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Kai, Guiqing,Pan, Jian,Yuan, Chuanxun,Yuan, Yuan Korean Chemical Society 2008 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.29 No.3
An improved HPLC method for the separation of madecassoside isomers (madecassoside and asiaticoside-B) has been developed. The isomers can be separated with high resolution from extracts of Centella asiatica by HPLC using $\beta$-cyclodextrin as a mobile phase added on a $C_{18}$ column. The result shows that the isomers can be separated with a mobile phase consisting of methanol:water (50:50, v/v) with 4 mmol/L $\beta$-CD. To elucidate the mechanism of the separation of madecassoside and asiaticoside-B, this paper studied the separation of their aglycon parts (madecassic acid and terminolic acid), another pair of isomers. The isomers can also be separated with high resolution with a mobile phase consisting of methanol:water (65:35, v/v) with 4 mmol/L $\beta$-CD and the pH of the mobile phase was adjusted to 4. The paper also studied the separation of the two isomers by HPLC using $\alpha$-CD and Glucosyl-$\beta$-CD as a mobile phase additive in order to elucidate the mechanism of the separation process.
( Kai Yuan Wan ),( Yong Tao ),( Ru Hai Li ),( Jun Feng Pan ),( Lei Lei Tang ),( Fang Chen ) 한국잡초학회 2012 Weed Biology and Management Vol.12 No.1
In order to provide a scientific basis for developing integrated weed management strategies in rice paddy fields, this study investigated the influences of different types of fertilization on weed biodiversity. The experiment was conducted at Long-term-located Monitoring Station for Soil Fertility, Agricultural Science Academy, of Jiangxi Province, China. Five fertilization treatments were set: no fertilization (NOF), PK, NP, NK, and NPK. The results showed that the influence of different fertilization treatments on weed community traits followed the models PK > NOF > NK > NP > NPK for species richness, PK > NOF > NK > NP > NPK for species diversity, NPK > NP > NK > NOF > PK for community dominance, and PK > NOF > NK > NP > NPK for community evenness. Under NPK (i.e. balanced fertilization), the weed species diversity and richness and weed community evenness were the lowest. The principal component analysis showed that the weed community was divided into three groups: (i) NK and a part of NOF; (ii) NP and NPK; and (iii) PK and NOF. The correlation analysis indicated that the influence of each macro-element on the weed community followed the model N > P > K. The organic content in the paddy soil might have played an equally important role with the amount of available N in determining the weed community`s characteristics. Regarding the way by which N, P, and K influenced the weed community, the amount of available P and K mainly influenced the organic content, while the amount of available N influenced both the organic content and light transmittance within the canopy, thereby enhancing the capacity of rice to compete with weeds.
TOSS: Telecom Operations Support Systems for Broadband Services
Chen, Yuan-Kai,Hsu, Chang-Ping,Hu, Chung-Hua,Lin, Rong-Syh,Lin, Yi-Bing,Lyu, Jian-Zhi,Wu, Wudy,Young, Hey-Chyi Korea Information Processing Society 2010 Journal of information processing systems Vol.6 No.1
Due to the convergence of voice, data, and video, today's telecom operators are facing the complexity of service and network management to offer differentiated value-added services that meet customer expectations. Without the operations support of well-developed Business Support System/Operations Support System (BSS/OSS), it is difficult to timely and effectively provide competitive services upon customer request. In this paper, a suite of NGOSS-based Telecom OSS (TOSS) is developed for the support of fulfillment and assurance operations of telecom services and IT services. Four OSS groups, TOSS-P (intelligent service provisioning), TOSS-N (integrated large-scale network management), TOSS-T (trouble handling and resolution), and TOSS-Q (end-to-end service quality management), are organized and integrated following the standard telecom operation processes (i.e., eTOM). We use IPTV and IP-VPN operation scenarios to show how these OSS groups co-work to support daily business operations with the benefits of cost reduction and revenue acceleration.
Wang, Yuan-Kai,Yan, Ya-Xian,Kim, Hyeun Bum,Ju, Xianghong,Zhao, Song,Zhang, Keshan,Tzipori, Saul,Sun, Xingmin TaylorFrancis 2015 Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics Vol.11 No.9
<P><I>Clostridium difficile</I> is the major cause of hospital-acquired infectious diarrhea and colitis in developed countries. The pathogenicity of <I>C. difficile</I> is mainly mediated by the release of 2 large potent exotoxins, toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB), both of which require neutralization to prevent disease occurrence. We have generated a novel chimeric protein, designated mTcd138, comprised of the glucosyltransferase and cysteine proteinase domains of TcdB and the receptor binding domain of TcdA and expressed it in <I>Bacillus megaterium</I>. To ensure that mTcd138 is atoxic, 2 point mutations were introduced to the glucosyltransferase domain of TcdB, which essentially eliminates toxicity of mTcd138. Parenteral immunizations of mice and hamsters with mTcd138 induced protective antibodies to both toxins and provided protection against infection with the hyper-virulent <I>C. difficile</I> strain UK6.</P>