韓國産 미꾸리에 關한 育種·繁殖學的 硏究 : Ⅵ. Histological Changes of Pituitary Gland and Oocytes from March to May Ⅵ. 계절에 따른 암컷의 腦下垂體와 卵母細胞의 組織學的 變化

姜京來,盧淳昌,尹鍾萬,朴弘陽,李相鎬 건국대학교 동물자원연구센터 1993 動物資源硏究誌 Vol.18 No.-

1992년 3월부터 1992년 5월까지 자연적인 채광상태에서 溫度를 유지시킨 후 채취된 미꾸리 암컷의 腦下垂體, 肝 및 卵巢 組織의 번식주기에 일어나는 미세구조의 변화를 광학 및 투과형 전자현미경을 이용하여 살펴보고, 이것들의 相互 聯關性을 알기 위하여 본 연구를 실시하였다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 성숙된 개체의 뇌하수체는 수많은 작은 분비과립과 커다란 분비구 및 불규칙한 형태의 과립들이 관찰되었다. 핵소체가 핵막 주변에 위치헤 있는 후기 단계(LMO)의 난모세포가 난황이 축적되는 성숙초기 단계(EMO)의 난모세포로 변형되는 시기를 난황의 형성이 개시되는 시기로 본다. 난모세포가 성장함에 따라 핵소체의 크기와 난황과립의 수가 증가하게 된다. 난황과립은 결정상의 과립으로 난세포질에 치밀하지 않은 상태로 축적된다. 성숙초기(EMO) 및 말기단계(LMO)에 난소는 커지고 투명하며 과립형태로서 색깔이 연노란색을 나타낸다. 따라서 난 내부를 쉽게 관찰할 수 있다. 방사대(ZR)는 성숙초기단계(EMO)에 단층으로부터 입방형태로 변화된다. 과립막 세포와 난모세포로 부터 유래된 미세융모는 난황형성이 진행되는 동안에 성장하게 되며, 방사대의 pore canals의 구멍을 통해서 서로 연결되어 있다. 따라서 외부로부터 물질의 이동이 있게 된다. 난모세포가 완전하게 성숙되어 방사대가 단단해 지면 미세융모는 그 기능이 상실된다. This study was undertaken to understand the development stages of pituitary gland, liver and ovary of Korean loach(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) under natural circumstances from March to May 1922. Expecially, the light microscopic and ultrastructural changes of ooplasm and follicular membranes of oocytes, were observed by light and transmission electron microscope during the reproductive cycle. In pituitary gland of mature individuals, there were observed a number of secretory granules,large globules, and irregular masses.The vitellogenic phase began as these late perinucleolus oocytes became transformed into early maturing oocytes through the accumulation of yolk. The size of the nucleoli and number of the yolk granules increased as the oocyte growed. Yolk granules were loosely deposited in the oocyte as crystalline granules. Due to the presence of early and late maturing oocytes, their ovaries were enlarged transparent, granular and yellowish in color. Zona radiata change a squamous into cuboid shape in EMO stage. Microvilli from the granulosa cells and from the oocyte grow and make contact with each other in the pore canals of the zona radiata during vitellogenesis, but are withdrawn as the zona radiata becomes more compact during oocyte maturation.

Gonadal Development, Spawning and Plasma Sex Steroid Levels of the Indoor Cultured Grunt, Hapalogenys nitens

Kang, Hee Woong,Cho, Jae-Kwon,Son, Maeng-Hyun,Park, Jong Youn,Hong, Chang Gi,Chung, Jae Seung,Chung, Ee-Yung The Korean Society of Developmental Biology 2015 발생과 생식 Vol.19 No.1

The gonadosomatic index (GSI), gonadal development and changes in hormones in plasma level of the indoor cultured grunt (Hapalogenys nitens) were investigated by histological study from August 2011 to October 2012. The GSI showed similar trends with gonad developmental stages during the culture periods. Changes in plasma level of estradiol-$17{\beta}$ of female H. nitens reached the highest value before the spawning period, and seasonal changes in plasma level of estradiol-$17{\beta}$ were similar in trends of oocyte developments and GSI changes. Testosterone levels of male H. nitens reached the highest value before and after the spent stage. Ovarian developmental stages of H. nitens could be classified into early growing stage, late growing stage, mature stage, ripe and spawning stage, recovery and resting stage. The testicular developmental stages could be divided into growing stage, mature stage, ripe and spent stage, and recovery and resting stage.

전면문제중심학습이 치의학교육의 자기주도적 학습, 의사소통, 문제해결 능력에 미치는 영향

이강욱 ( Kang-wook Lee ),홍진실 ( Jin-sil Hong ),장기완 ( Kee-wan Chang ) 대한구강보건학회 2016 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.40 No.4

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of problem-based learning (PBL) on dental education to dental students. The following were investigated in this study: 1. Does PBL improve the ability of self-directed learning? 2. Does PBL change communication ability? 3. Does PBL change the strategy of problem solving? Methods: The participants of this study were 39 students in the experimental group and 68 students in the control group. The measurement tools of this study were self-directed learning, communication, and problem solving abilities tests designed by the Korean Educational Development Institute. The data was analyzed by the two-way ANOVA and ANOVA with repeated measures. Results: In self-directed learning ability during 3 semesters, the experimental group showed a U-shape change but the control group showed a reverse U-shape change. In the experimental group, the selfdirected learning ability was decreased after one year (after the first and second semester). The level of communication ability decreased every day during the three semesters monitored in both the control and experimental groups. The level of communication ability in the experimental group continuously decreased during the three semesters, with the exception of one semester. Finally, for the problem solving ability during the three semesters, the experimental group showed a reverse U-shape change while the control group showed a U-shape change. In the experimental group, there was no change after two semesters. Conclusions: On the basis of the findings in this study, the following conclusions can be made. First, problem-based learning has a positive educational effect compared to didactic-based learning within one year. Second, the appropriate length of PBL is two semesters, or one year. It could be recommended that dental education in Korea should be combined or hybridized with PBL; for example, PBL could be used in combination with brief lectures or block lectures by teachers.

大豆에 있어서 Gamma ray 感受性의 品種間 差異

Ki Chang Hong(洪基昶),Sin Won Kang(姜信元) 한국육종학회 1970 한국육종학회지 Vol.2 No.1

大豆 放射線 育種의 한가지 基礎硏究로서 Gamma ray에 對한 感受性의 品種間 差에 對하여 試驗한 바 그 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. (1) Gamma ray 照射에 따라서 高線量에서는 發芽率이 大體로 抑制傾向을 보인 것이 많았다. Hill 만을 全線量(15~60kR)에서 發芽率이 增大되었다. (2) 全品種이 Gamma ray 照射에 依해 發芽期間이 延長되었으나 忠北白과 益山만은 低線量에서는 도리어 短縮되는 傾向을 表示하고 있다. (3) 上胚軸長은 全體的으로 減少 傾向을 보였으나 忠北白과 益山은 低線量에서는 도리어 增大傾向을 보였다. (4) 下胚軸長도 全體的으로 減少 傾向을 보였으나 Hill만은 全線量에서, 益山을 除한 全品種이 15kR에서 增大傾向을 보였다. (5) 葉面指數는 全品種이 全線量에 增大되었다. (6) 莖長은 益山과 Hill에서는 15~35kR 에서 增大되고 45kR 以上에서 減少되었으며 基他 品種은 全線量에서 減少되었다. (7) 葉長은 거의 全照射區에서 減少되었으나 金豆益山 및 Hill의 15 kR 增大되는 傾向이 있었다. (8) Gamma ray 照射에 依하여 12種類 以上의 畸型葉이 相當한 頻度로 出現하였다. (9) 初期부터 여러個의 側枝가 一齊히 發育하여 正常個體보다 生育이 極히 旺盛한 異常 個體도 發見되었다. In order to find out the varietal differences of radiation sensitivity in five soybean varieties, Chung-buk-baek, Yuk-u #3, Keum-du, lk-san, Chang-dan-baek-mok and Hill were treated with 15, 25, 35, 45, and 60 kR of gamma ray. The results gained are summarized as follows; (1) The germination percentage decreased with an increase of gamma ray dosage except the slight stimulation at lower doses in most of the varieties. But Hill was stimulated from all doses. (2) The length of time for germination was prolonged by the gamma ray irradiation in four varieties, while Chung-buk-back and Ik-san were shortened in low dose. (3) The length of epicotyl was reduced in four varieties, the other varieties, Chungbuk-baek and Ik-san were increased in lower doses. (4) The length of hypocotyl was reduced with increasing dosage in five varieties except Hill, which was increased with all doses, while all varieties, except Ik-san were increased at 15 kR. (5) The leaf index was increased proportionally to high dosage. (6) The length of stem was increased between 15 kR and 35 kR in Ik-san and Hill, but reduced in all doses in the other four varieties. (7) in general, the length of leaf was decreased from all doses, but it was increased at the 15 kR level in Keum-do, Ik-san and Hill. (8) More than twelve kinds of abnormal leaf types resulted from various dose levels. (9) More vigorous plants of a bushy type were found in the experiment.

요추부 유합수술 후 가동인접분절의 후기변화

김홍태,강도원,유찬훈,정재호,장세앙 대한척추외과학회 1996 대한척추외과학회지 Vol.3 No.1

The spinal fusion in a lumbar region may influence biomechanically in the remained mobile segment to take over the lost motions Therefore the stress concentration on the adjacent segments may accelerate the degenerative changes, and then various late changes could occur. The aim of this study was to evaluate the late changes occuring in the adjacent segments to lumbar fusions. A retrospective review of radiographs and medical records was undertaken for 67 consecutive patients who had undergone various fusions in the lumbar region for various pathologic conditions. Included in this study were the patients who had performed active daily livings without any significant pain or disability after fusion and followed for a minimum of five years(up to 18 years with a mean of 8.3 years). The results of this study were as follows : The instability, disc narrowing, spinal stenosis, vertebral slipping, or isthmic defect were found in the adjacent segments to fusions in the patients who were followed longer, in L4-5 segment and above segment of fusion, and in the adjacent segments where a degenerative changes existed before surgery and where the angular motion increased considerably in a few years after fusion. The symptoms of these patients were responded well with conservative theraphy and no patient needed any surgical theraphy during these follow-up periods.

CROSS형 ABS 센서 개발에 관한 연구

문태정,강정호,홍창희 東亞大學校 附設 情報通信硏究所 1998 情報通信硏究所論文誌 Vol.6 No.1

Antilock Brake Sysytem(ABS) si the device for getting the braking force and the cornering force of the car. The ABS sensor consists of a permanent magnet and pickup coil. When the rotor and the sensor changes, The air gap between the rotor and the sensor changes. This disturbs the magnetic flux emanating from the permanent magnet and generates ac voltage in the pickup coil. The frequency fo this ac voltage changes with the speed of rotation, and in this way the system is able to measure the rotation speed of the wheel. The purpose of this report is to describe a development method of a new type sensor after analyzing two kinds of typical sensors.

Gonadal Development, Spawning and Plasma Sex Steroid Levels of the Indoor Cultured Grunt, Hapalogenys nitens

Hee Woong Kang,Jae-Kwon Cho,Maeng-Hyun Son,Jong Youn Park,Chang Gi Hong,Jae Seung Chung,Ee-Yung Chung 한국발생생물학회 2015 발생과 생식 Vol.19 No.1

The gonadosomatic index (GSI), gonadal development and changes in hormones in plasma level of the indoor cultured grunt (Hapalogenys nitens) were investigated by histological study from August 2011 to October 2012. The GSI showed similar trends with gonad developmental stages during the culture periods. Changes in plasma level of estradiol-17β of female H. nitens reached the highest value before the spawning period, and seasonal changes in plasma level of estradiol-17β were similar in trends of oocyte developments and GSI changes. Testosterone levels of male H. nitens reached the highest value before and after the spent stage. Ovarian developmental stages of H. nitens could be classified into early growing stage, late growing stage, mature stage, ripe and spawning stage, recovery and resting stage. The testicular developmental stages could be divided into growing stage, mature stage, ripe and spent stage, and recovery and resting stage.

신정부 과학기술정책 방향 모색

홍성주(Sung Joo Hong),이다은(Da Eun Lee),홍창의(Chang Ui Hong),강민지(Min Ji Kang),우청원(Chung Won Woo),강홍렬,전찬미 과학기술정책연구원 2017 정책연구 Vol.- No.-

With the presidential election in 2017 as a momentum, many people in science and engineering and social organizations gave various science and technology policy proposals. Most of them were reflected in each party’s election pledges. The media also covered lots of science and technology policy issues, which mainly included agendas reflecting the voices of the fields of R&D like research autonomy and people-oriented investment. This task aims to understand how the landscape of science and technology policies changed in an era of political change. To achieve this, we pursued to answer three research questions. First, how are we going to look at the vitalization of science and technology policy issues that occurred in the presidential election and its results? Second, what was it like in the past? Did the previous governments faithfully carry out their science and technology pledges in their science and technology policies? Third, what is the blind spot of policies that failed to attract attention or became a dilemma despite the change in science and technology policies? In order to answer these questions, the research team analyzed the way of establishing the window for science and technology policies during the presidential election in 2017, while also looked at the path taken for science and technology pledges to be implemented as policies during the past 15 years after the Rho Moo Hyun Government. The analysis results showed that we need to take largely four different approaches to science and technology issues. From the medium and long term perspective, it can be divided into issues that need access, issues that need enhancement, issues that need to gain political interests and issues that need to improve rationality. The research team’s results presented important perspective and methodology of looking at science and technology policy by not only being applied as a standard and means, but also provided a framework for devising various methods and means by policy issue. Hopefully, our researches are helpful in the planning and implementation of science and technology policy by the new government, which will be inaugurated in May 2017.

6-OHDA가 흰쥐 등쪽솔기핵내 도파민성 신경세포와 별아교세포에 미치는 영향

홍은석(Eun Seog Hong),남성안(Seong Ahn Nam),조승묵(Seung Mook Jo),강태천(Tae-Cheon Kang),원무호(Moo Ho Won),최창도(Chang Do Choi) 대한해부학회 1999 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.32 No.4

신경독성물질인 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)이 중추신경계통 내 도파민성 신경세포에 미치는 영향과 이에 따른 별아교 세포들의 반응을 형태학적으로 규명하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 흰쥐의 가쪽뇌실에 6-OHDA를 투여한 후 면역조직화학 염색을 시행하여 광학현미경 하에서 등쪽솔기핵 내 도파민성 신경세포에 나타나는 퇴행성변화와 주위 별아교세포들의 반응양상 등을 경시적으로 제 3일, 제 5일, 제10일 및 제20일에서 관찰하였던 바 아래와 같은 결과를 얻었다. 6-OHDA에 의한 도파민성 신경세포의 퇴행성변화는 약물투여후 제 3일군에서 세포돌기가 팽대되고, 제 5일군과 제 10일군에서는 세포돌기의 소실과 함께 세포체가 위축되었고, 제20일군에서는 세포체가 소실되었다. 또한 6-OHDA에 의해 도파민성 신경세포들의 손상이 진행되면서 별아교세포들의 반응양상은 제 5일에서 대조군에 비해 급격하게 증가하였으며, 제20일에 이르러 최고값을 보였다. 이상의 결과로부터 6-OHDA가 중추신경계통 내 도파민성 신경세포들에 선택적이고 강한 세포독성을 유발하여 퇴행성 변화가 진행되고, 세포 손상이 시간 경과에 따라 진행되면서 주위의 별아교세포들이 지속적으로 증가된 활동을 보인다는 사실을 알게 되었다. This study was designed to clarify the cytotoxic effects of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) on the dopaminergic neurons and astrocytes in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), and to investigate neurodegenerative changes by immunohistochemistry. Adult male rats (Sprague-Dawley strain) weighing from 250 to 350 g were used as experimental animals. 6-OHDA (100 μg dissolved in 0.1% ascorbic acid) was injected into the lateral ventricle of the rat brain with the Hamilton syringe. The control rats were treated with the similar volume of 0.1 % ascorbic acid. The rats were sacrificed at the 3rd, 5th, 10th and 20th day, respectively, after the injection of 6-OHDA. The cytotoxicity of 6-OHDA resulted in severe neurodegeneration of the dopaminergic neurons in the DRN. In the 3rd day, the dopaminergic fibers were dilated. In the 5th and 10th days, the dopaminergic fibers were depleted, and dopaminergic cell bodies were shrunken. In the 20th day, the dopaminergic cell bodies were almost completely disappeared. Astroglial reactions induced by 6-OHDA were also observed in the DRN. In the 5th day, astrocytes were significantly increased as compared with that of the control value. The value were reached at its maximum by the 20th day. Based on the present results, it suggests that 6-OHDA may act as a specific neurotoxin to dopaminergic neurons in the DRN, and induce severe neurodegenerative changes. Also, it suggests that the astroglial reaction in the DRN is gradually activated during the neurodegerative changes

Overlapping and unique toxic effects of three alternative antifouling biocides (Diuron, Irgarol 1051^®, Sea-Nine 211^®) on non-target marine fish

Moon, Young-Sun,Kim, Moonkoo,Hong, Chang Pyo,Kang, Jung-Hoon,Jung, Jee-Hyun Elsevier 2019 Ecotoxicology and environmental safety Vol.180 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The use of alternative biocides has increased due to their economic and ecological relevance. Although data regarding the toxicity of commercial alternative biocides in marine organisms are accumulating, little is known about their toxic pathways or mechanisms. To compare the toxic effects of commercial alternative biocides on non-target pelagic fish (flounder) embryos, we investigated the adverse effects of developmental malformation and transcriptional changes. Three biocides including Diuron, Irgarol 1051<SUP>®</SUP> and Sea-Nine 211<SUP>®</SUP> produced a largely overlapping suite of developmental malformations, including tail-fin fold defects and dorsal body axis curvature. In our test, the potencies of these biocides were ranked in the following order with respect to malformation and mortalities: Sea-Nine 211<SUP>®</SUP> > Irgarol 1051<SUP>®</SUP> > Diuron. Consistent with the toxicity rankings, the expression of genes related to heart formation was greater in embryonic flounder exposed to Sea-Nine 211<SUP>®</SUP> than in those exposed to Irgarol 1051<SUP>®</SUP> or Diuron, while expression of genes related to fin malformation was greater in the Irgarol 1051<SUP>®</SUP> exposure group. In analyses of differential gene expression (DEG) profiles (fold change of genes with a cutoff <I>P < 0.05</I>) by high-throughput sequencing (RNA-seq), genes associated with nervous system development, transmembrane transport activity, and muscle cell development were significantly changed commonly. Embryos exposed to Diuron showed changes related to cellular protein localization, whereas genes associated with immune system processes were up-regulated significantly in embryos exposed to Irgarol 1051<SUP>®</SUP>. Genes related to actin filament organization and embryonic morphogenesis were up-regulated in embryos exposed to Sea-Nine 211<SUP>®</SUP>. Overall, our study provides a better understanding of the overlapping and unique developmental toxic effects of three commercial booster biocides through transcriptomic analyses in a non-target species, embryonic flounder.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Developmental defects of the most commercially used booster biocides were investigated on non-target marine species. </LI> <LI> Sea-Nine 211® was most developmental toxic biocides among three biocides regarding malformation and mortalities analysis. </LI> <LI> Three biocides were produced common toxic effects associated with nervous system development. </LI> <LI> Genes related to immune system processes were variated in embryos exposed to Irgarol 1051<SUP>®</SUP>. </LI> <LI> Genes related to embryonic morphogenesis were up-regulated in embryos exposed to Sea-Nine 211. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>