WHO ARE THE CONSUMERS FOR SUSTAINABLE LUXURY?

Saima Khan,Manzar Ahmed 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2017 Global Fashion Management Conference Vol.2017 No.07

Overview Researchers have tried to identify the compability of sustainability and luxury fashion(Kapferer and Denizeau, 2014; Henings, Wiedmann, Klarmann and Behrens, 2013; Achabou and Dekhili, 2013; Joy, Sherry, Venkatesh, Wang and Chan, 2012). These studies have suggested that sustainability does not hold much relevance for luxury brands from the perspective of consumers who expect luxury brand offerings to be made from high quality products even if they come at a cost to the environment or the society in general. Davies, Lee and Ahonkhai (2012) investigated the importance of ethical consumption in luxury brand consumers, they observed that even though a consumer may have high ethical inclination while purchasing a commodity product but when buying luxury, they expect the highest quality and brand experience even if it comes a cost to the sustainability concerns. Achabou and Dekhili (2013) studied the consumer acceptance towards the usage of recycled materials in luxury fashion clothing and observed that despite the increasing environment conservation concern in society, consumers expect the brand to be of the highest quality standards and not recycled. Kapferer and Denizeau (2014) also observed that luxury buyers believe that there is no synchony between luxury and sustainability especially in the context of social and economic harmony aspect of sustainable development. Despite the consumer insentivity towards sustainability when it comes to luxury, brands like Stella McCartney and its parent company, the Kering group are increasingly emphasizing on being sustainable. Every year Kering’s brands, which also include Gucci, Alexander McQueen, Saint Laurent and, are measuring greenhouse gas emissions, air pollution, water pollution, water consumption, waste, and changes in ecosystem services associated with land use. It puts numbers against each of those areas in order to see the impact of its supply chain on the planet in monetary terms (Arthur, 2016). Now the question arises that when consumers are not much bothered by sustainability standards in luxury industry in general,as suggested by academic researches, then why are the luxury fashion brands emphasizing on being sustainable and marketing this idea in their advertisemnts and brand campaigns. The increasing inclination of luxury fashion brands for being considered as sustainable suggests that there is a strong consumer base for sustainable luxury as well which has not been studied so far. Although Janssen, Vanhamme and Leblanc (2016) have emphasized the need to understand customer evaluations of responsible luxury brand image and its impact on the customer attitudes towards luxury brands, they did not study the consumer characteristics which can influence the responsible luxury brand evaluations. This study attempts to identify the consumers for sustainabile luxury and profile them on the basis of their personality traits and demographics. This will be particularly helpful for luxury brands in understanding their customers better and accordingly align their marketing efforts with the expectations and personalities of their target consumers.

Diagnostic Utility of p63 (Ab-1) and (Ab-4) Tumor Markers in the Squamous Cell Carcinomas of Head and Neck

Khan, Nauman Rauf,Khan, Amna Nauman,Bashir, Saira,Khan, Ayyaz Ali,Suleman, Bilquis A.,Chaudhry, Saima Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.3

P63 is a gene product required in cell cycle regulation which plays vital roles in tumor differentiation. Aims of the present study were to assess the frequency, pattern, sensitivity and specificity of two p63 protein clones P63 4A4 and P63 4A4+Y4A3 in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Thirty cases of head and neck region SCC diagnosed on the basis of H&E staining were examined along with 60 cases of head and neck region biopsies other than squamous cell carcinoma, negative on H&E staining, were taken as control. Immunostaining was performed on slides according to the Thermo Scientific UltraVision LP detection System. P63 4A4+Y4A3 clone is more sensitive 96.6% in comparison to 86% in P63 4A4 with having greater NPV of 98.3%. The results signify the importance of P63 4A4+Y4A3 marker over the old markers and may be used as a confirmatory marker of squamous cell carcinoma.

Fiscal Convergence and Total Factor Productivity: Firm-Level Evidence from Pakistan

KHAN, Usman Shaukat,KHAN, Muhammad Arshad,NAWAZ, Saima,RAHMAN, Abdul Korea Distribution Science Association 2020 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.7 No.10

This study examines the impact of corporate tax, a fiscal measure along with trade liberalization and research and development on total factor productivity for a panel of 153 industrial firms listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange over the period 1997-2017. For empirical analysis, we employ the system generalized method of moment estimator. In the first step, we estimate industrial production function and the results reveal that raw material, industrial labour force and energy play vital role in enhancing industrial production. Whereas, industrial capital exerts negative impact on industrial output. We also measured total factor productivity using the production elasticities. In the second step, we examine the impact of corporate tax, trade liberalization and research and development on total factor productivity. The results indicate that higher level of corporate tax exerts negative impact on total factor productivity. The findings reveal that higher corporate taxation discourages industrial firms to undertake research and development thereby exerting adverse impact on total factor productivity of firms. The impact of trade liberalization proxied by average tariff is positive while customs duty and sales tax negatively impact firm-level total factor productivity. These findings provide useful insights for managers, investors and policy makers in Pakistan.

Effect of temperature and feed rate on pyrolysis oil produced via helical screw fluidized bed reactor

Khan Muhammad Qureshi,Andrew Ng Kay Lup,Saima Khan,Faisal Abnisa,Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud 한국화학공학회 2021 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.38 No.9

A series of experiments was conducted to study the effect of temperature and feed rate on physicochemical properties and yield of bio-oil. The experiments were performed in a helical screw fluidized bed reactor and about 150-gram palm shell (PS) was pyrolyzed in each run at 275 oC/min heating rate. The first set of experiments was conducted at temperature ranging from 400 to 650 oC without using any inert gas for fluidization. While the second set of experiments were performed at feed rates ranging from 3 to 25 g/min in order to investigate the effects of feed rate on pyrolytic products. Results showed that the bio-oil yield was increased with the increase in temperature and feed rate due to the enhanced biomass volatilization. In a similar vein to this, a greater extent in oxygenates cracking was also noted in the bio-oil. A maximum liquid yield of about 72.84 wt% was obtained at 500 oC, while 72.92 wt% liquid yield was obtained with 25 g/min feed rate. The HHV of bio-oil was also increased from 38.52 to 43.13 MJ/kg when pyrolysis temperature was increased from 400 to 650 oC.

Genetic dissection of grain yield traits in a large collection of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm

Khan Sultan Habibullah,Sajjad Muhammad,Gulnaz Saima,Waqar Sundas,Shahzad Munawar,Arain Saima Mir 한국작물학회 2022 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.25 No.2

Understanding genetic architecture of a crop germplasm is necessary for designing a successful breeding program. Herein, we evaluated a large collection of 500 spring wheat accessions for 2 crop seasons to dissect the genetics of 11 yield components and their direct and indirect contributions to grain yield (GY). The genetic estimates of broad sense heritability (h2 ), genetic advance (GA), phenotypic correlation (rp), genotypic correlation (rg), and path coefcient analysis were performed. Signifcant genetic variation was observed for all yield traits suggesting that GY can be improved by exploiting the studied yield traits. Phenotypic coefcient of variation (Vp) was greater than genotypic coefcient of variation (Vg) for all studied traits. Higher broad sense h2 and GA were observed for grains per plant (GpP), spikes per plant (SpP), spikelets per spike (Spt/S) and grain yield (GY). The GY exhibited signifcant and positive correlation with all studied traits except with spikelet density (SptD). The GpP and TGW exhibited positive direct efect on increasing grain yield. Taking together, SpP, GpS, TGW and SDW are the major contributors to improving genetic yield potential of bread wheat with spring growth habit. The negative correlation between GY and SptD was dissected in path coefcient analysis as negative indirect efect of SptD on GY through reduced GpS and TGW. Our study provides new insights on the association of GpP, TGW and SDW in bread wheat. The GpP, TGW and SDW are infuenced by SpP, Gpt/S, G/Spt, SptD, AL and PH with indirect efects on GY. To improve yield potential in wheat, the traits with direct efects (GpP, TGW and SDW) and indirect efects (e.g., SptD) can be used as selection criteria.

Radio labeling and Radio Number For Generalized Caterpillar Graphs

Saima Nazeer,M. Saqib Khan,Imrana Kausar,Waqas Nazeer 한국전산응용수학회 2016 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.34 No.5

A Radio labeling of the graph $G$ is a function $g$ from the vertex set $V(G)$ of $G$ to $\mathbb{Z}^{+}$ such that $|g(u)-g(v)|\geq\text{diam}(G)+1-d_G(u,v)$, where diam$(G)$ and $d(u,v)$ are diameter and distance between $u$ and $v$ in graph $G$ respectively. The radio number rn$(G)$ of $G$ is the smallest number $k$ such that $G$ has radio labeling with max$\{g(v):v\in V(G)\}=k$. We investigate radio number for some families of generalized caterpillar graphs.

RADIO LABELING AND RADIO NUMBER FOR GENERALIZED CATERPILLAR GRAPHS

NAZEER, SAIMA,KHAN, M. SAQIB,KOUSAR, IMRANA,NAZEER, WAQAS The Korean Society for Computational and Applied M 2016 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.34 No.5

A Radio labeling of the graph G is a function g from the vertex set V (G) of G to ℤ⁺ such that |g(u) - g(v)| ≥ diam(G) + 1 - d_G(u, v), where diam(G) and d(u, v) are diameter and distance between u and v in graph G respectively. The radio number rn(G) of G is the smallest number k such that G has radio labeling with max{g(v) : v ∈ V(G)} = k. We investigate radio number for some families of generalized caterpillar graphs.

Chemical Composition, Nitrogen Fractions and Amino Acids Profile of Milk from Different Animal Species

Rafiq, Saima,Huma, Nuzhat,Pasha, Imran,Sameen, Aysha,Mukhtar, Omer,Khan, Muhammad Issa Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2016 Animal Bioscience Vol.29 No.7

Milk composition is an imperative aspect which influences the quality of dairy products. The objective of study was to compare the chemical composition, nitrogen fractions and amino acids profile of milk from buffalo, cow, sheep, goat, and camel. Sheep milk was found to be highest in fat ($6.82%{\pm}0.04%$), solid-not-fat ($11.24%{\pm}0.02%$), total solids ($18.05%{\pm}0.05%$), protein ($5.15%{\pm}0.06%$) and casein ($3.87%{\pm}0.04%$) contents followed by buffalo milk. Maximum whey proteins were observed in camel milk ($0.80%{\pm}0.03%$), buffalo ($0.68%{\pm}0.02%$) and sheep ($0.66%{\pm}0.02%$) milk. The non-protein-nitrogen contents varied from 0.33% to 0.62% among different milk species. The highest r-values were recorded for correlations between crude protein and casein in buffalo (r = 0.82), cow (r = 0.88), sheep (r = 0.86) and goat milk (r = 0.98). The caseins and whey proteins were also positively correlated with true proteins in all milk species. A favorable balance of branched-chain amino acids; leucine, isoleucine, and valine were found both in casein and whey proteins. Leucine content was highest in cow ($108{\pm}2.3mg/g$), camel ($96{\pm}2.2mg/g$) and buffalo ($90{\pm}2.4mg/g$) milk caseins. Maximum concentrations of isoleucine, phenylalanine, and histidine were noticed in goat milk caseins. Glutamic acid and proline were dominant among non-essential amino acids. Conclusively, current exploration is important for milk processors to design nutritious and consistent quality end products.

Neutrosophic ${\mathcal N}$-structures and their applications in semigroups

Madad Khan,Saima Anis,Florentin Smarandache,전영배 원광대학교 기초자연과학연구소 2017 ANNALS OF FUZZY MATHEMATICS AND INFORMATICS Vol.14 No.6

The notion of neutrosophic ${\mathcal N}$-structure is introduced, and applied it to semigroup. The notions of neutrosophic ${\mathcal N}$-subsemigroup, neutrosophic ${\mathcal N}$-product and $\varepsilon$-neutrosophic ${\mathcal N}$-subsemigroup are introduced, and several properties are investigated. Conditions for neutrosophic ${\mathcal N}$-structure to be neutrosophic ${\mathcal N}$-subsemigroup are {provided.} Using neutrosophic ${\mathcal N}$-product, characterization of neutrosophic ${\mathcal N}$-subsemigroup is discussed. Relations between neutrosophic ${\mathcal N}$-subsemigroup and $\varepsilon$-neutrosophic ${\mathcal N}$-subsemigroup {are discussed}. We show that the homomorphic preimage of neutrosophic ${\mathcal N}$-subsemigroup is a neutrosophic ${\mathcal N}$-subsemigroup, and the onto homomorphic image of neutrosophic ${\mathcal N}$-subsemigroup is a neutrosophic ${\mathcal N}$-subsemigroup.

Air Pollution Trend and Variation during a Mega Festival of Firecrackers (Diwali) in Context to COVID-19 Pandemic

Tahmeena Khan,Alfred Lawrence,Samridhi Dwivedi,Saima Arif,Shrishti Dwivedi,Astha Upadhyay,Akriti Abraham,Venessa Roberts KOSAE·JSAE·CSES-CSAE 2022 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.16 No.3

The present study was conducted in Lucknow city to assess the impact of firecracker burning during Diwali, from 2 November 2021-6 November 2021 including the pre and post-Diwali days. The concentrations of PM<SUB>10</SUB>, PM<SUB>2.5</SUB>, SO₃, NO₂, CO, O₃, benzene and toluene, were monitored from the Central Pollution Control Board site on an hourly basis. The Air Quality Index was also recorded for PM<SUB>10</SUB>, PM<SUB>2.5</SUB>, SO₂ and NO₂. A questionnaire survey was done with 51 doctors to know the reported complaints post-Diwali. On Diwali night the PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> value reached 262 μg m<SUP>-3</SUP> around 22:00 hours and the maximum value (900 μg m<SUP>-3</SUP>) was obtained on 5 November, reported from the Central School monitoring station. From Gomti Nagar highest PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> value obtained on Diwali day was 538 μg m<SUP>-3</SUP> at 23:00 hours reaching 519 μg m<SUP>-3</SUP> post-Diwali. Areas belonging to the old part of the city witnessed higher variations as PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> crossed 900 μg m<SUP>-3</SUP>, in Lalbagh and Talkatora areas. The multivariate analysis showed that on Diwali night there was an increase of 204, 386, 344 and 341 in the PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> concentration reported from Gomtinagar, Central School, Talkatora and Lalbagh stations, showing that firecracker burning resulted in a significant increase in air pollution. The Toluene/Benzene ratio was mostly more than 1 indicating that toluene and benzene may be emitted from other sources as well including the mobile sources. Around 50-75% rise was seen in the number of patients post-Diwali. 57.1% of the reported cases had respiratory issues, followed by allergic reactions. The data obtained from Lalbagh, Talkatora and Central School showed that although the values remained high, a decreasing trend was seen in the AQI compared to previous years which is a good sign and may be attributed to public awareness and the ongoing pandemic making people conscious.