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Kanghee Lee,조태희,정운혁,김준형,Daegu Son,최재훈 대한수부외과학회 2022 대한수부외과학회지 Vol.27 No.1
Purpose: Dorsal metacarpal artery (DMA) flaps have been used successfully for distal dorsal finger defects. Some studies have reported inconsistent DMA anatomy, and there have been no studies on the anatomic variation of DMAs in Asian cadavers. Therefore, we evaluated the anatomy of DMA using Korean fresh cadavers and reported the clinical outcomes of the DMA flaps. Methods: In the cadaver study, four human forearms from adult fresh cadavers were dissected. The dorsal metacarpal arteries and their communicating branches were identified. From July 2016 to June 2019, five patients with dorsal finger defects underwent a first DMA (FDMA) flap or a reversed DMA (RDMA) flap. Results: In our cadaver study, the ulnar branch of the FDMA and the second and third DMAs were absent in two of four (50%) of the cadavers. In our case series, five flaps survived, and one had partial necrosis, which healed by the second intention. The mean operation time was approximately 100 minutes, and the mean outpatient follow-up period was 6 months. Conclusion: DMA flaps are a reliable flap for the reconstruction of relatively large soft tissue defects of the dorsal finger. However, in our anatomical study, inconsistency of the anatomy of DMAs was identified. Therefore, preoperative Doppler examination is required to evaluate the anatomy of the DMA before considering the use of DMA flaps.
Closed Form of Optimum Cooperative Distributed Relay Amplifying Matrix
Kanghee Lee,Jie Yang,Kwon, Hyuck M.,Hyuncheol Park,Lee, Yong H. IEEE 2014 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Vol.13 No.5
<P>This paper presents a closed form of an optimal cooperative amplify-and-forward (AF) relay amplifying matrix for a distributed relay network of M-source-M-destination pairs and N relays, called a cooperative distributed AF relay network. The objective of this paper is to derive closed forms of minimum mean square error (MMSE)-based and zero-forcing (ZF)-based optimal AF relay amplifying matrices for the cooperative distributed AF relay network under the transmitter power constraint (TPC) at the relays, the receiver power constraint (RPC) at the destinations, and the no-power constraint (NPC) condition. Additionally, by substituting the derived optimum AF relay amplifying matrices into the original cost functions (CFs), the behavior of the optimum CFs and the total optimum signal component power (SCP) at the destinations are compared to each other for different cases. Finally, using the MMSE criterion, a novel relay selection scheme is proposed for the cooperative distributed AF relay network.</P>
Some Critical Issues on English in East Asia and Their Pedagogic Implications
Kanghee Lee 한국응용언어학회 2016 응용 언어학 Vol.32 No.4
In this study, we evaluated the current situation of English use and English language education in East Asia in conjunction with some critical issues relevant to ELT, such as EMI education, the recruitment of native speaker teachers, and the popularity of English Village. The role and status of English are changing with the globalisation for political, economic, cultural and business cooperation among nations. In several current contexts, English is no longer used to communicate only with native English speakers but is also employed as a common means of intercultural communication or English as a Lingua Franca (ELF). Although the development of Asian ELF studies is at the early stage as compared to European ELF research, some research projects such as the Asian Corpus of English (ACE) have produced empirical findings on Asian ELF. Asian ELF studies provide pedagogic implications including the need for flexible and effective language use rather than native-speaker norms or grammatical accuracy. Therefore, from a curriculum development perspective, English education policy, classroom teaching methods and teacher education programs should take this changing nature of English use under consideration. From a marketing perspective, English language education and teaching approaches in East Asia need to raise student awareness regarding the opportunity English can provide for intercultural communication, which is characterized by variability and diversity, which is what is particularly important for engaging in effective and successful communication.