Quantitative Analyses of Esophageal Cancer Research in Pakistan

Qureshi, Muhammad Asif,Khan, Saeed,Ujjan, Ikram Din,Iqbal, Asif,Khan, Ramsha,Khan, Bilal Ahmed Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.7

Background: Health-care research is a neglected discipline in Pakistan and research related to esophageal cancer (ranks 9th in Pakistani males and 5th in females) is no exception in this regard. Particularly, there are no data available to delineate the overall status of esophageal cancer epidemiological studies in Pakistan. This study describes the first ever effort to make a systematic quantification, in an attempt to provide a road-map to all stakeholders for designing appropriate epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Materials and Methods: International (PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge) and local (PakMedinet) scientific databases as well as Google search engine were searched using specified keywords to extract relevant publication. Well-defined inclusion criteria were implemented to select publications for final analyses. All data were recorded by at least 3 authors and consensus data were entered into and analyzed for descriptive statistics (such as frequencies, percentages and annual growth rates) using Microsoft Excel and SPSS software. Results: A total of 79 publications fulfilled the inclusion criteria including 20 publications for which full texts were not available. Of the 79 publications, 59 (74.6%) were original/research publications, 5 (6.3%) were case reports, 4 (5.1%) were research communications, 2 (2.5%) were review articles, 1 was (1.2%) correspondence and 8 (10.1%) were undefined categories. Only 13 (<20%) cities of Pakistan contributed towards the 79 publications. On average, only 1.9 relevant publications/year were published from 1976 (year of first publication) to the present. Alarmingly, a decline in the annual growth at -4.1% was recorded in the last six years. Conclusions: Esophageal cancer research is largely unfathomed in Pakistan. Urgent/dramatic steps are required by all concerned to address this common (and under reported) cancer of Pakistan.

Effect of Pregnancy on Lactation Milk Value in Dairy Buffaloes

Khan, Sarzamin,Qureshi, Muhammad Subhan,Ahmad, Nazir,Amjed, Muhammad,Durrani, Fazali Raziq,Younas, Muhammad Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.4

Buffalo are a major source of milk production, contributing 12.1% in the World and 38.0% in Asia. The buffaloes are kept under peri-urban farming systems to produce milk for urban populations. Breeding is delayed in these herds to get more economic benefit because farmers believe that the pregnancy decreases milk production. The lactation milk value has been studied in this paper as an economic indicator. Complete milk yield records of 3,304 buffaloes was collected from a group of state farms. Economic traits including lactation yield, lactation length, calving interval (CI), dry period and milk yield per day of calving interval (MYPDCI) were derived from the data. The animals were grouped according to parity number (1-3), service period (G1 to G4, conceiving during <150, 150-200, 200-300 and >300 days post calving) and yield levels (HMY>2,500; MMY 2,001-2,500; and LMY 1,500-2,000 liters/ lactation). To study the effect of pregnancy on milk composition a research trial was conducted at a medium size private dairy farm, using forty lactating buffaloes of three yield levels and four service period groups, as described already. Milk was sampled on alternate weeks and analyzed for fat and protein contents (%). For quantifying the value of milk produced during a lactation period, the value corrected milk (VCM) was determined and converted to lactation milk value (LMV). Group means were compared for varicous parameters. Highest milk yield ($2,836.50{\pm}15.68$ liters/lactation) was recorded in the HMY animals of G4 group while lowest milk yield of $1,657.04{\pm}8.34$ liters/lactation was found in LMY of G1. Lactation was significantly increased with the extending of service period. The shortest dry period was recorded in HMY, parity 1, G1 animals and the longest in parity 2, MMY, G4.The CI was shortest in HMY, parity 1, and G1 animals and longest in LMY, parity 3, G4 buffaloes. The HMY, parity 2, G1 buffaloes showed the highest MYPDCI and the lowest value was recorded ($6.53{\pm}0.17$ vs. $2.76{\pm}0.04$ liter/day) for LMY, parity 1, G4 buffaloes. The VCM decreased with the delayed conception. This decreasing trend was higher in respect of the total yield but decrease in the VCM was smaller due to the increasing levels of fat and protein in the milk. The gap between the various production classes was reduced based on the VCM as compared with the yield per day of CI. LMV showed a consistent decline with extending service period in all three production groups. The study suggests that CI increased with delayed conception, showing a consistent trend in the low, moderate and high yielding buffaloes. There was a coherent declining pattern of milk yield with delaying conception, associated with prolonged CI. An animal conceiving at a later stage of lactation showed a decline in financial returns of 24 to 27% compared with those conceiving earlier.

Effect of temperature and feed rate on pyrolysis oil produced via helical screw fluidized bed reactor

Khan Muhammad Qureshi,Andrew Ng Kay Lup,Saima Khan,Faisal Abnisa,Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud 한국화학공학회 2021 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.38 No.9

A series of experiments was conducted to study the effect of temperature and feed rate on physicochemical properties and yield of bio-oil. The experiments were performed in a helical screw fluidized bed reactor and about 150-gram palm shell (PS) was pyrolyzed in each run at 275 oC/min heating rate. The first set of experiments was conducted at temperature ranging from 400 to 650 oC without using any inert gas for fluidization. While the second set of experiments were performed at feed rates ranging from 3 to 25 g/min in order to investigate the effects of feed rate on pyrolytic products. Results showed that the bio-oil yield was increased with the increase in temperature and feed rate due to the enhanced biomass volatilization. In a similar vein to this, a greater extent in oxygenates cracking was also noted in the bio-oil. A maximum liquid yield of about 72.84 wt% was obtained at 500 oC, while 72.92 wt% liquid yield was obtained with 25 g/min feed rate. The HHV of bio-oil was also increased from 38.52 to 43.13 MJ/kg when pyrolysis temperature was increased from 400 to 650 oC.

Variation in Milk Fatty Acid Composition with Body Condition in Dairy Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)

Qureshi, Muhammad Subhan,Mushtaq, Anila,Khan, Sarzamin,Habib, Ghulam,Swati, Zahoor Ahmad Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2010 Animal Bioscience Vol.23 No.3

Buffaloes usually maintain higher body condition and do not produce milk at the cost of their own body reserves under tropical conditions. The mobilization of body reserves for fulfilling the demands of lactation has been extensively studied in dairy cows while limited work is available on this aspect in dairy buffaloes. Therefore, the present study was conducted to examine variations in milk fatty acid profiles with body condition in Nili-Ravi buffaloes. A total of 24 Nili-Ravi buffaloes within 60 days after parturition, were selected from a private dairy farm in the district of Peshawar. All animals consumed the same diet during the experimental period. A total of 576 raw milk samples were collected for laboratory analysis. The study continued up to 6 months during 2008. Body condition score (BCS), milk yield and composition were recorded once a week. Means for milk fatty acid profile were compared for various levels of BCS. The mean milk yield and fat content were 9.28 kg/d and 5.36%, respectively. The total saturated fatty acids (SFA) were 64.22 g/100 g and the unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) were 35.79 g/100 g. Of the SFA the highest amount was recorded for $C_{16:0}$, followed by $C_{18:0}$, and $C_{14:0}$. The total sum of hypercholesterolemic fatty acids (HCFA, $C_{12:0}$, $C_{14:0}$ and $C_{16:0}$) was 43.33 g/100 g. The concentrations of UFA were greater for moderate BCS followed by poor and highest BCS while SFA showed the opposite trend. The correlation analysis showed that milk yield was negatively affected by BCS and milk fat positively affected, though non-significantly. The present study suggests that Nili-Ravi dairy buffaloes produce similar milk to dairy cows regarding availability of cardioprotective fatty acids, with the highest concentration of $C_{18:1\;cis-9}$. Two HCFA ($C_{12:0}$ and $C_{14:0}$) were associated with higher body condition. Buffaloes with moderate body condition yielded milk containing healthier fatty acids.

Qualitative study of the fractional order nonlinear chaotic model: electronic realization and secure data enhancement

Khan Najeeb Alam,Akbar Saeed,Qureshi Muhammad Ali,Hameed Tooba,Khan Nadeem Alam 한국물리학회 2021 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.78 No.2

In this work, we explore the superposition of two well-known chaotic oscillators, namely, the Duffing double-well and the forced van der Pol with the fractional order derivative. The proportional fractional derivative has been taken for numerical simulations and highly chaotic solution to improve some information of security systems has been found. The existence and the uniqueness of a super system are stated in the form of theorems using the Lipschitz condition locally. The qualitative properties of chaotic dynamics are described by mean of Lyapunov exponent (LE), eigenvalues, bifurcation and Poincaré maps. The analog circuit is also intended, with the help of different physical instruments, to validate the superposition of chaotic systems. The randomness level of a superposition chaotic system is tested via standard test suite, and the qualified set of a 32-bit array with high haphazardness is used for encryption as well as decryption. Furthermore, a security analysis is performed using different parameters, such as the uncertainty, similarity etc. The outcomes for the properties, time evolution, phase portrait, and oscilloscopic views are presented in tabulated and graphical forms.

Gender Classification with Decision Trees

Muhammad Naeem Ahmed Khan,Sheraz Ahmed Qureshi,Naveed Riaz 보안공학연구지원센터(IJSIP) 2013 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.6 No.1

Quality Assessment of Images Projected Using Multiple Projectors

( Muhammad Umer Kakli ),( Hassaan Saadat Qureshi ),( Muhammad Murtaza Khan ),( Rehan Hafiz ),( Yongju Cho ),( Unsang Park ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2015 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.9 No.6

Multiple projectors with partially overlapping regions can be used to project a seamless image on a large projection surface. With the advent of high-resolution photography, such systems are gaining popularity. Experts set up such projection systems by subjectively identifying the types of errors induced by the system in the projected images and rectifying them by optimizing (correcting) the parameters associated with the system. This requires substantial time and effort, thus making it difficult to set up such systems. Moreover, comparing the performance of different multi-projector display (MPD) systems becomes difficult because of the subjective nature of evaluation. In this work, we present a framework to quantitatively determine the quality of an MPD system and any image projected using such a system. We have divided the quality assessment into geometric and photometric qualities. For geometric quality assessment, we use Feature Similarity Index (FSIM) and distance-based Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT). For photometric quality assessment, we propose to use a measure incorporating Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM), Intensity Magnitude Ratio (IMR) and Perceptual Color Difference (ΔE). We have tested the proposed framework and demonstrated that it provides an acceptable method for both quantitative evaluation of MPD systems and estimation of the perceptual quality of any image projected by them.

In vitro anticancer activities of Withania coagulans against HeLa, MCF-7, RD, RG2, and INS-1 cancer cells and phytochemical analysis

Muhammad Maqsood,Rahmatullah Qureshi,Masroor Ikram,M. Sheeraz Ahmad,Bushra Jabeen,Muhammad Rafique Asi,Junaid Ahmed Khan,Safdar Ali,Lothar Lilge 한국한의학연구원 2018 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.7 No.2

Background: The Pakistani Salt Range has a rich floral diversity including Withania coagulans from the Solanaceae family. Methods: The crude methanolic extracts of the root, leaf, leaf stalk, and fruit of this plant were screened for their cytotoxic activity against human (HeLa, MCF-7, RD) and rat (RG2 and INS-1) cancer cell lines at 20 μg/mL and compared to methotrexate. The IC50 values indicated that leaf stalk and fruit extracts exert an 80% or higher cytotoxic activity against all cell lines at 24 hours. Results: The leaf stalk extract showed the highest cytotoxic efficacy against all tested cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 0.96 ± 0.01 μg/mL to 4.73 ± 0.05 μg/mL followed by the fruit extract with IC50 values of 0.69 ± 0.01–6.69 ± 0.06 μg/mL after 48–72 hours incubation. The leaf stalk and seed extracts were analyzed for polyphenols and flavonoids using RP-HPLC. The total flavonoid content (TFC) was calculated for all tested samples, and the highest TFC was recorded for the root extract (394.34 ± 1.26 μg/g). The total phenolic content (TPC) was found in the seed extract (307.86 ± 9.42 μg/g) of W. coagulans. The highest contents of myricetin (358.46 ± 2.91 μg/g) were noted in the leaf extract, and highest quercetin was recorded in the seed extract (21.43 ± 0.13 μg/g). The highest gallic acid concentration (83.62 ± 0.71 μg/g) was recorded in leaf stalk extract and p-hydroxybenzoic acid in the seed extract (157.46 ± 1.43 μg/g). Conclusion: The present study gives a scientific insight and comparative analysis of various plant parts in this medicinally important plant species from the Salt Range of Pakistan against both human and rat cancer cells.

Changes in postpartum metabolites and resumption of ovarian cyclicity in primiparous and multiparous dairy cows

Muhammad Najmus Saqib,Muhammad Subhan Qureshi,Rifat Ullah Khan 한국응용생명화학회 2018 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.61 No.1

The postpartum period in high-yielding dairy cows creates an enormous drain of nutrients in favor of milk yield which antagonizes the resumption of ovulatory cycles. Therefore, a study was undertaken to evaluate the association of changes in postpartum serum metabolites with resumption of ovarian cyclicity. A total of 24 clinically healthy, freshly parturated primiparous (P-1) and multiparous (P-2) Holstein Frisian cows was selected. Cows were further divided on the basis of body condition score (BCS) 1 and 2 having BCS 3 or above 3, respectively. Weekly blood samples were collected and serum glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, progesterone, and cortisol concentrations were determined for a period of 7 weeks. The glucose concentration was significantly (P\0.05) higher in cows in P-2 during week 7. Cows in parity 2 had significantly (P\0.05) high cholesterol during week 6 and 7. The serum triglyceride concentration in multiparous animals having BCS-2 during week 6 was increased significantly (P\0.05). Serum cortisol was significantly (P\0.05) high in P-1 during week 1 and 2 and significantly (P\0.05) high in P-2 during week 7. Serum progesterone was significantly (P\0.05) higher in cows during week 7 in P-2 having BCS-2. The increased serum progesterone concentration during postpartum period was associated with decreased levels of serum cortisol and more availability of cholesterol and glucose. The multiparous cows maintained the postpartum blood metabolite concentration and showed better adaptability to reproductive cyclicity during the postpartum period as compared to primiparous cows.

The effect of vitamin E and selenium on physiological, hormonal and antioxidant status of Damani and Balkhi sheep submitted to heat stress

Shakirullah,Muhammad Subhan Qureshi,Sohail Akhtar,Rifat Ullah Khan 한국응용생명화학회 2017 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.60 No.6

The present study was conducted to find the effect of vitamin E and selenium (Se) on physiological, hormonal and antioxidant status of Damani and Balkhi sheep under high ambient temperature. Forty Damani and Balkhi healthy multiparous, non-pregnant sheep having similar initial body weight were selected. The sheep in each breed were further equally divided into control and treated groups. The sheep were fed a dietary plan recommended by the National Research Council (Nutrient requirements of small ruminants: sheep, goats, cervids, and new world camelids, National Academies Press, Washington, DC, 2007). In addition, the sheep in the treated groups were supplemented with Se (0.3 mg) and vitamin E (50 mg) per kg of diet for 4 weeks. The results indicated that respiration and pulse rate decreased significantly (P\0.05) on day 28 compared to the first day of the study in the treatment groups. The concentration of T3 and T4 was significantly (P\0.01) high in Damani sheep compared to Balkhi. In addition, except follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and progesterone, T3 and T4 were significantly (P\0.01) high in the treated sheep compared to the control. Malondialdehyde (MDA), cortisol and heatshock protein (HSP-70) increased significantly (P\0.05) in Balkhi sheep compared to Damani. In the treated sheep, MDA, cortisol and HSP-70 were significantly (P\0.01) low, while superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were significantly (P\0.01) high in the treatment sheep. It was concluded that vitamin E and Se at the present doses improved the physiological, hormonal and antioxidant status in Damani and Balkhi sheep. In addition, Damani sheep were more tolerant to heat stress than Balkhi sheep.