Accuracy of artificial intelligence-assisted landmark identification in serial lateral cephalograms of Class III patients who underwent orthodontic treatment and two-jaw orthognathic surgery

Mihee Hong,Inhwan Kim,Jin-Hyoung Cho,Kyung-Hwa Kang,Minji Kim,Su-Jung Kim,Yoon-Ji Kim,Sang-Jin Sung,Young Ho Kim,Sung-Hoon Lim,Namkug Kim,Seung-Hak Baek 대한치과교정학회 2022 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.52 No.4

Objective: To investigate the pattern of accuracy change in artificial intelligence-assisted landmark identification (LI) using a convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm in serial lateral cephalograms (Lat-cephs) of Class III (C-III) patients who underwent twojaw orthognathic surgery. Methods: A total of 3,188 Lat-cephs of C-III patients were allocated into the training and validation sets (3,004 Lat-cephs of 751 patients) and test set (184 Lat-cephs of 46 patients; subdivided into the genioplasty and non-genioplasty groups, n = 23 per group) for LI. Each C-III patient in the test set had four Lat-cephs: initial (T0), pre-surgery (T1, presence of orthodontic brackets [OBs]), post-surgery (T2, presence of OBs and surgical plates and screws [S-PS]), and debonding (T3, presence of S-PS and fixed retainers [FR]). After mean errors of 20 landmarks between human gold standard and the CNN model were calculated, statistical analysis was performed. Results: The total mean error was 1.17 mm without significant difference among the four timepoints (T0, 1.20 mm; T1, 1.14 mm; T2, 1.18 mm; T3, 1.15 mm). In comparison of two time-points ([T0, T1] vs. [T2, T3]), ANS, A point, and B point showed an increase in error (p < 0.01, 0.05, 0.01, respectively), while Mx6D and Md6D showeda decrease in error (all p < 0.01). No difference in errors existed at B point, Pogonion, Menton, Md1C, and Md1R between the genioplasty and non-genioplasty groups. Conclusions: The CNN model can be used for LI in serial Lat-cephs despite the presence of OB, S-PS, FR, genioplasty, and bone remodeling.

Accuracy of one-step automated orthodontic diagnosis model using a convolutional neural network and lateral cephalogram images with different qualities obtained from nationwide multi-hospitals

Sunjin Yim,Sungchul Kim,Inhwan Kim,Jae-Woo Park,Jin-Hyoung Cho,Mihee Hong,Kyung-Hwa Kang,Minji Kim,Su-Jung Kim,Yoon-Ji Kim,Young Ho Kim,Sung-Hoon Lim,Sang Jin Sung,Namkug Kim,Seung-Hak Baek 대한치과교정학회 2022 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.52 No.1

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the accuracy of one-step automated orthodontic diagnosis of skeletodental discrepancies using a convolutional neural network (CNN) and lateral cephalogram images with different qualities from nationwide multi-hospitals. Methods: Among 2,174 lateral cephalograms, 1,993 cephalograms from two hospitals were used for training and internal test sets and 181 cephalograms from eight other hospitals were used for an external test set. They were divided into three classification groups according to anteroposterior skeletal discrepancies (Class I, II, and III), vertical skeletal discrepancies (normodivergent, hypodivergent, and hyperdivergent patterns), and vertical dental discrepancies (normal overbite, deep bite, and open bite) as a gold standard. Pre-trained DenseNet-169 was used as a CNN classifier model. Diagnostic performance was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, t-stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE), and gradientweighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM). Results: In the ROC analysis, the mean area under the curve and the mean accuracy of all classifications were high with both internal and external test sets (all, > 0.89 and > 0.80). In the t-SNE analysis, our model succeeded in creating good separation between three classification groups. Grad-CAM figures showed differences in the location and size of the focus areas between three classification groups in each diagnosis. Conclusions: Since the accuracy of our model was validated with both internal and external test sets, it shows the possible usefulness of a one-step automated orthodontic diagnosis tool using a CNN model. However, it still needs technical improvement in terms of classifying vertical dental discrepancies.

A simple fabrication route to a highly transparent super-hydrophobic surface with a poly(dimethylsiloxane) coated flexible mold

Kim, Mihee,Kim, Kyunghoon,Lee, Nae Yoon,Shin, Kyusoon,Kim, Youn Sang Royal Society of Chemistry 2007 Chemical communications Vol.2007 No.22

<P>A super-hydrophobic and highly transparent nanostructured film was fabricated <I>via</I> imprinting and conformally uniform chemical anchoring of poly(dimethylsiloxane) on a controlled nanoscopic dimension.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>A highly transparent super-hydrophobic surface is prepared using a nanoimprint lithographic technique with a PDMS-coated flexible mold. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=b618123f'> </P>

The prognostic impact of reduced variant burden in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia treated with decitabine

Mihee Kim,TaeHyung Kim,Seo-Yeon Ahn,Jun Hyung Lee,Ju Heon Park,Myung-Geun Shin,Sung-Hoon Jung,Ga-Young Song,Deok-Hwan Yang,Je-Jung Lee,Seung Hyun Choi,Mi Yeon Kim,Jae-Sook Ahn,Hyeoung-Joon Kim,Dennis 대한내과학회 2023 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.38 No.4

Background/Aims: We evaluated the role of next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based disease monitoring for elderly patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who received decitabine therapy. Methods: A total of 123 patients aged > 65 years with AML who received decitabine were eligible. We analyzed the dynamics of variant allele frequency (VAF) in 49 available follow-up samples after the fourth cycle of decitabine. The 58.6% VAF clearance (Δ, [VAF at diagnosis − VAF at follow-up] × 100 / VAF at diagnosis) was the optimal cut-off for predicting overall survival (OS). Results: The overall response rate was 34.1% (eight patients with complete remission [CR], six of CR with incomplete hematologic recovery, 22 with partial responses, and six with morphologic leukemia-free status). Responders (n = 42) had significantly better OS compared with non-responders (n = 42) (median, 15.3 months vs. 6.5 months; p < 0.001). Of the 49 patients available for follow-up targeted NGS analysis, 44 had trackable gene mutations. The median OS of patients with ΔVAF ≥ 58.6% (n=24) was significantly better than that of patients with ΔVAF < 58.6% (n = 19) (20.5 months vs. 9.8 months, p = 0.010). Moreover, responders with ΔVAF ≥ 58.6% (n = 20) had a significantly longer median OS compared with responders with VAF < 58.6% (n = 11) (22.5 months vs. 9.8 months, p = 0.004). Conclusions: This study suggested that combining ΔVAF ≥ 58.6%, a molecular response, with morphologic and hematologic responses can more accurately predict OS in elderly AML patients after decitabine therapy.

Cooperative control system of the floating cranes for the dual lifting

Mihee Nam,Jinbeom Kim,Jaechang Lee,Daekyung Kim,Donghyuk Lee,이장명 대한조선학회 2018 International Journal of Naval Architecture and Oc Vol.10 No.1

This paper proposes a dual lifting and its cooperative control system with two different kinds of floating cranes. The Mega-erection and Gigaerection in the ship building are used to handle heavier and wider blocks and modules as ships and off-shore platforms are enlarged. However, there is no equipment to handle such Tera-blocks. In order to overcome the limit on performance of existing floating cranes, the dual lifting is proposed in this research. In the dual lifting, two floating cranes are well-coordinated to add up the lift capabilities of both cranes without any loss such that virtually a single crane is lifting, maneuvering and unloading. Two main constraints for the dual lifting are as follows: First, two barges of floating cranes should be constrained as a rigid body not to cause a relative motion between two barges and main hooks of the two cranes should be controlled as main hooks of a single crane. In order words, it is necessary to develop the cooperative control of two floating cranes in order to sustain a center of gravity of the module and minimize the tilting angle during the lifting and unloading by the two floating cranes. Two floating cranes are handled as a master-slave system. The master crane is able to gather information about all working conditions and make a decision to control the individual hook speed, which communicates the slave crane by TCP/IP. The developed control system has been embedded in the real floating crane systems and the dual lifting has been demonstrated five times at SHI shipyard in 2015. The moving angles of the lifting module are analyzed and verified to be suitable for hoisting control. It is verified that the dual lifting can be applied for many heavier and wider blocks and modules to shorten the construction time of ships and off-shore platforms.

Prevalence and risk factors of periodontitis among adults with or without diabetes mellitus

( Mihee Hong ),( Hee Yeon Kim ),( Hannah Seok ),( Chang Dong Yeo ),( Young Soo Kim ),( Jae Yen Song ),( Young Bok Lee ),( Dong-hee Lee ),( Jae-im Lee ),( Tae-kyu Lee ),( Hyo-suk Ahn ),( Yoon Ho Ko ),( 대한내과학회 2016 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.31 No.5

Background/Aims: This study examined prevalence and risk factors of peri­odontitis in representative samples of Korean adults, with and without diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: Data from the 2012 Korean National Health and Nutritional Exam­ination Survey were analyzed. A total of 4,477 adults (≥ 30 years old) were selected from 8,057 individuals who completed a nutrition survey, a self-reported general health behavior questionnaire, an oral examination, an oral hygiene behaviors survey, and laboratory tests. DM was defined as a fasting plasma glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL, or self-reported diagnosed diabetes, or current use of oral hypoglyce­mic agents and/or insulin. The community periodontal index was used to as­sess periodontitis status and comparisons between the periodontitis and the non-periodontitis group, were performed, according to the presence of DM. Risk factors for periodontitis in adults with DM and without DM were evaluated by multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of periodontitis was significantly higher in adults with DM (43.7%) than in those without DM (25%, p < 0.001). In adults without DM, risk factors for periodontitis were older age, male, urban habitation, waist cir­cumference, smoking, oral pain, and less frequent tooth brushing. Significant risk factors for periodontitis in adults with DM were the smoking, oral pain, and not-using an oral hygiene product. Conclusions: Adults with DM have an increased risk of periodontitis than those without DM. Current smoking and oral pain increase this risk. Using an oral hy­giene product can reduce risk of periodontal disease in adults with DM.

Diagnostic Accuracy and Prognostic Relevance of Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Rearrangement and 18F-FDG-PET/CT Compared With Unilateral Bone Marrow Trephination for Detecting Bone Marrow Involvement in Patients With Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

Kim Mihee,Ahn Seo-Yeon,Ahn Jae-Sook,Song Ga-Young,Jung Sung-Hoon,Lee Je-Jung,Kim Hyeoung-Joon,Lee Jun Hyung,Shin Myung-Geun,Song Sang Yun,Yang Deok-Hwan 대한의학회 2022 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.37 No.1

Background: In diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), bone marrow involvement (BMI) has an important clinical implication as a component of staging and International Prognostic Index. This study aimed to determine whether molecular analysis of immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) genes and positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) could overcome the limitation of defining morphologic BMI by trephination biopsy and could increase the diagnostic accuracy or prognostic prediction. Methods: A total of 94 de novo patients with DLBCL underwent PET/CT, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for detection of IgH gene rearrangement, and unilateral bone marrow (BM) trephination at diagnosis. Results: A total of 9 patients (9.6%) were confirmed to present morphologic BMI (mBMI) based on trephination biopsy. On the other hand, 21 patients (22.3%) were confirmed to have IgH clonality (IgH BMI), while 16 (17.0%) were classified with BMI based on the assessment of PET/CT (PET BMI). Each IgH rearrangement PCR and PET/CT showed the high negative predictive value of detecting the BMI. However, the combined assessment of IgH rearrangement and PET/CT could increase the diagnostic accuracy and specificity with 87.2% and 97.0%, respectively. The survival outcome of patients with double positive PET BMI and IgH BMI was significantly worse than that with either single positive PET BMI or IgH BMI, and even less than patients with neither PET BMI nor IgH BMI (3-year PFS: 50.0% vs. 75.4% vs. 97.9%, P = 0.007, 3-year OS: 50.0% vs. 75.6% vs. 80.1%, P = 0.035, respectively). Conclusion: This study suggests that the combined evaluation of PET/CT and IgH rearrangement could give additional information for predicting therapeutic outcomes in patients with negative morphologic BMI as an important part of the prognosis.

The Improvement and Completion of Outcome index

Mihee Hong,Yoon-Ah Kook,Myeng-Ki Kim,Jae-Il Lee,Hong-Gee Kim,Seung-Hak Baek 대한치과교정학회 2016 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.46 No.4

Objective: Given the considerable disagreement between the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index and the American Board of Orthodontics Cast-Radiograph Evaluation, we aimed to develop a novel assessment system―the Improvement and Completion of Outcome (ICO) index―to evaluate the outcome of orthodontic treatment. Methods: Sixteen criteria from 4 major categories were established to represent the pretreatment malocclusion status, as well as the degree of improvement and level of completion of outcome during/after treatment: dental relationship (arch length discrepancy, irregularity, U1-SN, and IMPA); anteroposterior relationship (overjet, right and left molar position, ANB); vertical relationship (anterior overbite, anterior open-bite, lateral openbite, SN-MP); and transverse relationship (dental midline discrepancy, chin point deviation, posterior cross-bite, occlusal plane cant). The score for each criterion was defined from 0 or −1 (worst) to 5 (ideal value or normal occlusion) in gradations of 1. The sum of the scores in each category indicates the area and extent of the problems. Improvement and completion percentages were estimated based on the pre- and post-treatment total scores and the maximum total score. If the completion percentage exceeded 80%, treatment outcome was considered successful. Results: Two cases, Class I malocclusion and skeletal Class III malocclusion, are presented to represent the assessment procedure using the ICO index. The difference in the level of improvement and completion of treatment outcome can be clearly explained by using 2 percentage values. Conclusions: Thus, the ICO index enables the evaluation of the quality of orthodontic treatment objectively and consecutively throughout the entire treatment process.

Low-Cost Fabrication of Transparent Hard Replica Molds for Imprinting Lithography

Kim, Joohee,Kim, Mihee,Lee, Min Jung,Lee, Ji Soo,Shin, Kyusoon,Kim, Youn Sang WILEY-VCH Verlag 2009 Advanced Materials Vol.21 No.40

<B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>A new and cost-effective replica fabrication method for transparent and hard molds used in imprinting lithography is presented. The process uses a polymer copy as a carrier. Replicated hard molds eliminate the need for direct contact between the master and the patterned polymer on the substrate, and thus reduce contamination of the master. <img src='wiley_img/09359648-2009-21-40-ADMA200803243-content.gif' alt='wiley_img/09359648-2009-21-40-ADMA200803243-content'> </P>

Bacterial adherence on self-assembled films of brush polymers bearing zwitterionic sulfobetaine moieties

Kim, Mihee,Kim, Jin Chul,Rho, Yecheol,Jung, Jungwoon,Kwon, Wonsang,Kim, Heesoo,Ree, Moonhor The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012 Journal of materials chemistry Vol.22 No.37

<P>In this study we synthesized a series of well-defined brush polymers, poly(oxy(11-(3-sulfonylpropyltrimethylglycinyl)undecylesterthiomethyl)ethylene-<I>co</I>-oxy(<I>n</I>-dodecylthiomethyl)-ethylene)s (PECH-DMAPS<I>m</I>, where <I>m</I> is the mol% of DMAPS (sulfobetaine) end group). The thermal properties and phase transitions of these polymers were investigated. The polymers were thermally stable up to 185 °C. The polymers were found to form favorably into multi-bilayer structures, always providing hydrophilic, zwitterionic sulfobetaine end groups at the film surface. For the films, water sorption behavior was examined. In addition, surface energy components were determined for the polymer films and the bacterial cells deposited on cellulose acetate membranes. The brush polymer films were found to suppress bacterial adherence significantly. An understanding of the suppression of bacterial adherence was attempted in terms of surface energies and thermodynamics. The results collectively indicate that the sulfobetaine-containing brush polymers are suitable for use in biomedical applications that require the reduced possibility of post-operative infection.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>The adherences of bacteria on self-assembled films of sulfobetaine-containing brush polymers were quantitatively investigated in aspects of surface characteristics and thermodynamics. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c2jm15912k'> </P>