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A Study on the Efficient TICC(Time Interval Clustering Control) Algorithm for MANET
Youngsam Kim,Kyoungmin Doo,Samhyeon Chi,Kangwhan Lee 대한전자공학회 2008 ICEIC:International Conference on Electronics, Inf Vol.1 No.1
A MANET(Mobile Ad-hoc Network) is a multi-hop routing protocol formed by a collection without the intervention of infrastructure. So the MANET also depended on the property as like variable energy, high degree of mobility, location environments of nodes etc. In recently years, the various clustering technique and routing algorithm would have proposed for improving the energy efficiency. One of the popular approach methods, It could make a cluster-based routing algorithm using in MANET. However, the proposed clustering method results remain the problems in high energy consumption on the cluster head node management. To solve the problems, many routing scheme have been presented to provide that Dynamic clustering is a method of resolving such a problem by distributing energy consumption through the re-selected head node [1][5]. But the proposed dynamic clustering has a problem when cluster head node is re-selected for energy consumption. These proposed an algorithm were presented about composition of cluster that was being node clustering algorithm process. However, it could not provide a solution that is also improving energy efficiency and making energy consumption to reduce through reconstruction of cluster. So, in this paper, we propose an algorithm techniques which is TICC (Time Interval Clustering Control) based on energy value in property of each node for solving cluster problem. It provides improving cluster energy efficiency how can being node manage to order each node's energy level. TICC is clustering method. It has shown that Node's energy efficiency and life time are improved in MANET.
Reference values for selected dry eye tests in normal Beagle dogs: a pilot study
Youngsam Kim,Seonmi Kang,Sunhyo Kim,Jaeho Shim,Seokmin Go,Kangmoon Seo 대한수의학회 2022 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.23 No.1
Background: Dry eye disease (DED) cannot be diagnosed by a single test because it is a multifactorial disorder of the ocular surface. Although studies on various dry eye tests (DETs) in dogs have been reported, standard criteria have not been established except for the Schirmer tear test 1 (STT-1). Objectives: To establish reference values for DETs in dogs with normal STT-1 values (≥ 15 mm/min) and to analyze the correlation between DETs. Methods: The STT-1 was performed in 10 healthy Beagle dogs (20 eyes). After 20 min, interferometry (IF) for estimating the lipid layer thickness (LLT) of the tear film, tear meniscus height (TMH), non-invasive tear breakup time (NIBUT), and meibomian gland loss rate of the upper eyelid (MGLRU) and lower eyelid (MGLRL), were measured using an ocular surface analyzer. Results: Mean values for STT-1, TMH, and NIBUT were as follows: 21.7 ± 3.4 mm/min, 0.41 ± 0.21 mm, and 19.1 ± 9.5 sec, respectively. The most frequent LLT range, measured by IF, was 30–80 nm (11 eyes), followed by 80 nm (5 eyes) and 80–140 nm (4 eyes). MGLRU ≤ 25% was measured in 11 eyes and 26%–50% in 9 eyes; MGLRL ≤ 25% in 8 eyes and 26%–50% in 12 eyes. Besides positive correlation between TMH and NIBUT (P = 0.038), there were no significant associations between DETs. Conclusions: Data obtained in this study provided normative references that could be useful for diagnosing DED and for further research into correlation between DETs in dogs with DED.
Kim, Youngsam,Jun, Taehong,Mulay, Sandip V.,Manjare, Sudesh T.,Kwak, Jinseong,Lee, Yunho,Churchill, David G. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Dalton Transactions Vol.46 No.12
<▼1><P>A reversible fluorescent OFF–ON system displaying a novel <I>intramolecular</I> π–π interaction has been discovered and exploited for hypochlorite chemosensing.</P></▼1><▼2><P>A new BODIPY system displaying an intramolecular π–π-interaction was synthesized and studied. When the selenium center was oxidized, the substituted phenyl group undergoes π–π stacking with one side of the BODIPY core. The oxidized form showed, not only a down-field shift in the NMR peak, but also splitting due to geometrical changes that arise when going from <I>C</I>s to <I>C</I>1. The compound was characterized by X-ray diffraction; DFT methods helped elucidate the influence of the unexpected π–π stack and its connection to the photophysical properties imparted by the Se oxidation.</P></▼2>
Kim, Youngsam,Jang, Yoon Jeong,Lee, Dongyoul,Kim, Byung-Sup,Churchill, David G. Elsevier 2017 Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical Vol.238 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Herein, a chemical probe is tested with live agents for the purpose of benchmarking fluorescent pyridyl-containing systems with actual nerve agents and simulants together. The molecule showed selective fluorogenic and colorimetric detection of Soman (GD) and its simulant over other G-series nerve agents and their simulants. <SUP>1</SUP>H and <SUP>31</SUP>P NMR spectroscopy and TD-DFT calculations help reveal the origin of the colorimetric and fluorogenic changes in the reacted system.</P>
Finding Sentiment Dimension in Vector Space of Movie Reviews: An Unsupervised Approach
( Youngsam Kim ),( Hyopil Shin ) 서울대학교 인지과학연구소 2017 Journal of Cognitive Science Vol.18 No.1
This study suggests an unsupervised method to find sentiment orienations of the words in Korean movie reviews. The orientations are represented as real values on a sentiment domain, which is derived from high-dimensional vector space for the movie reviews. To search for the dimension, the Pointwise Mutual Information is first used to select a set of words that are close to common modifiers; The phrases comprised of these words often form good/ bad associations (e.g., “good acting”, “terrible acting”). A neural language model (Word2Vec) is then used to calculate the point-wise similarity distances between the chosen words and, dimensionality reduction algorithms (e.g., PCA, MDS) are employed to find the axis of the sentiment orientations. Finally, the performance of our method is measured by unsupervised classification of the two movie reviews based on the orientation values. According to the results, the best accuracy achieves 66% and 76% for the two datasets.
Youngsam Kim 대한수의학회 2023 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.24 No.2
Background: The association between vitamin D and canine keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) has not been investigated in dogs. Objectives: To investigate the association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations with Schirmer tear test 1 (STT-1) and tear film breakup time (TFBUT) in dogs. Methods: Sixty-one clinically healthy, client-owned dogs were enrolled. STT-1 and TFBUT were measured in 122 (61dogs) and 82 (41 dogs out of total 61 dogs) eyes, respectively. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were evaluated by quantitative chemiluminescent immunoassay. The dogs were classified into 6 groups according to the evaluations (STT-1: group 1, normal [≥ 15 mm/min] in both eyes; group 2, normal in one eye and abnormal [< 15 mm/min] in the fellow eye; group 3, abnormal in both eyes; TFBUT: group 4, normal [≥ 20 sec] in both eyes; group 5, normal in one eye and abnormal [< 20 sec] in the fellow eye; group 6, abnormal in both eyes). Results: STT-1 was positively correlated with TFBUT (p < 0.001). Among the STT-1 groups, the mean serum 25(OH)D concentration in group 1 was significantly higher than in groups 2 and 3 with positive correlation (p < 0.001). However, there were no significant differences among the TFBUT groups 4, 5, and 6. Conclusions: In dogs, it was found that serum 25(OH)D concentrations had a greater effect on quantitative KCS than qualitative KCS. Therefore, it is considered that measurement of serum 25(OH)D concentration could be included in the diagnostic tests in canine quantitative KCS patients.
Youngsam Kim 대한수의학회 2021 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.22 No.2
A 7-month-old intact female Persian cat was diagnosed with symblepharon accompanied by epiphora, brownish ocular discharge, and ocular discomfort in the left eye. Superficial keratectomy (SK) was performed to remove adhesions between the conjunctiva and cornea. To prevent re-adhesion after SK, the detached conjunctival tissue was sutured to the corneal limbus, and a soft contact lens (SCL) was inserted and a partial temporary tarsorrhaphy was performed. The SCL and tarsorrhaphy sutures were maintained for 22 days, and symblepharon did not recur 347 days postoperatively. SK combined with SCL is a relatively easy and cost-effective surgical option for feline symblepharon.
Soft‐wall ion transfer channel accurately predicts sterically hindered ion channel permeability
Kim Youngsam,Song Suhwan,Kim Min‐Cheol,Sim Eunji 대한화학회 2022 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.43 No.4
We provide a simple and systematic computational model to study ion channel permeability using density functional theory. While existing permeability models with a hard-wall steric hindrance factor work reasonably well for large ions, they severely inhibit the permeation of small ions through channel pores. Here, by introducing a steric hindrance factor that allows pore expansion due to intrinsically soft ion transfer channel walls, the new permeability model accurately describes the effect of steric hindrance stemming from the soft and flexible ion channel wall. Most importantly, the soft-wall ion transfer channel model works for a wide range of ionic radii from fluoride to gluconate. In addition, we show that strong local electrostatic interaction between densely charged ions such as fluoride and bicarbonate and ion channels with ion binding sites significantly promotes the permeation processes.
Kim, Youngsam,Kang, Seonmi,Nam, Sunhwa,Yun, Seongjin,Seo, Kangmoon The Korean Society of Veterinary Science 2020 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.60 No.4
A 15-year-old, spayed, female American shorthair cat presented with recurrent corneal sequestrum in the right eye. The cat had undergone superficial keratectomy twice for corneal sequestrum treatment 5 and 11 months previously. Two layers of porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS; Vetrix BioSIS®) were applied to the surgical corneal defect after keratectomy. Thereafter, clinical signs, such as lacrimation, blepharospasm, and corneal ulcer, disappeared 50 days postoperatively. Moreover, the application of SIS with keratectomy prevented recurrence until 651 days after surgery. SIS could be applied as an additional bioscaffold for surgical repair of corneal sequestrum recurring after superficial keratectomy alone in cats.
Influence of Glycogen on the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells
Youngsam Jung(정영삼),Chunghee Kwak(곽정희),Youngbin Oh(오영빈),Yousub Bang(방유섭),Seowang Park(박서왕),Inhyeok Jeong(정인혁),Jaehyuk Lee(이재혁),Younghun Kim(김영훈),Seokhyeon Hong(홍석현),Taehyun Kim(김태현),Uiseok You(유의석),Seo 한국신재생에너지학회 2013 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.05