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Complex Multiplier suited for EPGA structure
Keiichi Satoh,Jubee Tada,Kenta Yamaguchi,Yasutaka Tamura 대한전자공학회 2008 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2008 No.7
In this paper, we propose complex multiplier suited for FPGA structure to achieve higher performance and lower cost. The complex multiplier is based on LUT (Look-Up-Table) and carry-chain from FPGA structure, we utilize Booth algorithm for partial product generation and Wallace tree utilizing effectively LUTs and carry-chains in the FPGA structure for the partial products compression to design it. We design Wallace trees of various types utilizing LUTs and carry-chains, the complex multipliers implemented the trees are synthesized by synthesis tool. Consequently, the proposed complex multipliers are superior to one synthesized by operator(’*’,’+’, and ’-’) from VHDL description for both the path delay and the scale.
Akitoshi Makino,Keiichi Yamaguchi,Daichi Sumi,Masaru Ichikawa,Masumi Ohno,Kazushige Goto 한국운동영양학회 2022 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.26 No.1
[Purpose] The present study compared energy metabolism between walking and running at equivalent speeds during two incremental exercise tests. [Methods] Thirty four university students (18 males, 16 females) were recruited. Each participant completed two trials, consisting of walking (Walk) and running (Run) trials on different days, with 2-3 days apart. Exercise on a treadmill was started from initial stage of 3 min (3.0 k/m in Walk trial, 5.0 km/h in Run trial), and the speed for walking and running was progressively every minute by 0.5 km/h. The changes in metabolic variables, heart rate (HR), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) during exercise were compared between the trials. [Results] Energy expenditure (EE) increased with speed in each trial. However, the Walk trial had a significantly higher EE than the Run trial at speeds exceeding 92 ± 2 % of the maximal walking speed (MWS, p < 0.01). Similarly, carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation was significantly higher in the Walk trial than in the Run trial at above 92 ± 2 %MWS in males (p < 0.001) and above 93 ± 1 %MWS in females (p < 0.05). [Conclusion] These findings suggest that EE and CHO oxidation during walking increase non-linearly with speed, and walking at a fast speed causes greater metabolic responses than running at the equivalent speed in young participants.
Ayano Imai,Keiichi Yamaguchi,Kazushige Goto 한국운동영양학회 2022 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.26 No.2
[Purpose] This study aimed to determine the systemic and peripheral responses to high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) with voluntary hypoventilation at low lung volume (VHL) or HIIE under hypoxic conditions. [Methods] Ten male participants completed a single session of HIIE (three sets of 6 × 8-s high-intensity pedaling at 170% of maximal oxygen uptake [VO2max]) under three different conditions: normoxia with normal breathing (NOR: 23 °C, 20.9% of fraction of inspired oxygen [FiO2]), hypoxia with normal breathing (HYP: 23 °C, 14.5% FiO2), and normoxia with VHL (VHL: 23 °C, 20.9% FiO2). A randomized crossover design was used. Power output, arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2), heart rate, and muscle oxygenation were monitored during the exercise and the 16-s recovery. Muscle blood flow (mBF) of the vastus lateralis was also evaluated. [Results] SpO2 during the exercise and the 16-s recovery in the VHL group was significantly lower than in that of the NOR group. However, this parameter in the VHL group was significantly higher than that of the HYP group (NOR: 94.9 ± 0.4%, HYP: 82.8 ± 1.2%, VHL: 90.4 ± 0.5%; p < 0.001). Muscle oxygen saturation was significantly lower in the HYP group than those in the VHL and NOR groups (NOR: 79.6 ± 17.4%, HYP: 65.5 ± 7.7%, VHL: 74.4 ± 7.8%; p = 0.024). No significant difference in this parameter was observed between the VHL and NOR groups (p > 0.05). Additionally, the exercise-induced increase in mBF did not differ significantly among three groups (p > 0.05). [Conclusion] HIIE-induced SpO2 decrease was smaller under hypoxic conditions than during VHL. Moreover, mBF was not enhanced by the addition of VHL during HIIE.
Koji Ono,Takafumi Kumasawa,Keiichi Shimatani,Masatoshi Kanou,Ichiro Yamaguchi,Naoki Kunugita 대한방사선방어학회 2022 방사선방어학회지 Vol.47 No.2
Background: The present study investigated the radiation dose distribution of balloon kyphoplasty (BKP) among surgeons and medical staff, and this is the first research to observe such exposure in Japan. Materials and Methods: The study subjects were an orthopedic surgeon (n = 1) and surgical staff (n = 9) who intervened in BKP surgery performed at the National Hospital Organization Disaster Medical Center (Tokyo, Japan) between March 2019 and October 2019. Only disposable protective gloves (0.022 mmPb equivalent thickness or less) and trunk protectors were used, and no protective glasses or thyroid drapes were used. Results and Discussion: The surgery time per vertebral body was 36.2 minutes, and the fluoroscopic time was 6.8 minutes. The average exposure dose per vertebral body was 1.46 mSv for the finger (70 μm dose equivalent), 0.24 mSv for the lens of the eye (3 mm dose equivalent), 0.11 mSv for the neck (10 mm dose equivalent), and 0.03 mSv for the chest (10 mm dose equivalent) under the protective suit.The estimated cumulative radiation exposure dose of 23 cases of BKP was calculated to be 50.37 mSv for the fingers, 8.27 mSv for the lens, 3.91 mSv for the neck, and 1.15 mSv for the chest. Conclusion: It is important to know the exposure dose of orthopedic surgeons, implement measures for exposure reduction, and verify the safety of daily use of radiation during surgery and examination.