Avoidable Burden of Risk Factors for Serious Road Traffic Crashes in Iran: A Modeling Study

Fatemeh Khosravi Shadmani,Kamyar Mansori,Manoochehr Karami,Farid Zayeri,Reza Khosravi Shadman,Shiva Mansouri Hanis,Hamid Soori 대한예방의학회 2017 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.50 No.2

Objectives: The aim of this study was to model the avoidable burden of the risk factors of road traffic crashes in Iran and to prioritize interventions to reduce that burden. Methods: The prevalence and the effect size of the risk factors were obtained from data documented by the traffic police of Iran in 2013. The effect size was estimated using an ordinal regression model. The potential impact fraction index was applied to calculate the avoidable burden in order to prioritize interventions. This index was calculated for theoretical, plausible, and feasible minimum risk level scenarios. The joint effects of the risk factors were then estimated for all the scenarios. Results: The highest avoidable burdens in the theoretical, plausible, and feasible minimum risk level scenarios for the non-use of child restraints on urban roads were 52.25, 28.63, and 46.67, respectively. In contrast, the value of this index for speeding was 76.24, 37.00, and 62.23, respectively, for rural roads. Conclusions: On the basis of the different scenarios considered in this research, we suggest focusing on future interventions to decrease the prevalence of speeding, the non-use of child restraints, the use of cell phones while driving, and helmet disuse, and the laws related to these items should be considered seriously.

Avoidable Burden of Risk Factors for Serious Road Traffic Crashes in Iran: A Modeling Study

Shadmani, Fatemeh Khosravi,Mansori, Kamyar,Karami, Manoochehr,Zayeri, Farid,Shadman, Reza Khosravi,Hanis, Shiva Mansouri,Soori, Hamid The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine 2017 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.50 No.2

Objectives: The aim of this study was to model the avoidable burden of the risk factors of road traffic crashes in Iran and to prioritize interventions to reduce that burden. Methods: The prevalence and the effect size of the risk factors were obtained from data documented by the traffic police of Iran in 2013. The effect size was estimated using an ordinal regression model. The potential impact fraction index was applied to calculate the avoidable burden in order to prioritize interventions. This index was calculated for theoretical, plausible, and feasible minimum risk level scenarios. The joint effects of the risk factors were then estimated for all the scenarios. Results: The highest avoidable burdens in the theoretical, plausible, and feasible minimum risk level scenarios for the non-use of child restraints on urban roads were 52.25, 28.63, and 46.67, respectively. In contrast, the value of this index for speeding was 76.24, 37.00, and 62.23, respectively, for rural roads. Conclusions: On the basis of the different scenarios considered in this research, we suggest focusing on future interventions to decrease the prevalence of speeding, the non-use of child restraints, the use of cell phones while driving, and helmet disuse, and the laws related to these items should be considered seriously.

A Comparison of the Structural, Electronic, Mechanical and Phonon Properties of Silicene and Carbon-Substituted Silicene from First Principles

Khosravi Mostafa,Badehian Hojat Allah,Habibinejad Mahboobeh 한국물리학회 2020 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.77 No.12

The structural, electronic and phonon properties of silicene and carbon-substituted silicene (siliphene) were investigated exploiting the density functional theory (DFT) approach. The electronegativity of the C and the Si atoms in the siliphene suggest that when the ratio of carbon:silicon is 1:1, siliphene is a semiconductor. Moreover, the electrons in the highest occupied molecular orbitals of the silicene reach the Fermi level, so it has metallic behavior with a 0.29eV Van Hove singularity. The Young's modulus and shear modulus of the siliphene are estimated to be 0.16 TP and 0.24 TP, respectively. In addition, by less than 10 eV, siliphene has fewer allowed modes of crystal vibrations than silicene.

Effects of protein hydrolysates supplementation in low fish meal diets on growth performance, innate immunity and disease resistance of red sea bream Pagrus major

Khosravi, S.,Rahimnejad, S.,Herault, M.,Fournier, V.,Lee, C.R.,Dio Bui, H.T.,Jeong, J.B.,Lee, K.J. Academic Press 2015 Fish & Shellfish Immunology Vol.45 No.2

This study was conducted to evaluate the supplemental effects of three different types of protein hydrolysates in a low fish meal (FM) diet on growth performance, feed utilization, intestinal morphology, innate immunity and disease resistance of juvenile red sea bream. A FM-based diet was used as a high fish meal diet (HFM) and a low fish meal (LFM) diet was prepared by replacing 50% of FM by soy protein concentrate. Three other diets were prepared by supplementing shrimp, tilapia or krill hydrolysate to the LFM diet (designated as SH, TH and KH, respectively). Triplicate groups of fish (4.9 +/- 0.1 g) were fed one of the test diets to apparent satiation twice daily for 13 weeks and then challenged by Edwardsiella tarda. At the end of the feeding trial, significantly (P < 0.05) higher growth performance was obtained in fish fed HFM and hydrolysate treated groups compared to those fed the LFM diet. Significant improvements in feed conversion and protein efficiency ratios were obtained in fish fed the hydrolysates compared to those fed the LFM diet. Significant enhancement in digestibility of protein was found in fish fed SH and KH diets and dry matter digestibility was increased in the group fed SH diet in comparison to LFM group. Fish fed the LFM diet showed significantly higher glucose level than all the other treatments. Whole-body and dorsal muscle compositions were not significantly influenced by dietary treatments. Histological analysis revealed significant reductions in goblet cell numbers and enterocyte length in the proximal intestine of fish fed the LFM diet. Superoxide dismutase activity and total immunoglobulin level were significantly increased in fish fed the diets containing protein hydrolysates compared to the LFM group. Also, significantly higher lysozyme and antiprotease activities were found in fish fed the hydrolysates and HFM diets compared to those offered LFM diet. Fish fed the LFM diet exhibited the lowest disease resistance against E. tarda and dietary inclusion of the hydrolysates resulted in significant enhancement of survival rate. The results of the current study indicated that the inclusion of the tested protein hydrolysates, particularly SH, in a LFM diet can improve growth performance, feed utilization, digestibility, innate immunity and disease resistance of juvenile red sea bream.

Choline Essentiality and Its Requirement in Diets for Juvenile Parrot Fish (Oplegnathus fasciatus)

Khosravi, Sanaz,Jang, Ji-Woong,Rahimnejad, Samad,Song, Jin-Woo,Lee, Kyeong-Jun Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.5

A 12-wk feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the essentiality of choline supplementation in diets for parrot fish. Five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were supplemented with 0 (as control), 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg choline per kg diet, and a positive control diet without choline contained 0.3% of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol as choline biosynthesis inhibitor (designated as Con, C500, C1000, C2000 and $Con^+$, respectively). Triplicate groups of fish (body weight, $8.8{\pm}0.01g$) were fed one of the experimental diets at a rate of 4% body weight twice daily. The fish fed $Con^+$ diet revealed significantly lower growth performance and feed utilization efficiency than other fish groups. Supplementation of choline to the basal diet did not significantly influence fish growth. The highest liver lipid content was observed in fish fed the $Con^+$ diet and inversely correlated with liver choline concentration although the differences were not significant. Also, significantly higher liver linoleic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid contents were found in fish fed the $Con^+$ diet. Innate immune parameters including respiratory burst and myeloperoxidase activities were not significantly affected by dietary choline levels. The findings in this study conclude that choline concentration of approximately $230mgkg^{-1}$ diet meets the requirement of parrot fish.

CO-UNIFORM AND HOLLOW S-ACTS OVER MONOIDS

Khosravi, Roghaieh,Roueentan, Mohammad Korean Mathematical Society 2022 대한수학회논문집 Vol.37 No.2

In this paper, we first introduce the notions of superfluous and coessential subacts. Then hollow and co-uniform S-acts are defined as the acts that all proper subacts are superfluous and coessential, respectively. Also it is indicated that the class of hollow S-acts is properly between two classes of indecomposable and locally cyclic S-acts. Moreover, using the notion of radical of an S-act as the intersection of all maximal subacts, the relations between hollow and local S-acts are investigated. Ultimately, the notion of a supplement of a subact is defined to characterize the union of hollow S-acts.

Neuroticism as a Marker of Vulnerability to COVID-19 Infection

Khosravi Mohsen 대한신경정신의학회 2020 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.17 No.7

Size dependent axial free and forced vibration of carbon nanotube via different rod models

Khosravi, Farshad,Simyari, Mahdi,Hosseini, Seyed A.,Tounsi, Abdelouahed Techno-Press 2020 Advances in nano research Vol.9 No.3

The aim of this present research is the effect of the higher-order terms of the governing equation on the forced longitudinal vibration of a nanorod model and making comparisons of the results with classical nonlocal elasticity theory. For this purpose, the free axial vibration along with forced one under the two various linear and harmonic axial concentrated forces in zigzag Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube (SWCNT) are analyzed dynamically. Three various theories containing the classical theory, which is called Eringen's nonlocal elasticity, along with Rayleigh and Bishop theories (higher-order theories) are established to justify the nonlocal behavior of constitutive relations. The governing equation and the related boundary conditions are derived from Hamilton's principle. The assumed modes method is adopted to solve the equation of motion. For the free axial vibration, the natural frequencies are calculated for the various values of the nonlocal parameter only based on Eringen's theory. The effects of the nonlocal parameter, thickness, length, and ratio of the excitation frequency to the natural frequency over time in dimensional and non-dimensional axial displacements are investigated for the first time.

Healthy and Unhealthy Dietary Patterns Are Related to Depression: A Case-Control Study

Maryam Khosravi,Gity Sotoudeh,Reza Majdzadeh,Somayeh Nejati,Samaneh Darabi,Firoozeh Raisi,Ahmad Esmaillzadeh,Maryam Sorayani 대한신경정신의학회 2015 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.12 No.4

ObjectiveaaMajor depressive disorder is the leading cause of disability around the world. The relationship between depression and dietary patterns has been reported in a few studies but with controversial results. This study aimed to investigate this relationship in an Iranian population. MethodsaaIn our study, 330 depressed patients (cases) and healthy people (controls) (1:2) were individually matched according to age, sex and area of residence. New cases of depression were recruited from two psychiatric clinics in Tehran. Interviewers went to each patient’s residential area, and invited qualified individuals to participate in the study as controls. Food intake over the past year was collected using a validated semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were determined by the principal components method. Binary logistic regression was used to test the effect of dietary patterns on depression. ResultsaaWe identified two major dietary patterns by using factor analysis: the healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns. We categorized the scores of these patterns to quartiles. After adjusting for non-depression drug use, job, marital status, children number, and body mass index, the relations of depression and quartiles of two dietary patterns are significant (p=0.04 & p=0.01, respectively). Compared with participants in the lowest quartile, those in the highest quartile had significantly lower odds ratio (OR) for depression in healthy dietary pattern, and higher OR for depression in unhealthy dietary pattern. ConclusionaaThis study indicates that healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns may be associated with the risk of depression. The results can be used for developing interventions that aim to promote healthy eating for the prevention of depression.

Potential of mealworm, Tenebrio molitor, as an alternative protein source for fish meal replacement in diets for juvenile rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli

Sanaz Khosravi,Tae-Ho Jang,Esther Kim,Jung Sung Mok,Yong Seok Lee,Sang-Min Lee 한국수산과학회 양식분과 2016 한국수산과학회 양식분과 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.10