熙大學校 1998 論文集 Vol.27 No.-
본 논문은 통화량의 증감과 인플레이션이 GNP 성장률에 미치는 영향을 3원방정식을 이용하여 구축한 자연율 모형을 사용하여 연구하였다. 주파수 분해 방식을 이용하여 인플레이션 혁신 중 수요와 공급에 의한 것을 가려내었다. 본 논문의 주된 결론은 1) 기대치 않은 통화량의 증가분 중 2년, 혹은 그이상의 주기를 갖는 것이 가장 중요한 수요충격이며, 장기 인플레이션 혁신은 상당히 중요한 공급충격임이 확인 됐다; 2) 인플레이션은 전적으로 통화량의 증가에 기인한다는 균형모형은 입증되지 않았다. 3) 본 논문에서 얻은 결과는 통화수량이론을 54:1-79:3 기간동안에는 잘 뒷받침하나 1980년 이후에는 뒷받침하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 4) 미리 알려진 미래 통화량의 증감은 실물경제에 아무런 영향을 미치지 않으므로 화폐가 중립적이라는 사실을 입증했다.