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Kim, Kook Hwan,Jeong, Yeon Taek,Oh, Hyunhee,Kim, Seong Hun,Cho, Jae Min,Kim, Yo-Na,Kim, Su Sung,Kim, Do Hoon,Hur, Kyu Yeon,Kim, Hyoung Kyu,Ko, TaeHee,Han, Jin,Kim, Hong Lim,Kim, Jin,Back, Sung Hoon,Ko Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2013 Nature medicine Vol.19 No.1
Despite growing interest and a recent surge in papers, the role of autophagy in glucose and lipid metabolism is unclear. We produced mice with skeletal muscle–specific deletion of Atg7 (encoding autophagy-related 7). Unexpectedly, these mice showed decreased fat mass and were protected from diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance; this phenotype was accompanied by increased fatty acid oxidation and browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) owing to induction of fibroblast growth factor 21 (Fgf21). Mitochondrial dysfunction induced by autophagy deficiency increased Fgf21 expression through induction of Atf4, a master regulator of the integrated stress response. Mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibitors also induced Fgf21 in an Atf4-dependent manner. We also observed induction of Fgf21, resistance to diet-induced obesity and amelioration of insulin resistance in mice with autophagy deficiency in the liver, another insulin target tissue. These findings suggest that autophagy deficiency and subsequent mitochondrial dysfunction promote Fgf21 expression, a hormone we consequently term a 'mitokine', and together these processes promote protection from diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance.
Kim Taehee,Choi Hayoung,Kim Sang Hyuk,Yang Bumhee,Han Kyungdo,Jung Jin-Hyung,Kim Bo-Guen,Park Dong Won,Moon Ji Yong,Kim Sang-Heon,Kim Tae-Hyung,Yoon Ho Joo,Shin Dong Wook,Lee Hyun 대한의학회 2024 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.39 No.11
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) survivors have an increased risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study assessed the risk of COPD development and COPD-related hospitalization in TB survivors compared to controls. Methods: We conducted a population-based cohort study of TB survivors and 1:1 age- and sex-matched controls using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database collected from 2010 to 2017. We compared the risk of COPD development and COPD-related hospitalization between TB survivors and controls. Results: Of the subjects, 9.6% developed COPD, and 2.8% experienced COPD-related hospitalization. TB survivors had significantly higher COPD incidence rates (36.7/1,000 vs. 18.8/1,000 person-years, P < 0.001) and COPD-related hospitalization (10.7/1,000 vs. 4.3/1,000 person-years, P < 0.001) than controls. Multivariable Cox regression analyses revealed higher risks of COPD development (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.54–1.73) and COPD-related hospitalization (aHR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.81–2.27) in TB survivors. Among those who developed COPD, the hospitalization rate was higher in individuals with post-TB COPD compared to those with non-TB COPD (10.7/1,000 vs. 4.9/1,000 person-years, P < 0.001), showing an increased risk of COPD-related hospitalization (aHR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.17–2.92). Conclusion: TB survivors had higher risks of incident COPD and COPD-related hospitalization compared to controls. These results suggest that previous TB is an important COPD etiology associated with COPD-related hospitalization.
Corn Silk Extract Prevents Carrageenan-Induced Inflammatory Edema
Kim Yonghwan,Han Na Choi,Kim Taehee,Kim Su Jin,Kim Yuna,Kim Jin Soo,Lee Sang-Hoon,Goo Young-Tae,Kim Dong Woon,Do Lee Sang 건강기능식품미래포럼 2022 건강기능식품미래포럼 학술지 Vol.2 No.1
Corn silk extract (CSE) has been used as a traditional medicine for edema, cystitis, gout, kidney stones, nephritis, and prostatitis. Although CSE has been shown to be effective against oxidative stress and diabetes, the effects of CSE on peripheral edema are unclear. Therefore, in this study, the effects of CSE on carrageenan-induced peripheral edema in the hind paw of mice were examined. CSE administered orally for a week suppressed the formation of edema and inhibited the swelling of epidermis and the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the dermis. To explore the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory action, CSE was tested on the adhesion between monocytes and endothelial cells using THP-1 cells (a monocyte cell line) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). CSE inhibited the adhesion only when THP-1 cells were treated with CSE but not HUVECs. This finding suggests that CSE possibly influences the expressions of the membrane proteins of the monocyte involved in the adhesion with endothelial cells. Thus, CSE was treated for 24 hours and the expressions of CD11a, CD11b, CD18, CD49d and CD162 using its respective antibody and flowcytometry. Of these proteins, CD162, also known as P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1), was shown to be reduced in its expression. PSGL-1 is known to be required for the binding of inflammatory cells to intercellular adhesion molecules of endothelial cells. In conclusion, CSE may suppress inflammatory edema by inhibiting the binding of inflammatory cells to the vascular endothelium.
Splittings of von Neumann rho-invariants of knots
Kim, Se-Goo,Kim, Taehee Oxford University Press 2014 Journal of the London Mathematical Society Vol.89 No.3
<P>We give a sufficient condition under which the vanishing property of Cochran–Orr–Teichner knot concordance obstructions splits under connected sum. The condition is described in terms of self-annihilating submodules with respect to higher-order Blanchfield linking forms. This extends the results of Levine and the authors on distinguishing knots with coprime Alexander polynomials up to concordance. As an application, we show that the knots constructed by Cochran, Orr and Teichner as the first examples of nonslice knots with vanishing Casson–Gordon invariants are not concordant to any knots of genus one. This gives the first examples of concordance genus two knots with vanishing Casson–Gordon invariants.</P>
Effect of laser intensity on the apparent isotope patterns of heme and peptide ions in MALDI-TOF MS
Kim, Taehee,Lee, Jihyeon,Kim, Jeongkwon Elsevier 2015 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY Vol.376 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The apparent isotope patterns of heme ions and tryptically digested peptide ions in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectra (MS) were systematically investigated as a function of laser intensity. Two standard proteins, myoglobin and cytochrome c, were tryptically digested to provide heme b and heme c ions, respectively, along with several peptides. MALDI mass spectra of these materials, co-deposited with one of two matrix materials, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid or α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA), were then generated using various laser intensities. For most peptides, the relative abundance of the second isotopic peak (SIP) to that of the monoisotopic peak was similar to the theoretical relative abundances. Regardless of laser intensity, the experimental SIP abundances of heme ions were consistently higher than the theoretical SIP abundances, which is due to the overlap of isobaric species. A gradual increase in the relative SIP abundance of the heme c ion was observed within a certain laser intensity range when the CHCA matrix was used with higher loadings (80pmol) of tryptically digested cytochrome c, which is likely due to saturation of the MALDI-TOF MS detector.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Isotopic distributions of heme and peptide ions in MALDI-MS analysis were comprehensively investigated as a function of laser intensity. </LI> <LI> For most peptides, the relative abundance of the second isotopic peak was similar to the theoretical relative abundances. </LI> <LI> The experimental abundances of the second isotopic peak of heme ions were consistently higher than the theoretical abundances, due to the overlap of isobaric species. </LI> <LI> Saturation of the MALDI-TOF MS detector was observed in a certain laser intensity range with higher loadings (80pmol) of tryptically digested cytochrome c using the CHCA matrix. </LI> </UL> </P>
Kim, Eunjoo,Lee, Taehee,Kim, Hyungmin,Jung, Won-Jin,Han, Doug-Young,Baik, Hionsuck,Choi, Nakwon,Choi, Jungkyu American Chemical Society 2014 Environmental science & technology Vol.48 No.24
<P>Chabazite (CHA) zeolites with a pore size of 0.37 × 0.42 nm<SUP>2</SUP> are expected to separate CO<SUB>2</SUB> (0.33 nm) from larger N<SUB>2</SUB> (0.364 nm) in postcombustion flue gases by recognizing their minute size differences. Furthermore, the hydrophobic siliceous constituent in CHA membranes can allow for maintaining the CO<SUB>2</SUB>/N<SUB>2</SUB> separation performance in the presence of H<SUB>2</SUB>O in contrast with the CO<SUB>2</SUB> affinity-based membranes. In an attempt to increase the molecular sieving ability, the pore mouth size of all silica CHA (Si-CHA) particles was reduced via the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of a silica precursor (tetraethyl orthosilicate). Accordingly, an increase of the CVD treatment duration decreased the penetration rate of CO<SUB>2</SUB> into the CVD-treated Si-CHA particles. Furthermore, the CVD process was applied to siliceous CHA membranes in order to improve their CO<SUB>2</SUB>/N<SUB>2</SUB> separation performance. Compared to the intact CHA membranes, the CO<SUB>2</SUB>/N<SUB>2</SUB> maximum separation factor (max SF) for CVD-treated CHA membranes was increased by ∼2 fold under dry conditions. More desirably, the CO<SUB>2</SUB>/N<SUB>2</SUB> max SF was increased by ∼3 fold under wet conditions at ∼50 °C, a representative temperature of the flue gas stream. In fact, the presence of H<SUB>2</SUB>O in the feed disfavored the permeation of N<SUB>2</SUB> more than that of CO<SUB>2</SUB> through CVD-modified CHA membranes and thus, contributed to the increased CO<SUB>2</SUB>/N<SUB>2</SUB> separation factor.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/esthag/2014/esthag.2014.48.issue-24/es504265p/production/images/medium/es-2014-04265p_0007.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/es504265p'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Orientation Control of Block Copolymer Thin Films Placed on Ordered Nanoparticle Monolayers
Kim, Taehee,Wooh, Sanghyuk,Son, Jeong Gon,Char, Kookheon American Chemical Society 2013 Macromolecules Vol.46 No.20
<P>We investigate orientation and lateral ordering of poly(styrene-<I>block</I>-methyl methacrylate) (PS-<I>b</I>-PMMA) diblock copolymer (diBCP) thin films placed on ordered nanoparticle (NP) monolayers. The densely packed NP monolayers were prepared on silicon substrates with the Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) deposition technique. The perpendicular domain orientation of BCP thin films is obtained on the ordered NP monolayers due to the nanoscale regular roughness which exerts the elastic deformation on the BCP nanodomains and suppresses the substrate-induced parallel orientation. The effect of BCP film thickness as well as the NP size on the orientation of BCP nanodomains was systematically investigated. We also demonstrate the defect-tolerant ordering of the perpendicular orientation of BCP thin films on the NP-vacant sites.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/mamobx/2013/mamobx.2013.46.issue-20/ma401601f/production/images/medium/ma-2013-01601f_0010.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ma401601f'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>