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Activation of Akt as a mechanism for tumor immune evasion.
Noh, Kyung Hee,Kang, Tae Heung,Kim, Jin Hee,Pai, Sara I,Lin, Ken Y,Hung, Chien-Fu,Wu, T-C,Kim, Tae Woo Academic Press 2009 Molecular therapy Vol.17 No.3
<P>Immune evasion is an important reason why the immune system cannot control tumor growth. To elucidate the mechanism for tumor immune evasion, we generated an immune-resistant human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) E7-expressing tumor cell line by subjecting a susceptible tumor cell line to multiple rounds of in vivo immune selection with an E7-specific vaccine. Comparison of parental and immune-resistant tumors revealed that Akt is highly activated in the immune-resistant tumors. Retroviral transfer of a constitutively active form of Akt into the parental tumor significantly increased its resistance against E7-specific CD8(+) T-cell mediated apoptosis. The observed resistance against apoptosis was found to be associated with the upregulation of antiapoptotic molecules. We also observed that intratumoral injection of an Akt inhibitor enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of E7-specific vaccine or E7-specific CD8(+) T-cell adoptive transfer against the immune-resistant tumors. Thus, our data indicate that the activation of PI3K/Akt pathway represents a new mechanism of immune escape and has important implications for the development of a novel strategy in cancer immunotherapy against immune-resistant tumor cells.</P>
하루 콩단백질 25g 섭취를 위한 메뉴작성 및 영양성분 분석
한재숙,김정애,서봉순,이연정,서향순,조연숙,한경필,이신정,오옥희,우경자,조은자,구성자,김수진,李承彦,南出隆久 동아시아식생활학회 2002 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.12 No.2
The purpose of this study was to develop menus for daily intake of 25g soybean protein and to analyse nutrients of these foods. Analytical values were compared to the theoretical one using the food composition table and recommended dietary allowances for Koreans (7th revision). The results are as follows. 1. Soybean curd residue stew, Soybean curd, Kimchi saute, and hard boiled soybean and lotus root were selected for the menu for January, of which the content of soy bean protein(SBP) was 33.1g, soybean stew, soybean curd and soybean sprout saute, and Italian deep fried soybean curd were for February, of which the content of SBP was 35.0g. The content of SBP in soybean paste soup with soybean curd, fried soybean curd and fried soybean curd roll, the menu for March, was 24.9g. That of April were soybean curd gratin with soymilk, soybean curd and ham with garlic dressing and the content of SBP was 26.3g. That of May were soybean porridge, soybean flour cake with honey (Dasik), soybean sprout soup and the content of SBP was 26.7g. That of June were soymilk, pan-fried soybean curd, steamed soybean curd with chicken and the content of SBP was 28.4g. That of July were noodle with soymilk, mapatofu, soybean curd salad and the content of SBP was 24.7g. That of August were soybean sprout with mustard dressing, Tossed green pepper with raw soybean flour, Tofu and Kimchi stew, soybean curd steak and the content of SBP was 26.2g. That of September were Chinese cabbage soup with raw soybean flour, sweet and sour tofu and the content of SBP was 23.2g. That of Oct. were Fermented soybean stew, soybean pan cake and the content of SBP was 24.3g. That of November were not-pressed soybean curd casserole, pan-fried mashed soybean curd with egg, stir frying deep-fried soybean curd with vegetables and the content of SBP was 22.4g. That of December were soybean curd and mushroom casserole, fried soybean curd and vegetables, hard boiled soybean curd and the content of SBP was 28.9g. 2. The ratio of the analytical value over theoretical value (A/B%) of one serving in kcal, carbohydrate, protein, fat, ash and dietary fiber were 57.7~107.7%, 42.9~131.9%, 79.2~118.3%, 54.5~100%, 40.7~80.8% and 42.1~113.2%, respectively. 3. The ratio of A/B% of one serving in Ca, K, Na, P and Fe were 44.1~93.6%, 59.0~153.1%, 53.1~117.7% 64.6%~138.8 and 33.8~77.3%, respectively. That in Fe was the lowest among minerals. 4. The ratio of analytical value over Korean R.D.A(A/C%) in Ca was relatively higher (22.0~85.9%) than that in kcal(18~63%). 5. The ratio of A/C% in Fe was 25.1~64.3% and lower than that in Ca and protein in general.
Pedobacter edaphicus sp. nov. isolated from forest soil in South Korea
Singh, Hina,Du, Juan,Ngo, Hien T. T.,Won, Kyung Hwa,Kim, Ki-Young,Yi, Tae-Hoo Springer-Verlag 2015 Archives of microbiology Vol.197 No.6
<P>A Gram-negative, yellow-colored, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, motile bacterium was isolated from forest soil in Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. The strain was designated as THG-DA2.1(T). Cells of strain THG-DA2.1(T) grew optimally at pH 7.0, at temperature 28?C and in the presence of 0.5?% NaCl. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain THG-DA2.1(T) was shown to belong to the genus Pedobacter and shares highest sequence similarity with Pedobacter ginsengisoli KCTC 12576(T). The DNA G+C content was determined to be 42.3?mol?%. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was identified as menaquinone MK-7. The major cellular fatty acids of strain THG-DA2.1(T) were iso-C15:0 and C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c (summed feature 3*). Strain THG-DA2.1(T) contains phosphatidylethanolamine as major polar lipid, but an unidentified aminolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids were also detected. On the basis of the data obtained from polyphasic taxonomy in this study, strain THG-DA2.1(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Pedobacter, for which the name Pedobacter edaphicus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is THG-DA2.1(T) (=KCTC 42232(T) =JCM 30351(T)).</P>
Du, Juan,Singh, Hina,Ngo, Hien T. T.,Won, Kyung-Hwa,Kim, Ki-Young,Yi, Tae-Hoo International Union of Microbiological Societies 2015 International journal of systematic and evolutiona Vol.65 No.4
<P>Two Gram-stain-negative, yellow, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterial isolates, designated THG-DN3.18<SUP>T</SUP> and THG-DN3.19<SUP>T</SUP>, were isolated from an ancient tree trunk from Daejeon, South Korea. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity showed that both strains belong to the genus <I>Pedobacter</I> within the family <I>Sphingobacteriaceae</I> . Strain THG-DN3.18<SUP>T</SUP> exhibited maximum sequence similarity with <I>Pedobacter boryungensis</I> KCTC 23344<SUP>T</SUP> (98.5 %) while strain THG-DN3.19<SUP>T</SUP> exhibited maximum sequence similarity with <I>Pedobacter nyackensis</I> LMG 24260<SUP>T</SUP> (97.3 %). In DNA–DNA hybridization tests, the two strains showed less than 35 % relatedness with respect to closely related species of the genus <I>Pedobacter</I> . Both strains contained iso-C<SUB>15 : 0</SUB> and C<SUB>16 : 1</SUB>ω6<I>c</I> and/or C<SUB>16 : 1</SUB>ω7<I>c</I> (summed feature 3) as the predominant fatty acids and MK-7 as the major isoprenoid quinone. The DNA G+C contents of strains THG-DN3.18<SUP>T</SUP> and THG-DN3.19<SUP>T</SUP> were 35.5 and 40.1 mol%, respectively. The genotypic analysis, biochemical properties, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics indicate that strains THG-DN3.18<SUP>T</SUP> and THG-DN3.19<SUP>T</SUP> represent novel species of the genus <I>Pedobacter</I> , for which the names <I>Pedobacter daejeonensis</I> sp. nov. and <I>Pedobacter trunci</I> sp. nov. are proposed. The type strains are THG-DN3.18<SUP>T</SUP> ( = KCTC 42230<SUP>T</SUP> = JCM 30352<SUP>T</SUP>) and THG-DN3.19<SUP>T</SUP> ( = KCTC 42233<SUP>T</SUP> = JCM 30353<SUP>T</SUP>), respectively.</P>
Kim, Kyung Taec,Kim, Kyungseung,Hammond, T J Institute of Physics Publishing Ltd. 2017 Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optica Vol.50 No.2
<P>An arbitrary optical waveform can be measured using the technique called the ‘petahertz optical oscilloscope’ in which an electron trajectory in the process of high harmonic generation is used as a fast temporal gate. In the petahertz optical oscilloscope, a signal laser pulse that needs to be measured is superposed on a fundamental laser pulse that generates high harmonic radiation. The addition of the signal laser pulse slightly modifies the amplitude and phase of the harmonic radiation, which have information on the signal field. While these changes are imposed in the generation medium, the harmonic radiation is measured at the detector. Thus, one needs a special technique to find the phase modulation in the medium using the variation of the spatially-resolved harmonic spectrum measured at the far field. We find that a simple estimation using the deflection angle of the harmonic radiation is not accurate enough for a broadband signal pulse. Here we introduce a phase retrieval approach for the reconstruction of the broadband signal pulse. Our calculations show that the broadband signal pulse can be accurately reconstructed using the phase retrieval approach.</P>
Direct imaging of the electron liquid at oxide interfaces
Song, Kyung,Ryu, Sangwoo,Lee, Hyungwoo,Paudel, Tula R.,Koch, Christoph T.,Park, Bumsu,Lee, Ja Kyung,Choi, Si-Young,Kim, Young-Min,Kim, Jong Chan,Jeong, Hu Young,Rzchowski, Mark S.,Tsymbal, Evgeny Y.,E Nature Publishing Group UK 2018 Nature nanotechnology Vol.13 No.3
<P>The breaking of symmetry across an oxide heterostructure causes the electronic orbitals to be reconstructed at the interface into energy states that are different from their bulk counterparts(1). The detailed nature of the orbital reconstruction critically affects the spatial confinement and the physical properties of the electrons occupying the interfacial orbitals(2-4). Using an example of two-dimensional electron liquids forming at LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces(5,6) with different crystal symmetry, we show that the selective orbital occupation and spatial quantum confinement of electrons can be resolved with subnanometre resolution using inline electron holography. For the standard (001) interface, the charge density map obtained by inline electron holography shows that the two-dimensional electron liquid is confined to the interface with narrow spatial extension (similar to 1.0 +/- 0.3 nm in the half width). On the other hand, the two-dimensional electron liquid formed at the (111) interface shows a much broader spatial extension (similar to 3.3 +/- 0.3 nm) with the maximum density located similar to 2.4 nm away from the interface, in excellent agreement with density functional theory calculations.</P>
Publisher Correction: Direct imaging of the electron liquid at oxide interfaces
Song, Kyung,Ryu, Sangwoo,Lee, Hyungwoo,Paudel, Tula R.,Koch, Christoph T.,Park, Bumsu,Lee, Ja Kyung,Choi, Si-Young,Kim, Young-Min,Kim, Jong Chan,Jeong, Hu Young,Rzchowski, Mark S.,Tsymbal, Evgeny Y.,E Nature Publishing Group UK 2018 Nature nanotechnology Vol.13 No.7
In the version of this Letter originally published, in two instances in Fig. 1 the layers in the cross-sectional view of the (001) interface were incorrectly labelled: in Fig. 1b SrO<SUP>+</SUP> should have read SrO<SUP>0</SUP>; in Fig. 1c LaO<SUP>+</SUP>, AlO<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>–</SUP>, LaO<SUP>+</SUP>, TiO<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>0</SUP>, SrO<SUP>+</SUP>, TiO<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>0</SUP> should have read LaO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>3–</SUP>, Al<SUP>3+</SUP>, LaO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>3–</SUP>, Ti<SUP>4+</SUP>, SrO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>4–</SUP>, Ti<SUP>4+</SUP>. In Fig. 3c the upper-right equation read –σ<SUB>s</SUB> = –e/2a<SUP>2</SUP> but should have read –σ<SUB>s</SUB> = e/2a<SUP>2</SUP> and in Fig. 3f the lower-right equation read –σ<SUB>s</SUB> = –e/2√3a<SUP>2</SUP> but should have read σ<SUB>s</SUB> = –e/2√3a<SUP>2</SUP>. These errors have now been corrected in the online version of the Letter.