Progress of electrospray ionization and rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometric techniques for the broad-range identification of microorganisms

Kailasa, Suresh Kumar,Koduru, Janardhan Reddy,Park, Tae Jung,Wu, Hui-Fen,Lin, Ying-Chi Royal Society of Chemistry 2019 The Analyst Vol.144 No.4

<P>Several non-culture molecular (multiplex polymerase chain reaction assays, DNA microarrays, massive parallel DNA sequencing, <I>in situ</I> hybridization, microbiome profiling, and molecular typing of pathogens) and analytical (electrophoresis, gel electrophoresis, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, and mass spectrometry) tools have been developed in recent years for the identification of bacteria and diagnosis of bacterial infections from clinical samples. Among mass spectrometric techniques, electrospray ionization (ESI) and rapid evaporative ionization (REI) mass spectrometric (MS) techniques have attracted much attention in the identification of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, and viruses), and in the diagnosis of various bacterial infections. This review highlights the developed ESI-MS-based methods, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with ESI-MS and capillary electrophoresis (CE) and liquid chromatography (LC)-ESI-MS, for the identification of microorganisms (pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and viruses) in various samples. Recent applications of ESI- and REI-MS in identifying pathogenic bacteria are depicted in tables, and some significant findings are summarized.</P>

Application potential of chemical weathering indices in the identification of hydrothermally altered surface volcanic rocks from geothermal fields

Kailasa Pandarinath 한국지질과학협의회 2022 Geosciences Journal Vol.26 No.3

Applicability of the Chemical Weathering Indices (CWIs) in an identification of fresh and hydrothermally altered rocks has been carried out by applying them to the rocks with known alteration status. The application clearly indicated that all 47 CWIs have correctly identified all fresh rocks (success rate, SR ~100%). Similarly, most of the CWIs are correctly identified the hydrothermally altered rocks (SR of 78–100%), whereas the proper reasons are identified for the remaining CWIs for their comparatively lower success rates. The study clearly shows an applicability of CWIs in the identification of fresh and hydrothermally altered igneous rocks. As an application to identify the status of the hydrothermal alteration (least or intensive) of the surface rocks from geothermal areas, all 47 CWIs are applied to the rocks obtained from the surface areas of the six main geothermal fields of Mexico. Most of the indices have shown SR of ≥ 80% in identifying fresh and hydrothermally altered rocks of these geothermal fields. Based on the SR of CWIs, the 15 best performer CWIs are identified for the Mexican geothermal fields. The present work clearly reveals that if cautiously applied, by considering the existing differences between the weathering and hydrothermal alteration processes, most of the weathering indices may be successfully applied in correctly identifying the intensity of hydrothermal alteration of surface rocks of geothermal areas.

Influence of ligand chemistry on silver nanoparticles for colorimetric detection of Cr³⁺ and Hg²⁺ ions

Kailasa, Suresh Kumar,Chandel, Madhurya,Mehta, Vaibhavkumar N.,Park, Tae Jung Elsevier 2018 Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomole Vol.195 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this work, we describe the role of ligand chemistry on the surfaces of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) for tuning their analytical applications. The citrate and melamine (MA) molecules were used as ligands for the surface modification of Ag NPs. The addition of Cr<SUP>3+</SUP> ion in citrate-Ag NPs (Cit-Ag NPs) and of Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> ion in melamine-Ag NPs (MA-Ag NPs) cause Ag NPs aggregation, and are accompanied by a color change and a red-shift. The resulting distinctly visual readouts are favorable for colorimetric detection of Cr<SUP>3+</SUP> and Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> ions. Under optimal conditions, the linear ranges are observed in the concentration ranges of 1.0–50.0 and of 10.0–100.0 μM, and with detection limit of 0.52 and 1.80 μM for Cr<SUP>3+</SUP> and Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> ions. The simultaneous detection of Cr<SUP>3+</SUP> and Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> ion is driven by the changing the ligand chemistry on the surfaces of Ag NPs that allows to tune their specific interactions with target analytes. Finally, the functionalized Ag NPs were successfully applied to detect Cr<SUP>3+</SUP> and Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> ions in water samples with satisfactory recoveries.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Tuning of Ag NPs colorimetric sensing applications with ligand chemistry </LI> <LI> Citrate- and MA-Ag NPs show high selectivity towards Cr<SUP>3+</SUP> and Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> ions over other metal ions. </LI> <LI> The sensors exhibit good linearities for Cr<SUP>3+</SUP> and Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> ion with limits of detection at micromolar range. </LI> <LI> This method was successfully applied to detect both ions in water samples. </LI> <LI> The developed sensors exhibit good accuracy and precision. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical Abstract</B></P> <P>Schematic representation of influence of ligand chemistry on Ag NPs surfaces for tuning of their analytical applications.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Ultra-fast Detection and Differentiation of Mycoplasma haemofelis and CandidatusM. Haemominutum in Korean Feral Cats by Microchip Electrophoresiswith Programmed Field Strength Gradients

Kailasa S. Kumar,이희구,유동진,강성호 대한화학회 2008 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.29 No.1

A microchip-based capillary gel electrophoresis (MCGE) technique was developed for the ultra-fast detection and differentiation of Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum (Candidatus M. haemominutum, California strain) and Mycoplasma haemofelis (M. haemofelis, Ohio strain) in Korean feral cats through the application of programmed field strength gradients (PFSG) in a conventional glass double-T microchip. The effects of the poly (ethyleneoxide) (PEO) concentration and electric field strength on the separation of DNA fragments were investigated. The PCR-amplified products of Candidatus M. haemominutum (202-bp) and M. haemofelis (273-bp) were analyzed by MCGE within 75 s under a constant applied electric field of 117.6 V/cm and a sieving matrix of 0.3% PEO (Mr 8 000 000). When the PFSG was applied, MCGE analysis generated results 6.8-times faster without any loss of resolution or reproducibility. The MCGE-PFSG technique was also applied to eleven samples selected randomly from 33 positive samples. The samples were detected and differentiated within 11 s. The analysis time of the MCGE-PFSG technique was approximately 980-times faster than that using conventional slab gel electrophoresis.

Recent progress on surface chemistry of plasmonic metal nanoparticles for colorimetric assay of drugs in pharmaceutical and biological samples

Kailasa, Suresh Kumar,Koduru, Janardhan Reddy,Desai, Mittal L.,Park, Tae Jung,Singhal, Rakesh Kumar,Basu, Hirakendu Elsevier 2018 Trends in analytical chemistry Vol.105 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Plasmonic metal nanoparticles have been explored as a new class of chemical read-outs for assaying of a variety of chemical and biological species because of their unique physico-chemical and size dependent properties. Metal nanoparticles-based optical technologies are based on either new class of organic molecular assembly or with aggregation-induced optical changes features, which can also improve the sensitivity of drug assays in pharmaceutical analysis. This review describes the advantages of surface chemistry of plasmonic metal nanoparticles (e.g., silver, copper, gold, and platinum) for tuning of their colorimetric sensing applications in various drugs assays in pharmaceutical and biological samples. It provides insights of various plasmonic metal nanoparticles-based sensing strategies for the selective, sensitive and simultaneous colorimetric assay of drugs in pharmaceutical samples. Finally, we listed some research challenges to accelerate the development of plasmonic metal nanoparticles-based colorimetric sensors that are directly applicable for assaying drugs in pharmaceutical samples.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Surface chemistry of plasmonic metal NPs plays key role in sensing of drugs. </LI> <LI> Progress on plasmonic metal NPs for assaying of various drugs is reviewed. </LI> <LI> Plasmonic metal NPs act as magnificent visual readouts for simultaneous analysis of drugs. </LI> <LI> Analytical performances of plasmonic metal NPs sensors were tabulated. </LI> </UL> </P>

Ultra-fast Detection and Differentiation of Mycoplasma haemofelis and Candidatus M. Haemominutum in Korean Feral Cats by Microchip Electrophoresis with Programmed Field Strength Gradients

Kumar, Kailasa S.,Lee, Hee-Gu,Yoo, Dong-Jin,Kang, Seong-Ho Korean Chemical Society 2008 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.29 No.1

A microchip-based capillary gel electrophoresis (MCGE) technique was developed for the ultra-fast detection and differentiation of Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum (Candidatus M. haemominutum, California strain) and Mycoplasma haemofelis (M. haemofelis, Ohio strain) in Korean feral cats through the application of programmed field strength gradients (PFSG) in a conventional glass double-T microchip. The effects of the poly (ethyleneoxide) (PEO) concentration and electric field strength on the separation of DNA fragments were investigated. The PCR-amplified products of Candidatus M. haemominutum (202-bp) and M. haemofelis (273-bp) were analyzed by MCGE within 75 s under a constant applied electric field of 117.6 V/cm and a sieving matrix of 0.3% PEO (Mr 8 000 000). When the PFSG was applied, MCGE analysis generated results 6.8-times faster without any loss of resolution or reproducibility. The MCGE-PFSG technique was also applied to eleven samples selected randomly from 33 positive samples. The samples were detected and differentiated within 11 s. The analysis time of the MCGE-PFSG technique was approximately 980-times faster than that using conventional slab gel electrophoresis.

Ultra-fast simultaneous analysis of genetically modified organisms in maize by microchip electrophoresis with LIF detector

Kumar, Kailasa Suresh,Kang, Seong Ho WILEY-VCH Verlag 2007 Electrophoresis Vol.28 No.22

<P>This study examined the potential of microchip electrophoresis (ME) with a LIF detector using a programmed field strength gradient (PFSG) in a conventional glass double-T microchip for the ultra-fast detection and simultaneous analysis of genetically modified (GM) maize. The separation efficiency and sensitivity at various sieving gels (poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO, M<SUB>r</SUB> 8 000 000) and 2-hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) (M<SUB>r</SUB> 250 000)) and fluorescent dye concentrations were investigated. The PCR products of both the GM and non-GM maize were analyzed within 30 s under the PFSG (470.6 V/cm for 20 s, 117.6 V/cm for 12 s, and 470.6 V/cm for 30 s) with a 2.5% HEC sieving matrix in the running buffer, 1×Tris-borate EDTA (TBE) (pH 8.30) and 0.5 ppm ethidium bromide. The five transgenic maize varieties (Event176, MON810, Bt11, GA21, and T25) examined in this study were also clearly differentiated by ME-PFSG within 30 s in a single run without any loss of resolution. The ME-PFSG technique is a powerful tool for the ultra-fast detection and simultaneous analysis of GMOs in a variety of foods including maize.</P>

Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry for rapid, sensitive and direct detection of melamine in dairy products

Suresh Kumar Kailasa,Hui-Fen Wu 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.21 No.1

A simple, rapid, and sensitive method for detection of melamine in dairy products by electrosprayionization mass spectrometry (ESI–MS) without any sample preparation is demonstrated. The ESI–MS/MS on the protonated melamine atm/z 127 produced the characteristic fragment ions atm/z 110, 85, 68,60. This method has a good linearity in the range of 0.5–10.0 mg/mL, with detection limit 0.1 mg/mL andRSD 8.9% (n = 5). Together with existing recent methods on mass spectrometry and NP-based sensingmethodologies for melamine detection, the present method provides an efficient platform for detectionof melamine in milk products without any sample preparation steps or post-separation procedures.

Advances in functional nanomaterial-based electrochemical techniques for screening of endocrine disrupting chemicals in various sample matrices

Azzouz, Abdelmonaim,Kailasa, Suresh Kumar,Kumar, Pawan,Ballesteros, Evaristo,Kim, Ki-Hyun Elsevier 2019 Trends in analytical chemistry Vol.113 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This review was organized to describe the progress made in the integration of nanostructural materials into electrochemical analytical tools for the quantification of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in diverse sample matrices (e.g., environmental and biological samples). Here, we focused mainly on seven major EDCs: alkylphenols/phenols, bisphenol A, parabens, triclosan, phthalates, pesticides, and natural/synthetic sex hormones. All of them are known to exhibit endocrine disruption by strong binding with estrogen receptors to pose serious health risks (e.g., cancerous tumors and disorders in various organs). To realize rapid, selective, and sensitive detection of EDCs, the use of nanostructured materials has become a fascinating option due to many merits (e.g., automation, fast response, good accuracy, and high selectivity/sensitivity). Here, the performance of sensing tools built using nanomaterials was assessed for the detection of EDCs in various sample matrices. Our discussion was extended further to cover the future prospects on this fascinating research field.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Recently, noticeable achievements have been made in electrochemical sensing of EDCs. </LI> <LI> This review summarizes the integration of functional materials into various electrodevices for EDC. </LI> <LI> Quantification of major EDCs is described to including bisphenol A in different types of samples. </LI> <LI> The results will offer valuable insights into the new possibilities and prospects for EDC detection. </LI> </UL> </P>

Review of nanomaterials as sorbents in solid-phase extraction for environmental samples

Azzouz, Abdelmonaim,Kailasa, Suresh Kumar,Lee, Sang Soo,J. Rascó,n, André,s,Ballesteros, Evaristo,Zhang, Ming,Kim, Ki-Hyun Elsevier 2018 Trends in analytical chemistry Vol.108 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Anthropogenic organic contaminants (AOCs) are found to exert significant impacts on the human ecosystem, even at low or trace-level concentrations. To meet the growing demand for their quantitation in diverse environmental media, the use of preconcentration approaches (such as solid phase extraction) has become an essential component to practically upgrade both procedural efficiency and the analytical sensitivity. Nanomaterials (NMs) are realized as excellent candidates for proper sorption media because of their unique structural and surface properties with noticeably enhanced sorption capability towards contaminants. This review explores the use of various NMs (metallic and mixed oxide nanoparticles (NPs), carbon NMs (fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and graphene oxide), polymer-based nanocomposites (organic polymers, inorganic and hybrid polymers, molecularly imprinted polymers, and dendrimers), and silicon/magnetic NPs) as potential sorbents for analytical applications. In this review, the distinctive features of NM-based sorptive extraction techniques are examined comprehensively with the discussion on their future prospects and key challenges.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Applications of nanomaterials in sorptive extraction techniques are overviewed. </LI> <LI> Extraction efficiency of sorptive extraction was improved using nanomaterials. </LI> <LI> This review highlights the integration of nanomaterials with sorptive extraction techniques. </LI> <LI> The prospects of nanomaterials technology in trace level analysis are described. </LI> </UL> </P>