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Effects of Liberalization on Domestic Product Quality
( Tarun Kabiraj ),( Soma Roy ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 (구 세종대학교 국제경제연구소) 2006 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.21 No.2
In a model of vertical product differentiation we study the impact of liberalization on the choice of the product quality of a local monopolist. We show that under liberalization as one foreign firm enters with a superior quality, the local firm will reduce its quality level unless the foreign firm`s product quality is sufficiently higher. As the efficiency of the local firm goes up, its quality choice responds more under liberalization than under protection. However, its market size in the protective regime is independent of its efficiency level.
Technological Asymmetry, Externality, and Merger: The Case of a Three-Firm Industry
Tarun Kabiraj,Ching Chyi Lee 서울대학교 경제연구소 2003 Seoul journal of economics Vol.16 No.1
We construct a model of three firms oligopoly with homogeneous goods and portray situations where firms fail to merge into monopoly. although such a merger maximizes aggregate profits. The degree of technological asymmetry and the effects of externalities determine the outcome via their effects on the profitability of a bilateral merger. There are situations when an inefficient firm. that cannot survive in a Cournot competition. obtains a positive payoff in the grand coalition. There are also cases when the efficient firm has a disadvantage to bargain.
Technology Transfer, Merger and Joint Venture : A Comparative Welfare Analysis
Roy, Prithvijit,Kabiraj, Tarun,Mukherjee, Arijit 세종대학교 국제경제연구소 1999 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.14 No.3
We consider a framework where initially a foreign firm and a few domestic firms are competing in a homogenous product local market. The foreign firm has a lower marginal cost of production relative to the domestic firms. We study then possibility of a bilateral agreement between the foreign firm and a local firm on each of technology transfer, merger and joint venture. Given the optimal behavior of the foreign firm, the paper also examines welfare implications of each such collaborative deal. Depending on cost asymmetry it is always profitable for the foreign firm to go for the one or the other deal. But the local government generally encourages new firm joint venture formation. The degree of cost asymmetry and the number of firms in the market play an important role in this analysis. (JEL Classification: D43, L13, F23)
Technology Transfer, Merger and Joint Venture: A Comparative Welfare Analysis
( Prithvijit Roy ),( Tarun Kabiraj ),( Arijit Mukherjee ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 1999 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.14 No.3
We consider a framework where initially a foreign firm and a few domestic firms are competing in a homogenous product local market. The foreign firm has a lower marginal cost of production relative to the domestic firms. We study then possibility of a bilateral agreement between the foreign firm and a local firm on each of technology transfer, merger and joint venture. Given the optimal behavior of the foreign firm, the paper also examines welfare implications of each such collaborative deal. Depending on cost asymmetry it is always profitable for the foreign firm to go for the one or the other deal. But the local government generally encourages new firm joint venture formation. The degree of cost asymmetry and the number of firms in the market play an important role in this analysis. (JEL Classification: D43; L13; F23.)
VLS-like growth and characterizations of dense ZnO nanorods grown by e-beam process
Agarwal, D C,Chauhan, R S,Avasthi, D K,Sulania, I,Kabiraj, D,Thakur, P,Chae, K H,Chawla, Amit,Chandra, R,Ogale, S B,Pellegrini, G,Mazzoldi, P Institute of Physics [etc.] 2009 Journal of Physics. D, Applied Physics Vol.42 No.3
<P>We present a new approach to produce ZnO nanorods in a reproducible manner at a temperature lower than other physical vapour deposition techniques, such as the vapour–liquid–solid mechanism. Arrays of well-aligned ZnO nanorods of uniform diameter have been synthesized on the Si substrate precoated with Au, using a simple electron beam evaporation method without the flow of any carrier gas. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy characterizations show that as-grown nanorods are well aligned and uniform in diameter. X-ray diffraction measurements and clear lattice fringes in high-resolution transmission electron microscopy image show the growth of good quality polycrystalline hexagonal ZnO nanorods and a 〈0 0 2〉 growth direction. The polarization-dependent studies of near edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) are performed to investigate the electronic structure of the zinc and oxygen ions. The analysis of NEXAFS spectra at different angles of incidence of photon flux indicates the formation of ZnO nanorods having anisotropic behaviour of O and Zn states. The photoluminescence spectrum exhibits strong ultraviolet emission at 385 nm and the UV–visible spectrum also shows a band-gap transition around 390 nm indicating the good quality of nanorods. The catalytic growth mechanism of the ZnO nanorods is discussed on the basis of experimental results in this work.</P>