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NUMERICAL MODELS FOR LONG WAVES IN A HARBOUR
Wataru Kioka 한국해안해양공학회 1999 학술강연회 발표논문초록집 Vol.2 No.1
Numerical wave models have been developed for estimating long waves in harbours. The numerical model is based on a time domain solution of Boussinesq equation proposed by Nwogu(1993) with an additional Forchheimer resistance term in the momentum equation to account for the reflection characteristics of permeable breakwaters in the field. The validity of Boussinesq equation model is evaluated through comparisons with the field measurements obtained in Yui Fishery Harbour. An alternative model based on the radiation stress is also presented, which can be applied to relatively large harbours. This model is based on commonly used long wave equations with the driving forces defined as the gradients of radiation stresses. Field validation of the model for Kashima Port is discussed. It is shown that the numerical models predict well the low-frequency oscillations inside harbours induced by incident wave groups.
Carbon Nano Materials Produced by Using Arc Discharge in Foam
Yong-Il Kim,Eiichi Nishikawa,Toshihide Kioka 한국물리학회 2009 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.54 No.3
Nano materials are very important materials because they have a possibility of a large number of applications not only in electric devices but also in pharmaceutical processes. If these nano materials are to be applied to practical devices and processes, a simple synthesis method of the nano material is of significant importance. In this paper, we report the first successful synthesis of several types of nano materials the synthesis was achieved by using a simple method of an arc discharge in foam. From the transmission electron microscopy observation, multi-walled nano tubes, capsule materials and materials with cabbage-shaped cross sections were often found. Furthermore, through this simple method, arc discharge in foam, several types of nano materials could be easily collected on the surface on the foam. Nano materials are very important materials because they have a possibility of a large number of applications not only in electric devices but also in pharmaceutical processes. If these nano materials are to be applied to practical devices and processes, a simple synthesis method of the nano material is of significant importance. In this paper, we report the first successful synthesis of several types of nano materials the synthesis was achieved by using a simple method of an arc discharge in foam. From the transmission electron microscopy observation, multi-walled nano tubes, capsule materials and materials with cabbage-shaped cross sections were often found. Furthermore, through this simple method, arc discharge in foam, several types of nano materials could be easily collected on the surface on the foam.
Kim, Sun Jung,Shen, Jay,Ko, Eunjeong,Kim, Pearl,Lee, Yong-Jae,Lee, Jae Hoon,Liu, Xibei,Ukken, Johnson,Kioka, Mutsumi,Yoo, Ji Won Korean Society for Hospice and Palliative Care 2018 한국호스피스.완화의료학회지 Vol.21 No.1
목적: 미국 병원에서 만성폐색성폐질환으로 사망하는 환자의 연명치료 및 완화의료에 대한 연구는 부족한 현실이다. 이 연구에서는 병원의 의료비 추세 및 완화의료 이용 및 연명치료 이용과의 관련성을 파악하고자 하였다. 방법: 이 연구는 2005~2014년 미국 입원환자 샘플(National Inpatient Sample, NIS)을 후향적 코호트 디자인으로 전환하였으며, ICD-9-CM (International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision) 코드를 활용하여 완화의료 및 집중치료(전신지지치료, 호흡기치료, 호흡기 수술)를 받은 환자를 구분하였다. 결과: 연평균성장률(Compound Annual Growth Rates, CAGR)을 활용하여 병원 의료비의 시계열변화를 확인하였으며, 다수준 다변량 회귀분석을 통해 병원의 의료비에 영향을 미치는 요소를 파악하였다. 전체 77,394,755 입원 건 중 79,314명의 환자가 최종 분석에 사용되었다. 병원 의료비는 연평균성장률이 5.83% (P<0.001)였으며, 전신지지치료와 완화의료의 연평균성장률은 각각 5.98%와 19.89% 였다(모두, P<0.001). 전신지지치료, 호흡기 치료, 호흡기 수술은 각각 59.04%, 72.00%, 55.26%의 병원 의료비 상승에 영향을(모두, P<0.001) 주었던 반면 완화의료는 28.71%의 병원 의료비 감소에 영향을 주었다(P<0.001). 결론: 미국에서 만성폐색성폐질환으로 사망하는 환자 중 전신지지 치료는 병원 의료비 상승의 주된 원인인 반면 완화의료 이용은 비용절감에 영향이 있는 것으로 파악되었다. Purpose: Little is known regarding the extent to which dying patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) receive life-sustaining procedures and palliative care in U.S. hospitals. We examine hospital cost trends and the impact of palliative care utilization on the use of life-sustaining procedures in this population. Methods: Retrospective nationwide cohort analysis was performed using National Inpatient Sample (NIS) data from 2005 and 2014. We examined the receipt of both palliative care and intensive medical procedures, defined as systemic procedures, pulmonary procedures, or surgeries using the International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision (ICD-9-CM). Results: We used compound annual growth rates (CAGR) to determine temporal trends and multilevel multivariate regressions to identify factors associated with hospital cost. Among 77,394,755 hospitalizations, 79,314 patients were examined. The CAGR of hospital cost was 5.83% (P<0.001). The CAGRs of systemic procedures and palliative care were 5.98% and 19.89% respectively (each P<0.001). Systemic procedures, pulmonary procedures, and surgeries were associated with increased hospital cost by 59.04%, 72.00%, 55.26%, respectively (each P<0.001). Palliative care was associated with decreased hospital cost by 28.71% (P<0.001). Conclusion: The volume of systemic procedures is the biggest driver of cost increase although there is a cost-saving effect from greater palliative care utilization.
김선정,Ji Won Yoo,Jay Shen,Eunjeong Ko,Pearl Kim,Yong-Jae Lee,Jae Hoon Lee,Xibei Liu,Johnson Ukken,Mutsumi Kioka 한국호스피스완화의료학회 2018 한국호스피스.완화의료학회지 Vol.21 No.1
Purpose: Little is known regarding the extent to which dying patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) receive life-sustaining procedures and palliative care in U.S. hospitals. We examine hospital cost trends and the impact of palliative care utilization on the use of life-sustaining procedures in this population. Methods: Retrospective nationwide cohort analysis was performed using National Inpatient Sample (NIS) data from 2005 and 2014. We examined the receipt of both palliative care and intensive medical procedures, defined as systemic procedures, pulmonary procedures, or surgeries using the International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision (ICD-9-CM). Results: We used compound annual growth rates (CAGR) to determine temporal trends and multilevel multivariate regressions to identify factors associated with hospital cost. Among 77,394,755 hospitalizations, 79,314 patients were examined. The CAGR of hospital cost was 5.83% (P<0.001). The CAGRs of systemic procedures and palliative care were 5.98% and 19.89% respectively (each P<0.001). Systemic procedures, pulmonary procedures, and surgeries were associated with increased hospital cost by 59.04%, 72.00%, 55.26%, respectively (each P<0.001). Palliative care was associated with decreased hospital cost by 28.71% (P<0.001). Conclusion: The volume of systemic procedures is the biggest driver of cost increase although there is a cost-saving effect from greater palliative care utilization.